Gene and chromosomal alterations in sporadic breast cancer: Correlation with histopathological features and implications for genesis and progression

Breast Cancer

Volumn 16, Issue 3, 2009, Pages 186-201

  Tsuda, Hitoshi ^a,b  

^a NATIONAL CANCER CENTER HOSPITAL   (Japan)

^b NATIONAL DEFENSE MEDICAL COLLEGE   (Japan)

Author keywords

Der(1; 16) der(16)t(1; 16); HER2; Intrinsic subtype; Loss of heterozygosity; P53

Indexed keywords

ANTHRACYCLINE; CYCLOPHOSPHAMIDE; EPIDERMAL GROWTH FACTOR RECEPTOR 2; FLUOROURACIL; METHOTREXATE; PROTEIN P53; TRASTUZUMAB; UFT; UVOMORULIN;

BASAL CELL CARCINOMA; BREAST CANCER; CANCER CLASSIFICATION; CANCER GROWTH; CARCINOMA IN SITU; CHROMOSOME ABERRATION; CHROMOSOME LOSS; CHROMOSOME REARRANGEMENT; CLINICAL FEATURE; CLINICAL TRIAL; COMPARATIVE GENOMIC HYBRIDIZATION; DISEASE SEVERITY; FLUORESCENCE IN SITU HYBRIDIZATION; GENE; GENE AMPLIFICATION; GENE DELETION; GENE EXPRESSION PROFILING; GENE MUTATION; GENE OVEREXPRESSION; HETEROZYGOSITY LOSS; HISTOPATHOLOGY; HUMAN; INTRADUCTAL CARCINOMA; INVASIVE CARCINOMA; INVASIVE DUCTAL CARCINOMA; INVASIVE LOBULAR CARCINOMA; LUNG CARCINOMA; MEDULLARY CARCINOMA; MOLECULAR GENETICS; PATHOGENESIS; POINT MUTATION; POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROGNOSIS; PROTEIN LOCALIZATION; PROTEIN PHOSPHORYLATION; RESTRICTION FRAGMENT LENGTH POLYMORPHISM; REVIEW; SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION; SPORADIC BREAST CANCER; TREATMENT RESPONSE; TUMOR VOLUME;

BREAST NEOPLASMS; CADHERINS; CARCINOMA; CHROMOSOME ABERRATIONS; FEMALE; GENE AMPLIFICATION; GENES, ERBB-2; GENES, P53; GENETIC MARKERS; HUMANS; LOSS OF HETEROZYGOSITY; MUTATION; PROGNOSIS; PROTO-ONCOGENE PROTEINS; TUMOR MARKERS, BIOLOGICAL;

EID: 68349088080     PISSN: 13406868     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s12282-009-0124-x     Document Type: Review

References (141)

1. Cancer Statistics in Japan Editorial Board. Cancer statistics in Japan, Tokyo, 2007. http://ganjoho.jp/public/statistics/backnumber/2008-jp.html.
2. T Fukutomi T Ushijima R Inoue S Akashi-Tanaka T Nanasawa H Tsuda 1997 BRCA1 and BRCA2 germline mutations in Japanese with hereditary breast cancer families Breast Cancer 4 256 258
3. Y Miki J Swensen D Shattuck-Eidens PA Futreal K Harshman S Tavtigian 1994 A strong candidate for the breast and ovarian cancer susceptibility gene BRCA1 Science 266 66 71 (Pubitemid 24345325)
4. SV Tavtigian J Simard J Rommens F Couch D Shattuck-Eidens S Neuhausen 1996 The complete BRCA2 gene and mutations in chromosome 13q-linked kindreds Nat Genet 12 333 337
5. T Katagiri F Kasumi M Yoshimoto T Nomizu K Asaishi R Abe 1998 High proportion of missense mutations of the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes in Japanese breast cancer families J Hum Genet 43 42 48
6. SR Lakhani DF Easton MR Stratton 1997 Breast Cancer Linkage Consortium. Pathology of familial breast cancer: differences between breast cancers in carriers of BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutations and sporadic cases Lancet 349 1505 1510
7. S Noguchi T Kasugai Y Miki T Fukutomi M Emi T Nomizu 1999 Clinicopathologic analysis of BRCA1- or BRCA2-associated hereditary breast carcinoma in Japanese women Cancer 85 2200 2205
8. J Brugarolas T Jacks 1997 Double indemnity: p53, BRCA and cancer. p53 mutation partially rescues developmental arrest in Brca1 and Brca2 null mice, suggesting a role for familial breast cancer genes in DNA damage repair Nat Med 3 721 722
9. T Ohta M Fukuda 2004 Ubiquitin and breast cancer Oncogene 23 2079 2088
10. SA Narod WD Foulkes 2004 BRCA1 and BRCA2: 1994 and beyond Nat Rev Cancer 4 665 676
11. CM Perou T Sorlie MB Eisen M van de Rijn SS Jeffrey CA Rees 2000 Molecular portlaits of human breast tumors Nature 406 747 752
12. T Sorlie CM Perou R Tibshirani T Aas S Geisler H Johnsen 2001 Gene expression patterns of breast carcinomas distinguish tumor subclasses with clinical implications Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 98 10869 10874
13. T Sorlie R Tibshirani J Parker T Hastie JS Marron A Nobel 2003 Repeated observation of breast tumor subtypes in independent gene expression data sets Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 100 8418 8423
14. C Desmedt B Haibe-Kains P Wirapati M Buyse D Larsimont G Bontempi 2008 Biological processes associated with breast cancer clinical outcome depend on the molecular subtypes Clin Cancer Res 14 5158 5165
15. O Fadare FA Tavassoli 2008 Clinical and pathologic aspects of basal-like breast cancers Nat Clin Pract Oncol 5 149 159
16. EA Rakha JS Reis-Filho IO Ellis 2008 Basal-like breast cancer: a critical review J Clin Oncol 26 2568 2581
17. A Goldhirsch W Wood R Gelber A Coates B Thurlimann HJ Senn 2007 Progress and promise: highlights of the international expert consensus on the primary therapy of early breast cancer 2007 Ann Oncol 18 1133 1144
18. National Comprehensive Cancer Network. NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology. Breast Cancer. v.1. 2009, p. 1-121. 2009. www.nccn.org/ professionals/physician-gls/PDF/breast.pdf.
19. DJ Slamon GM Clark SG Wong WJ Levin A Ullrich WL McGuire 1987 Human breast cancer: correlation of relapse and survival with amplification of the HER-2/neu oncogene Science 235 177 182
20. M van de Vijver R van de Bersselaar P Devilee C Cornelisse J Peterse R Nusse 1987 Amplification of the neu (c-erbB-2) oncogene in human mammary tumors is relatively frequent and is often accompanied by amplification of the linked c-erbA oncogene Mol Cell Biol 7 3019 3023
21. MS Berger GW Locher S Sauer WJ Gulluck MD Waterfield B Groner 1988 Correlation of c-erbB-2 gene amplification and protein overexpression in human breast cancer with nodal status and nuclear grading Cancer Res 48 1238 1243
22. H Tsuda S Hirohashi Y Shimosato T Hirota S Tsugane H Yamamoto 1989 Correlation between long-term survival in breast cancer patients and amplification of two putative oncogene-coamplification units: hst-1/int-2 and c-erbB-2/ear-1 Cancer Res 49 3104 3108
23. O-P Kallioniemi A Kallioniemi W Kurisu A Thor LC Chen HS Smith 1992 ERBB2 amplification in breast cancer analyzed by fluorescence in situ hybridization Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 89 5321 5325
24. MS Mitchell MF Press 1999 The role of immunohistochemistry and fluorescence in situ hybridization for HER2/neu in assessing the prognosis of breast cancer Semin Oncol 26 108 116
25. H Tsuda S Hirohashi Y Shimosato T Hirota S Tsugane S Watanabe 1990 Correlation between histologic grade of malignancy and copy number of c-erbB-2 gene in breast carcinoma: a retrospective analysis of 176 cases Cancer 65 1794 1800
26. K Iwaya H Tsuda H Hiraide K Tamaki S Tamakuma T Fukutomi 1991 Nuclear p53 immunoreaction associated with poor prognosis of breast cancer Jpn J Cancer Res 82 835 840
27. M Hollstein D Sidransky B Vogelstein CC Harris 1991 p53 mutations in human cancers Science 253 49 53
28. RJ Osborne GR Merlo T Mitsudomi T Venesio DS Liscia AP Cappa 1991 Mutations in the p53 gene in primary human breast cancers Cancer Res 51 6194 6198
29. H Tsuda K Iwaya T Fukutomi S Hirohashi 1993 p53 mutations and c-erbB-2 amplification in intraductal and invasive breast carcinomas of high histologic grade Jpn J Cancer Res 84 394 401
30. J Bergh T Norberg S Sjogren A Lindgren L Holmberg 1995 Complete sequencing of the p53 gene provides prognostic information in breast cancer patients, particularly in relation to adjuvant systemic therapy and radiotherapy Nat Med 1 1029 1034
31. M Olivier A Langerod P Carrieri J Bergh S Klaar J Eyfjord 2006 The clinical value of somatic TP53 gene mutations in 1, 794 patients with breast cancer Clin Cancer Res 12 1157 1167
32. H Ozcelik D Pinnaduwage SB Bull IL Andrulis 2007 Type of TP53 mutation and ERBB2 amplification affects survival in node-negative breast cancer Breast Cancer Res Treat 105 255 265
33. C Escot C Theillet R Lidereau F Spyratos ME Champeme J Gest 1986 Genetic alteration of the c-myc protooncogene (MYC) in human primary breast carcinomas Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 83 4834 4838
34. IU Ali R Lidereau C Theillet R Callahan 1987 Reduction to homozygosity of genes on chromosome 11 in human breast neoplasia Science 238 185 188
35. L-C Chen A Neubauer W Kurisu FM Waldman B-M Ljung W Goodson III 1991 Loss of heterozygosity on the short arm of chromosome 17 is associated with high proliferative capacity and DNA aneuploidy in primary human breast cancer Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 88 3847 3851
36. P Devilee M van Vliet A Bardoel T KIevits N Kuipers-Dijkshoorn PL Pearson 1991 Frequent somatic imbalance of marker alleles for chromosome 1 in human primary breast carcinoma Cancer Res 51 1020 1025
37. I Bieche MH Champeme F Matifas K Hacene R Callahan R Lidereau 1992 Loss of heterozygosity on chromosome 7q and aggressive primary breast cancer Lancet 339 139 143
38. T Sato A Tanigami K Yamakawa F Akiyama F Kasumi G Sakamoto Y Nakamura 1990 Allelotype of breast cancer: cumulative allele losses promote tumor progression in primary breast cancer Cancer Res 50 7184 7189
39. H Tsuda DF Callen T Fukutomi Y Nakamura S Hirohashi 1994 Allele loss on chromosome 16q24.2-qter occurs frequently in breast cancers irrespectively of differences in phenotype and extent of spread Cancer Res 54 513 517
40. A-M Cleton-Jansen EW Moerland N Kuipers-Dijkshoorn DF Cullen GR Sutherland B Hansen 1994 At least two different regions are involved in allelic imbalance on chromosome arm 16q in breast cancer Genes Chromosomes Cancer 9 101 107
41. K Matsumura A Kallioniemi O Kallioniemi L Chen HC Smith D Pinkel 1992 Deletion of chromosome 17p loci in breast cancer cells detected by fluorescence in situ hybridization Cancer Res 52 3474 3477
42. D Ichikawa N Hashimoto M Hoshima T Yamaguchi K Sawai Y Nakamura 1996 Analysis of numerical alterations in specific chromosomes by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) as a diagnostic tool in breast cancer Cancer 77 2064 2069
43. B Dutrillaux M Gerbault-Seureau Y Remvikos B Zafrani M Prieur 1991 Breast cancer genetic evolution. I. Data from cytogenetics and DNA content Breast Cancer Res Treat 19 245 255
44. N Kokalj-Vokac A Alemeida M Gerbault-Seureau B Malfoy B Dutrillaux 1993 Two-color FISH characterization of i(1q), and der(1;16) in human breast cancer cells Genes Chromosomes Cancer 7 8 14
45. H Tsuarouha N Pandis G Bardi MR Teixeira JA Andersen S Heim 1999 Karyotypic evolution in breast carcinomas with i(1)(q10) and der(1;16)(q10;p10) as the primary chromosome abnormality Cytogenet Cell Genet 113 156 161
46. Y Kanai T Oda H Tsuda A Ochiai S Hirohashi 1994 Point mutation of the E-cadherin gene in invasive lobular carcinoma of the breast Jpn J Cancer Res 85 1035 1039
47. G Berx A-M Cleton-Jansen F Nollet WJF de Leeuw MJ van de Vijver C Cornelisse 1995 E-cadherin is a tumour/invasion suppressor gene mutated in human lobular breast cancers EMBO J 14 6107 6115
48. G Berx A-M Cleton-Jansen K Strumane WJF de Leeuw F Nollet F van Roy 1996 E-cadherin is inactivated in a majority of invasive human lobular breast cancers by truncation mutations throughout its extracellular domain Oncogene 13 1919 1925
49. S Droufakou V Deshmane R Roylance A Hanby I Tomlinson IR Hart 2001 Multiple ways of silencing E-cadherin gene expression in lobular carcinoma of the breast Int J Cancer 92 404 408
50. D Sarrio G Moreno-Bueno D Hardisson C Sanchez-Estevez M Guo JG Herman 2003 Epigenetic and genetic alterations of APC and CDH1 genes in lobular breast cancer: relationships with abnormal E-cadherin and catenin expression and microsatellite instability Int J Cancer 106 208 215
51. A Catteau WH Harris CF Xu E Solomon 1999 Methylation of the BRCA1 promoter region in sporadic breast and ovarian cancer: correlation with disease characteristics Oncogene 18 1957 1965
52. M Esteller JM Silva G Dominguez F Bonilla X Matias-Guiu E Lerma 2000 Promoter hypermethylation and BRCA1 inactivation in sporadic breast and ovarian tumors J Natl Cancer Inst 92 564 569
53. K Miyamoto T Fukutomi K Asada K Wakazono H Tsuda T Asahara 2002 Promoter hypermethylation and post-transcriptional mechanisms responsible for reduced BRCA1 immunoreactivity in sporadic human breast cancers Jpn J Clin Oncol 32 79 84
54. S Staff J Isola M Tanner 2003 Haplo-insufficiency of BRCA1 in sporadic breast cancer Cancer Res 63 4978 4983
55. M Wei TA Grushko J Dignam F Hagos R Nanda L Sveen 2005 BRCA1 promoter methylation in sporadic breast cancer is associated with reduced BRCA1 copy number and chromosome 17 aneusomy Cancer Res 65 10692 10699
56. S Fukushige K Matsubara M Yoshida M Sasaki T Suzuki K Semba 1986 Localization of a novel v-erbB-related gene, c-erbB-2, on human chromosome 17 and its amplification is a gastric cancer cell line Mol Cell Biol 6 955 958
57. A Kallioniemi OP Kallioniemi J Piper M Tanner T Stokke L Chen 1994 Detection and mapping of amplified DNA sequences in breast cancer by comparative genomic hybridization Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 91 2156 2160
58. J Inazawa D Ichikawa Y Date 1996 New technology in cytolopathology. Analysis of chromosomal abnormalities by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and cancer cytopathology for cytopathological specimens of breast cancer Byouri to Rinsho 14 1240 1246 (in Japanese)
59. F Courjal C Theillet 1997 Comparative genomic hybridization analysis of breast tumors with predetermined profiles of DNA amplification Cancer Res 57 4368 4377
60. H Tsuda T Takarabe N Susumu J Inazawa S Okada S Hirohashi 1997 Detection of numerical and structural alterations and fusion of chromosomes 16 and 1 in low-grade papillary breast carcinoma by fluorescence in situ hybridization Am J Pathol 151 1027 1034
61. M Tirkkonen M Tanner R Karhu A Kallioniemi J Isola OP Kallioniemi 1998 Molecular cytogenetics of primary breast cancer by CGH Genes Chromosomes Cancer 21 177 184
62. H Tsuda T Takarabe S Hirohashi 1999 Correlation of the numerical and structural status of chromosome 16 with the histological type and grade of non-invasive and invasive breast carcinomas Int J Cancer 84 381 387
63. TL Nailor J Greshock Y Wang T Colligon V Clemmer TZ Zaks 2005 High resolution genomic analysis of sporadic breast cancer using array-based comparative genomic hybridization Breast Cancer Res 7 R1186 R1198
64. R Roylance P Gorman T Papior YL Wan M Ives JE Watson 2006 A comprehensive study of chromosome 16q in invasive ductal and lobular breast carcinoma using array CGH Oncogene 25 6544 6553
65. J Climent JL Garcia JH Mao J Arsuaga J Perez-Losada 2007 Characterization of breast cancer by array comparative genomic hybridization Biochem Cell Biol 85 497 508
66. H Tsuda T Takarabe T Fukutomi S Hirohashi 1999 der(16)t(1;16)/der(1;16) in breast cancer detected by fluorescence in situ hybridization is an indicator of better patient prognosis Genes Chromosomes Cancer 24 72 77
67. T Yamamoto S Ikawa T Akiyama K Semba N Nomura N Miyajima 1986 Similarity of protein encoded by the human c-erb-B-2 gene to epidermal growth factor receptor Nature 319 230 234 (Pubitemid 16128786)
68. Q Jin FJ Esteva 2008 Cross-talk between the ErbB/HER family and the type I insulin-like growth factor receptor signaling pathway in breast cancer J Mammary Gland Biol Neoplasia 13 485 498
69. H Tsuda 2006 HER-2 (c-erbB-2) test update: present status and problems Breast Cancer 13 236 248
70. S Paik J Bryant E Tan-Chiu G Yothers C Park DL Wickerham 2000 HER2 and choice of adjuvant chemotherapy for invasive breast cancer: national surgical adjuvant breast and bowel project protocol B-15 J Natl Cancer Inst 92 1991 1998
71. M Toi S Nakamura K Kuroi H Iwata S Ohno N Masuda 2008 Phase II study of preoperative sequential FEC and docetaxel predicts of pathological response and disease free survival Breast Cancer Res Treat 110 531 539
72. MJ van de Vijver JL Peterse WJ Mooi P Wisman J Lomans O Dalesio 1988 Neu-protein overexpression in breast cancer. Association with comedo-type ductal carcinoma in situ and limited prognostic value in stage II breast cancer N Engl J Med 319 1239 1245
73. H Tsuda T Fukutomi S Hirohashi 1995 Pattern of gene alterations in intraductal breast neoplasms associated with histological type and grade Clin Cancer Res 1 261 267
74. H Tsuda S Hirohashi 1998 Multiple developmental pathways to highly aggressive breast cancers disclosed by comparison of histologic grades and c-erbB-2 expression patterns in both the intraductal and invasive portions Pathol Int 48 518 525
75. AG Knudson Jr HW Hethcote BW Brown 1975 Mutation and childhood cancer: a probabilistic model for the incidence of retinoblastoma Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 72 5116 5120
76. S Srivastava ZQ Zou K Pirollo W Blattner EH Chang 1990 Germ-line transmission of a mutated p53 gene in a cancer-prone family with Li-Fraumeni syndrome Nature 348 747 749
77. D Malkin FP Li LC Strong JF Fraumeni Jr CE Nelson DH Kim 1990 Germ line p53 mutations in a familial syndrome of breast cancer, sarcomas, and other neoplasms Science 250 1233 1238 erratum in science. 1993;259:878.
78. LA Donehower A Bradley 1993 The tumor suppressor p53 Biochim Biophys Acta 1155 181 205
79. AJ Levine 1997 p53, the cellular gatekeeper for growth and division Cell 88 323 331
80. M Oren TM Gottlieb M Oren 1996 p53 in growth control and neoplasia Biochim Biophys Acta 1287 77 102
81. F Toledo GM Wahl 2006 Regulating the p53 pathway: in vitro and in vivo veritas Nat Rev Cancer 6 909 923
82. H Tsuda S Hirohashi 1994 Association among p53 gene mutation, nuclear accumulation of the p53 protein and aggressive phenotypes in breast cancer Int J Cancer 57 498 503
83. A Vincent-Salomon N Gruel C Lucchesi G MacGrogan R Dendale B Sigal-Zafrani 2007 Identification of typical medullary breast carcinoma as a genomic sub-group of basal-like carcinomas, a heterogeneous new molecular entity Breast Cancer Res 9 R24
84. S Hirohashi 1998 Inactivation of the E-cadherin-mediated cell adhesion system in human cancers Am J Pathol 153 333 339
85. DE Stange B Radlwimmer F Schubert F Traub A Pich G Toedt 2006 High-resolution genomic profiling reveals association of chromosomal aberrations on 1q and 16p with histologic and genetic subgroups of invasive breast cancer Clin Cancer Res 12 345 352
86. AM Cleton-Jansen H Buerger N Haar K Philippo MJ van de Vijver W Boecker 2004 Different mechanisms of chromosome 16 loss of heterozygosity in well- versus poorly differentiated ductal breast cancer Genes Chromosomes Cancer 41 109 116
87. H Tsuda Y Uei T Fukutomi S Hirohashi 1994 Different incidence of loss of heterozygosity on chromosome 16q between intraductal papilloma and intracystic papillary carcinoma of the breast Jpn J Cancer Res 85 992 996
88. SR Lakhani N Collins MR Stratton JP Sloane 1995 Atypical ductal hyperplasia of the breast: clonal proliferation with loss of heterozygosity on chromosomes 16q and 17p J Clin Pathol 48 611 615
89. H Tsuda T Takarabe S Akashi-Tanaka T Fukutomi S Hirohashi 2001 Pattern of loss of heterozygosity on chromosome 16q differs between an atypical proliferative lesion and a ductal carcinoma which occurred metachronously at the same area of the breast Mod Pathol 14 382 388
90. H Tsuda T Takarabe T Fukutomi S Hirohashi 2000 Preferential occurrence of breast carcinomas with loss of 16q and der(16)t(1;16)/der(1;16) in middle-aged patients with hyperproliferative changes in mammary glands Jpn J Cancer Res 91 692 699
91. H Tsuda C Sakamaki S Tsugane T Fukutomi S Hirohashi 1998 A prospective study on the significance of gene and chromosome alterations as prognostic indicators of breast cancer patients with lymph node metastases Breast Cancer Res Treat 48 21 32
92. M Emi M Yoshimoto T Sato S Matsumoto Y Utada I Ito 1999 et al. Allelic loss at 1p34, 13q12, 17p13.3, and 17q21.1 correlates with poor postoperative prognosis in breast cancer Genes Chromosomes Cancer 26 134 141
93. Y Utada M Emi M Yoshimoto F Kasumi F Akiyama G Sakamoto 2000 Allelic loss at 1p34-36 predicts poor prognosis in node-negative breast cancer Clin Cancer Res 6 3193 3198
94. L Melchor J Benitez 2008 An integrative hypothesis about the origin oand development of sporadic and familial breast cancer subtypes Carcinogenesis 29 1475 1482
95. J Adelaide P Finetti I Rekhoushe L Repellini J Geneix F Sircoulomb 2007 Integrated profiling of basal and luminal breast cancers Cancer Res 67 11565 11575
96. The Japanese Breast Cancer Society. General rules for clinical and pathological recording of breast cancer, the 16th edn. Kanehara Shuppan: Tokyo; 2008 (in Japanese).
97. World Health Organization. Tumours of the breast. In: Tavassoli FA, Devilee P, editors. Pathology and genetics of tumours of the breast and female genital organs. Lyon: IARC Press; 2003. p. 9-112.
98. Rosen PP. The pathology of invasive breast carcinoma. In: Harris JR, Hellman S, Henderson IC, Kinne DW, editors. Breast diseases. 2nd edn. Philadelphia: J. B. Lippincott; 1991. p. 245-96.
99. S Akashi-Tanaka T Fukutomi T Nanasawa K Matsuo T Hasegawa H Tsuda 2000 Treatment of noninvasive carcinoma: fifteen-year results at the National Cancer Center Hospital in Tokyo Breast Cancer 7 341 344
100. Rosen PP. Intraductal carcinoma. In: Rosen PP, editor. Rosen's breast pathology. 2nd edn. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2001. p. 253-323.
101. H Buerger F Otterbach R Simon C Poremba R Diallo T Decker 1999 Comparative genomic hybridization of ductal carcinoma in situ of the breast-evidence of multiple genetic pathways J Pathol 187 396 402
102. A Vincent-Salomon C Lucchesi N Gruel V Raynal G Pierron 2008 Integrated genomic and transcriptomic analysis of ductal carcinoma in situ of the breast Clin Cancer Res 14 1956 1965
103. SR Lakhani N Collins JP Sloane MR Stratton 1995 Loss of heterozygosity in lobular carcinoma in situ of the breast J Clin Pathol Mol Pathol 48 M74 M78
104. SK Mohsin PO O'Connell DC Alled AL Libby 2005 Biomarker profile and genetic abnormalities in lobular carcinoma in situ Breast Cancer Res Treat 90 249 256
105. M Volante A Sapino S Croce G Bussolati 2003 Heterogeneous versus homogeneous genetic nature of multiple foci of in situ carcinoma of the breast Hum Pathol 34 1163 1169
106. Page DL, Sakamoto G. Infiltrating carcinoma: major histologicaltypes. In: Page DL, Anderson TJ, editors. Diagnostic histopathology of the breast. Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone; 1987. p. 193-205.
107. HJG Bloom WW Richardson 1957 Histological grading and prognosis in breast cancer Br J Cancer 11 359 377
108. CW Elston IO Ellis 1991 Pathologic prognostic factors in breast cancer. I. The value of histological grade in breast cancer: experience from a large study with long-term follow-up Histopathology 19 403 410
109. V Le Doussal M Tubiana-Hulin S Friedman K Hacene F Spyratos M Brunet 1989 Prognostic value of histologic grade nuclear components of Scarff-Bloom- Richardson (SBR). An improved score modification based on a multivariate analysis of 1262 invasive ductal breast carcinomas Cancer 64 1914 1921
110. H Tsuda 2008 Individualization of breast cancer based on histopathological features and molecular alterations Breast Cancer 15 121 132
111. M Yoshimoto G Sakamoto Y Ohashi 1993 Time dependency of the influence of prognostic factors on relapse in breast cancer Cancer 72 2993 3001
112. TO Nielsen FD Hsu K Jense M Cheang G Karaca Z Hu 2004 Immunohistochemical and clinical characterization of the basal-like subtype of invasive breast carcinoma Clin Cancer Res 10 5367 5374
113. H Tsuda D Morita M Kimura E Shinto Y Ohtsuka O Matsubara 2005 Correlation of KIT and EGFR overexpression with invasive ductal carcinoma of solid-tubular subtype, nuclear grade 3, and mesenchymal or myoepithelial differentiation in breast cancer Cancer Sci 96 48 53
114. EA Rakha TC Putti DM Abd El-Rehim C Paish AR Green DG Powe 2006 Morphological and immunophenotypic analysis of breast carcinomas with basal and myoepithelial differentiation J Pathol 208 495 506
115. DM Abd El-Rehim SE Pinder CE Paish J Bell RW Blamey JF Robertson 2004 Expression of luminal and basal cytokeratins in human breast carcinoma J Pathol 203 661 671
116. JS Reis-Filho AN Tutt 2008 Triple negative tumours: a critical review Histopathology 52 108 118
117. RH Wetzels HJ Kuijpers EB Lane IM Leigh SM Troyanovsky R Holland UJ van Haelst FC Ramaekers 1991 Basal cell-specific and hyperproliferation-related keratins in human breast cancer Am J Pathol 138 751 763
118. H Tsuda T Takarabe T Hasegawa T Murata S Hirohashi 1999 Myoepithelial features in high-grade invasive ductal carcinomas with large central acellular zones Hum Pathol 30 1134 1139
119. H Tsuda T Takarabe F Hasegawa T Fukutomi S Hirohashi 2000 Large central acellular zones indicating myoepithelial tumor differentiation in high-grade invasive ductal carcinomas as markers of predisposition to lung and brain metastases Am J Surg Pathol 24 197 202
120. DC Allred GM Clark AK Tandon R Molina DC Tormey CK Osborne 1992 HER-2/neu in node-negative breast cancer: prognostic significance of overexpression influenced by the presence of in situ carcinoma J Clin Oncol 10 599 605
121. JM Anderson R Ariga H Govil KJ Bloom D Francescatti VB Reddy 2003 Assessment of Her-2/Neu status by immunohistochemistry and fluorescence in situ hybridization in mammary Paget disease and underlying carcinoma Appl Immunohistochem Mol Morphol 11 120 124
122. NC Turner JS Reis-Filho 2006 Basal-like breast cancer and the BRCA1 phenotype Oncogene 25 5846 5853
123. J Jacquemier L Padovani L Rabayrol SR Lakhani F Penault-Llorca Y Denoux 2005 Typical medullary breast carcinomas have a basal/myoepithelial phenotype J Pathol 207 260 268
124. S Azoulay M Laé P Fréneaux S Merle A Al Ghuzlan C Chnecker 2005 KIT is highly expressed in adenoid cystic carcinoma of the breast, a basal-like carcinoma associated with a favorable outcome Mod Pathol 18 1623 1631
125. JS Reis-Filho F Milanezi D Steele K Savage PT Simpson JM Nesland 2006 Metaplastic breast carcinomas are basal-like tumours Histopathology 49 10 21
126. FP O'Malley A Bane 2008 An update on apocrine lesions of the breast Histopathology 52 3 10
127. AM Hanby TA Hughes 2008 In situ and invasive lobular neoplasia of the breast Histopathology 52 58 66
128. Tavassoli FA. Infiltrating carcinoma: common and familiar special types. In: Tavassoli FA, editor. Pathology of the breast. 2nd ed. McGraw-Hill: New York; 1999. p. 401-80.
129. D Flagiello M Gerbault-Seureau X Sastre-Garau E Padoy P Vielh B Dutrillaux 1998 Highly recurrent der(1;16)(q10;p10) and other 16q arm alterations in lobular breast cancer Genes Chromosomes Cancer 23 300 306
130. DT Wheeler LH Tai GL Bratthauer DL Waldner FA Tavassoli 2004 Tubulolobular carcinoma of the breast: an analysis of 27 cases of a tumor with a hybrid morphology and immunoprofile Am J Surg Pathol 8 1587 1593
131. H Kuroda J Tamaru I Takeuchi K Ohnisi G Sakamoto A Adachi 2006 Expression of E-cadherin, alpha-catenin, and beta-catenin in tubulolobular carcinoma of the breast Virchows Arch 448 500 505
132. NN Esposito M Chivukula DJ Dabbs 2007 The ductal phenotypic expression of the E-cadherin/catenin complex in tubulolobular carcinoma of the breast: an immunohistochemical and clinicopathologic study Mod Pathol 20 130 138
133. RL Ridolfi PP Rosen A Port D Kinne V Miké 1977 Medullary carcinoma of the breast: a clinicopathologic study with 10 year follow-up Cancer 40 1365 1385
134. SR Lakhani J Jacquemier JP Sloane BA Gusterson TJ Anderson MJ van de Vijver 1998 Multifactorial analysis of differences between sporadic breast cancers and cancers involving BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations J Natl Cancer Inst 90 1138 1145
135. Y Miyoshi K Murase K Oh 2008 Basal-like subtype and BRCA1 dysfunction in breast cancers Int J Clin Oncol 13 395 400
136. NC Turner JS Reis-Filho AM Russell RJ Springall K Ryder D Steele 2007 BRCA1 dysfunction in sporadic basal-like breast cancer Oncogene 26 2126 2132
137. F Magdinier S Ribieras GM Lenoir L Frappart R Dante 1998 Down-regulation of BRCA1 in human sporadic breast cancer; analysis of DNA methylation patterns of the putative promoter region Oncogene 17 3169 3176
138. B Weigelt HM Horlings B Kreike MM Hayes M Hauptmann LF Wessels 2008 Refinement of breast cancer classification by molecular characterization of histological special types J Pathol 216 141 150
139. DL Page IO Ellis CW Elston 1995 Histologic grading of breast cancer. Let's do it Am J Clin Pathol 103 123 124
140. H Koyama K Asaishi M Yoshimoto K Enomoto H Yamamoto M Uchida 1989 Recurrence of node-negative breast cancer Nyugan no Rinsho 4 69 75 (in Japanese)
141. T Watanabe M Sano S Takashima T Kitaya Y Tokuda M Yoshimoto 2009 Oral uracil-tegafur (UFT) compared with classical cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, 5-fluorouracil (CMF) as postoperative chemotherapy in patients with node-negative, high-risk breast cancer: Results from national surgical adjuvant study for breast cancer (N-SAS-BC) 01 trial J Clin Oncol 27 1368 1374