메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 137, Issue 5, 2009, Pages 1623-1639

Method for identifying the sensitive areas in targeted observations for tropical cyclone prediction: Conditional nonlinear optimal perturbation

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CONDITIONAL NONLINEAR OPTIMAL PERTURBATION; HUMIDITY CHANGE; INITIAL STATE; LINEAR SINGULAR VECTOR; NATURAL EXTENSION; NON-LINEAR REGIMES; NONLINEAR EVOLUTIONS; SENSITIVE AREA; SINGULAR VECTORS; SPATIAL STRUCTURE; TROPICAL CYCLONE; TROPICAL CYCLONE PREDICTIONS; TYPE ERRORS;

EID: 68249155000     PISSN: 00270644     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1175/2008MWR2640.1     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (132)

References (65)
  • 1
    • 0036821322 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Two years of operational hurricane synoptic surveillance
    • Aberson, S. D., 2002: Two years of operational hurricane synoptic surveillance. Wea. Forecasting, 17, 1101-1110.
    • (2002) Wea. Forecasting , vol.17 , pp. 1101-1110
    • Aberson, S.D.1
  • 2
    • 33750484698 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Structure, growth rates, and tangent linear accuracy of adjoint sensitivities with respect to horizontal and vertical resolution
    • Ancell, B. C., and C. F. Mass, 2006: Structure, growth rates, and tangent linear accuracy of adjoint sensitivities with respect to horizontal and vertical resolution. Mon. Wea. Rev., 134, 2971-2988.
    • (2006) Mon. Wea. Rev , vol.134 , pp. 2971-2988
    • Ancell, B.C.1    Mass, C.F.2
  • 3
    • 0030390130 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Constructing fast-growing perturbations for the nonlinear regime
    • Barkmeijer, J., 1996: Constructing fast-growing perturbations for the nonlinear regime. J. Atmos. Sci., 53, 2838-2851.
    • (1996) J. Atmos. Sci , vol.53 , pp. 2838-2851
    • Barkmeijer, J.1
  • 5
    • 0042126843 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Forcing singular vectors and other sensitive model structures
    • Barkmeijer, J., T. Iversen, and T. N. Palmer, 2003: Forcing singular vectors and other sensitive model structures. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 129, 2401-2423.
    • (2003) Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc , vol.129 , pp. 2401-2423
    • Barkmeijer, J.1    Iversen, T.2    Palmer, T.N.3
  • 6
    • 0033496754 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Adaptive observations during FASTEX: A systematic survey of upstream flights
    • Bergot, T., 1999: Adaptive observations during FASTEX: A systematic survey of upstream flights. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 125, 3271-3298.
    • (1999) Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc , vol.125 , pp. 3271-3298
    • Bergot, T.1
  • 7
    • 0032693541 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Adaptive observations: A feasibility study
    • Bergot, T., G. Hello, A. Joly, and S. Malardel, 1999: Adaptive observations: A feasibility study. Mon. Wea. Rev., 127, 743-765.
    • (1999) Mon. Wea. Rev , vol.127 , pp. 743-765
    • Bergot, T.1    Hello, G.2    Joly, A.3    Malardel, S.4
  • 8
    • 18044400238 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Algorithm 813: SPG - software for convex-constrained optimization
    • Birgin, E. G., J. E. Martinez, and R. Marcos, 2001: Algorithm 813: SPG - software for convex-constrained optimization. ACM Trans. Math. Softw., 27, 340-349.
    • (2001) ACM Trans. Math. Softw , vol.27 , pp. 340-349
    • Birgin, E.G.1    Martinez, J.E.2    Marcos, R.3
  • 9
    • 0033149819 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ensemble transformation and adaptive observations
    • Bishop, C. H., and Z. Toth, 1999: Ensemble transformation and adaptive observations. J. Atmos. Sci., 56, 1748-1765.
    • (1999) J. Atmos. Sci , vol.56 , pp. 1748-1765
    • Bishop, C.H.1    Toth, Z.2
  • 10
    • 0035270690 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Adaptive sampling with the ensemble transform Kalman filter. Part I: Theoretical aspects
    • Bishop, C. H., B. J. Etherton, and S. J. Majumdar, 2001: Adaptive sampling with the ensemble transform Kalman filter. Part I: Theoretical aspects. Mon. Wea. Rev., 129, 420-436.
    • (2001) Mon. Wea. Rev , vol.129 , pp. 420-436
    • Bishop, C.H.1    Etherton, B.J.2    Majumdar, S.J.3
  • 11
    • 0031457301 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The impact of increased resolution on predictabiity studies with singular vectors
    • Buizza, R., R. Gelaro, F. Molteni, and T. N. Palmer, 1997: The impact of increased resolution on predictabiity studies with singular vectors. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 123, 1007-1033.
    • (1997) Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc , vol.123 , pp. 1007-1033
    • Buizza, R.1    Gelaro, R.2    Molteni, F.3    Palmer, T.N.4
  • 12
    • 36749067943 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The value of targeted observations. Part II: The value of observations taken in singular vectors-based target areas
    • Buizza, R., C. Cardinali, G. Kelly, and J. Thépaut, 2007: The value of targeted observations. Part II: The value of observations taken in singular vectors-based target areas. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 133, 1817-1832.
    • (2007) Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc , vol.133 , pp. 1817-1832
    • Buizza, R.1    Cardinali, C.2    Kelly, G.3    Thépaut, J.4
  • 13
    • 0001040404 scopus 로고
    • Tropical cyclone activity in the western North Pacific in relation to the stratospheric quasi-biennial oscillation
    • Chan, J. C. L., 1995: Tropical cyclone activity in the western North Pacific in relation to the stratospheric quasi-biennial oscillation. Mon. Wea. Rev., 123, 2567-2571.
    • (1995) Mon. Wea. Rev , vol.123 , pp. 2567-2571
    • Chan, J.C.L.1
  • 14
    • 0034253145 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tropical cyclone activity over the western North Pacific associated with El Niño and La Niña events
    • Chan, J. C. L., 2000: Tropical cyclone activity over the western North Pacific associated with El Niño and La Niña events. J. Climate, 13, 2960-2972.
    • (2000) J. Climate , vol.13 , pp. 2960-2972
    • Chan, J.C.L.1
  • 15
    • 0242275270 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The relationship between storm motion, vertical wind shear, and convective asymmetries in tropical cyclones
    • Corbosiero, K. L., and J. Molinari, 2003: The relationship between storm motion, vertical wind shear, and convective asymmetries in tropical cyclones. J. Atmos. Sci., 60, 366-376.
    • (2003) J. Atmos. Sci , vol.60 , pp. 366-376
    • Corbosiero, K.L.1    Molinari, J.2
  • 16
    • 33845934373 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Investigating decadal variability of El Niño-Southern Oscillation asymmetry by conditional nonlinear optimal perturbation
    • doi:10.1029/2005JC003458
    • Duan, W. S., and M. Mu, 2006: Investigating decadal variability of El Niño-Southern Oscillation asymmetry by conditional nonlinear optimal perturbation. J. Geophys. Res., 111, C07015, doi:10.1029/2005JC003458.
    • (2006) J. Geophys. Res , vol.111
    • Duan, W.S.1    Mu, M.2
  • 17
    • 14644403648 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Conditional nonlinear optimal perturbations as the optimal precursors for El Niño-Southern Oscillation events
    • doi:10.1029/2004JD004756
    • Duan, W. S., M. Mu, and B. Wang, 2004: Conditional nonlinear optimal perturbations as the optimal precursors for El Niño-Southern Oscillation events. J. Geophys. Res., 109, D23105, doi:10.1029/2004JD004756.
    • (2004) J. Geophys. Res , vol.109
    • Duan, W.S.1    Mu, M.2    Wang, B.3
  • 18
    • 0027838070 scopus 로고
    • A nonhydrostatic version of the Penn State/NCAR Mesoscale Model: Validation tests and simulation of an Atlantic cyclone and cold front
    • Dudhia, J., 1993: A nonhydrostatic version of the Penn State/NCAR Mesoscale Model: Validation tests and simulation of an Atlantic cyclone and cold front. Mon. Wea. Rev., 121, 1493-1513.
    • (1993) Mon. Wea. Rev , vol.121 , pp. 1493-1513
    • Dudhia, J.1
  • 19
    • 0029529989 scopus 로고
    • Mesoscale predictability and the spectrum of optimal perturbations
    • Ehrendorfer, M., and R. M. Errico, 1995: Mesoscale predictability and the spectrum of optimal perturbations. J. Atmos. Sci., 52, 3475-3500.
    • (1995) J. Atmos. Sci , vol.52 , pp. 3475-3500
    • Ehrendorfer, M.1    Errico, R.M.2
  • 20
    • 0033150077 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Singular-vector perturbation growth in a primitive equation model with moist physics
    • Ehrendorfer, M., R. M. Errico, and K. D. Raeder, 1999: Singular-vector perturbation growth in a primitive equation model with moist physics. J. Atmos. Sci., 56, 1627-1648.
    • (1999) J. Atmos. Sci , vol.56 , pp. 1627-1648
    • Ehrendorfer, M.1    Errico, R.M.2    Raeder, K.D.3
  • 22
    • 0026489379 scopus 로고
    • The impact of omega dropwindsonde observations on barotropic hurricane track forecasts
    • Franklin, J. L., and M. DeMaria, 1992: The impact of omega dropwindsonde observations on barotropic hurricane track forecasts. Mon. Wea. Rev., 120, 381-391.
    • (1992) Mon. Wea. Rev , vol.120 , pp. 381-391
    • Franklin, J.L.1    DeMaria, M.2
  • 23
    • 33847361093 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The predictability of extratropical storm tracks and the sensitivity of their prediction to the observing system
    • Froude, L. S. R., L. Bengtsson, and K. I. Hodges, 2007: The predictability of extratropical storm tracks and the sensitivity of their prediction to the observing system. Mon. Wea. Rev., 135, 315-333.
    • (2007) Mon. Wea. Rev , vol.135 , pp. 315-333
    • Froude, L.S.R.1    Bengtsson, L.2    Hodges, K.I.3
  • 24
    • 0033497388 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An assessment of the singular-vector approach to targeted observations using the FASTEX dataset
    • Gelaro, R., R. H. Langland, G. D. Rohaly, and T. E. Rosmond, 1999: An assessment of the singular-vector approach to targeted observations using the FASTEX dataset. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 125, 3299-3327.
    • (1999) Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc , vol.125 , pp. 3299-3327
    • Gelaro, R.1    Langland, R.H.2    Rohaly, G.D.3    Rosmond, T.E.4
  • 25
    • 0036566314 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Singular vector calculations with an analysis error variance metric
    • Gelaro, R., T. Rosmond, and R. Daley, 2002: Singular vector calculations with an analysis error variance metric. Mon. Wea. Rev., 130, 1166-1186.
    • (2002) Mon. Wea. Rev , vol.130 , pp. 1166-1186
    • Gelaro, R.1    Rosmond, T.2    Daley, R.3
  • 26
    • 0036611627 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Using improved background-error covariance from an ensemble Kalman filter for adaptive observations
    • Hamill, T. M., and C. Snyder, 2002: Using improved background-error covariance from an ensemble Kalman filter for adaptive observations. Mon. Wea. Rev., 130, 1552-1572.
    • (2002) Mon. Wea. Rev , vol.130 , pp. 1552-1572
    • Hamill, T.M.1    Snyder, C.2
  • 28
    • 33846855326 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Using 4d-VAR to move a simulated tropical cyclone in a mesoscale model
    • Hoffman, R. N., 2006: Using 4d-VAR to move a simulated tropical cyclone in a mesoscale model. Comput. Math. Appl., 52 (8-9), 1193-1204.
    • (2006) Comput. Math. Appl , vol.52 , Issue.8-9 , pp. 1193-1204
    • Hoffman, R.N.1
  • 29
    • 33746875521 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The response of damaging winds of a simulated tropical cyclone to finite amplitude perturbations of different variables
    • Hoffman, R. N., J. M. Henderson, S. M. Leidner, C. Grassotti, and T. Nehrkorn, 2006: The response of damaging winds of a simulated tropical cyclone to finite amplitude perturbations of different variables. J. Atmos. Sci., 63, 1924-1937.
    • (2006) J. Atmos. Sci , vol.63 , pp. 1924-1937
    • Hoffman, R.N.1    Henderson, J.M.2    Leidner, S.M.3    Grassotti, C.4    Nehrkorn, T.5
  • 30
    • 27744583241 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Moist singular vectors and the predictability of some high impact European cyclones
    • Hoskins, B. J., and M. M. Coutinho, 2005: Moist singular vectors and the predictability of some high impact European cyclones. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 131, 581-601.
    • (2005) Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc , vol.131 , pp. 581-601
    • Hoskins, B.J.1    Coutinho, M.M.2
  • 31
    • 0031447560 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Fronts and Atlantic Storm-Track Experiment (FASTEX): Scientific objectives and experimental design
    • Joly, A., and Coauthors, 1997: The Fronts and Atlantic Storm-Track Experiment (FASTEX): Scientific objectives and experimental design. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 78, 1917-1940.
    • (1997) Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc , vol.78 , pp. 1917-1940
    • Joly, A.1
  • 32
    • 2042452465 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evolution of analysis error and adjoint-based sensitivities: Implications for adaptive observations
    • Kim, H. M., M. C. Morgan, and R. E. Morss, 2004: Evolution of analysis error and adjoint-based sensitivities: Implications for adaptive observations. J. Atmos. Sci., 61, 795-812.
    • (2004) J. Atmos. Sci , vol.61 , pp. 795-812
    • Kim, H.M.1    Morgan, M.C.2    Morss, R.E.3
  • 33
    • 0039675574 scopus 로고
    • A numerical study of the vortex motion with barotropic models
    • Kitade, T., 1981: A numerical study of the vortex motion with barotropic models. J. Meteor. Soc. Japan, 59, 801-807.
    • (1981) J. Meteor. Soc. Japan , vol.59 , pp. 801-807
    • Kitade, T.1
  • 34
    • 34247191875 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Issues in targeted observing
    • Langland, R. H., 2005: Issues in targeted observing. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 131, 3409-3425.
    • (2005) Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc , vol.131 , pp. 3409-3425
    • Langland, R.H.1
  • 35
    • 0000993297 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The North Pacific Experiment (NORPEX-98): Targeted observations for improved North American weather forecasts
    • Langland, R. H., and Coauthors, 1999a: The North Pacific Experiment (NORPEX-98): Targeted observations for improved North American weather forecasts. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 80, 1363-1384.
    • (1999) Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc , vol.80 , pp. 1363-1384
    • Langland, R.H.1
  • 36
    • 0033512437 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Targeted observations in FASTEX: Adjoint based targeting procedures and data impact experiments in IOP/7 and IOP/8
    • Langland, R. H., R. Gelaro, G. D. Rohaly, and M. A. Shapiro, 1999b: Targeted observations in FASTEX: Adjoint based targeting procedures and data impact experiments in IOP/7 and IOP/8. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 125, 3241-3270.
    • (1999) Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc , vol.125 , pp. 3241-3270
    • Langland, R.H.1    Gelaro, R.2    Rohaly, G.D.3    Shapiro, M.A.4
  • 37
    • 0032004313 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Optimal sites for supplementary weather observations: Simulation with a small model
    • Lorenz, E. N., and K. A. Emanuel, 1998: Optimal sites for supplementary weather observations: Simulation with a small model. J. Atmos. Sci., 55, 399-414.
    • (1998) J. Atmos. Sci , vol.55 , pp. 399-414
    • Lorenz, E.N.1    Emanuel, K.A.2
  • 38
    • 0035862626 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Idealized adaptive observation strategies for improving numerical weather prediction
    • Morss, R. E., K. A. Emanuel, and C. Snyder, 2001: Idealized adaptive observation strategies for improving numerical weather prediction. J. Atmos. Sci., 58, 210-232.
    • (2001) J. Atmos. Sci , vol.58 , pp. 210-232
    • Morss, R.E.1    Emanuel, K.A.2    Snyder, C.3
  • 39
    • 3042674339 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A new approach to studying ENSO predictability: Conditional nonlinear optimal perturbation
    • Mu, M., and W. S. Duan, 2003: A new approach to studying ENSO predictability: Conditional nonlinear optimal perturbation. Chin. Sci. Bull., 48, 747-749.
    • (2003) Chin. Sci. Bull , vol.48 , pp. 747-749
    • Mu, M.1    Duan, W.S.2
  • 40
    • 33745405174 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Conditional nonlinear optimal perturbations of a barotropic model
    • Mu, M., and Z. Y. Zhang, 2006: Conditional nonlinear optimal perturbations of a barotropic model. J. Atmos. Sci., 63, 1587-1604.
    • (2006) J. Atmos. Sci , vol.63 , pp. 1587-1604
    • Mu, M.1    Zhang, Z.Y.2
  • 41
    • 46449085937 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A new method to generate the initial perturbations in ensemble forecast: Conditional nonlinear optimal perturbations
    • Mu, M., and Z. N. Jiang, 2008: A new method to generate the initial perturbations in ensemble forecast: Conditional nonlinear optimal perturbations. Chin. Sci. Bull., 53, 2062-2068.
    • (2008) Chin. Sci. Bull , vol.53 , pp. 2062-2068
    • Mu, M.1    Jiang, Z.N.2
  • 42
    • 8744256430 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The sensitivity and stability of the ocean's thermohaline circulation to finite amplitude perturbations
    • Mu, M., L. Sun, and D. A. Hank, 2004: The sensitivity and stability of the ocean's thermohaline circulation to finite amplitude perturbations. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 34, 2305-2315.
    • (2004) J. Phys. Oceanogr , vol.34 , pp. 2305-2315
    • Mu, M.1    Sun, L.2    Hank, D.A.3
  • 43
    • 48649105301 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A preliminary application of conditional nonlinear optimal perturbation to adaptive observation
    • Mu, M., H. L. Wang, and F. F. Zhou, 2007a: A preliminary application of conditional nonlinear optimal perturbation to adaptive observation. Chin. J. Atmos. Sci., 31, 1102-1112.
    • (2007) Chin. J. Atmos. Sci , vol.31 , pp. 1102-1112
    • Mu, M.1    Wang, H.L.2    Zhou, F.F.3
  • 44
    • 34547178326 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A kind of initial errors related to "spring predictability barrier" for El Niño events in Zebiak-Cane model
    • doi:10.1029/2006GL027412
    • Mu, M., H. Xu, and W. S. Duan, 2007b: A kind of initial errors related to "spring predictability barrier" for El Niño events in Zebiak-Cane model. Geophys. Res. Lett., 34, L03709, doi:10.1029/2006GL027412.
    • (2007) Geophys. Res. Lett , vol.34
    • Mu, M.1    Xu, H.2    Duan, W.S.3
  • 45
    • 0031805967 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Predictability of the onset of blocking and strong zonal flow regimes
    • Oortwijn, J., 1998: Predictability of the onset of blocking and strong zonal flow regimes. J. Atmos. Sci., 55, 973-994.
    • (1998) J. Atmos. Sci , vol.55 , pp. 973-994
    • Oortwijn, J.1
  • 46
    • 0029539269 scopus 로고
    • Perturbations that optimally trigger weather regimes
    • Oortwijn, J., and J. Barkmeijer, 1995: Perturbations that optimally trigger weather regimes. J. Atmos. Sci., 52, 3932-3944.
    • (1995) J. Atmos. Sci , vol.52 , pp. 3932-3944
    • Oortwijn, J.1    Barkmeijer, J.2
  • 47
    • 0031862088 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Singular vectors, metrics, and adaptive observations
    • Palmer, T. N., R. Gelaro, J. Barkmeijer, and R. Buizza, 1998: Singular vectors, metrics, and adaptive observations. J. Atmos. Sci., 55, 633-653.
    • (1998) J. Atmos. Sci , vol.55 , pp. 633-653
    • Palmer, T.N.1    Gelaro, R.2    Barkmeijer, J.3    Buizza, R.4
  • 49
    • 0031256687 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sensitivity of forecast errors to initial conditions with a quasi-inverse linear method
    • Pu, Z. X., E. Kalnay, J. Sela, and I. Szunyogh, 1997: Sensitivity of forecast errors to initial conditions with a quasi-inverse linear method. Mon. Wea. Rev., 125, 2479-2503.
    • (1997) Mon. Wea. Rev , vol.125 , pp. 2479-2503
    • Pu, Z.X.1    Kalnay, E.2    Sela, J.3    Szunyogh, I.4
  • 50
    • 0035079838 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ensemble prediction of tropical cyclones using targeted diabatic singular vectors
    • Puri, K., J. Barkmeijer, and T. N. Palmer, 2001: Ensemble prediction of tropical cyclones using targeted diabatic singular vectors. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 127, 709-731.
    • (2001) Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc , vol.127 , pp. 709-731
    • Puri, K.1    Barkmeijer, J.2    Palmer, T.N.3
  • 51
    • 0142153709 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nonlinear growth of singular vector-based perturbations
    • Reynolds, C. A., and T. E. Rosmond, 2003: Nonlinear growth of singular vector-based perturbations. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 129, 3059-3078.
    • (2003) Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc , vol.129 , pp. 3059-3078
    • Reynolds, C.A.1    Rosmond, T.E.2
  • 52
    • 0012553382 scopus 로고
    • On the prediction of 24-hour hurricane motion
    • Riehl, H., W. H. Haggard, and R. W. Sanborn, 1956: On the prediction of 24-hour hurricane motion. J. Meteor., 13, 415-420.
    • (1956) J. Meteor , vol.13 , pp. 415-420
    • Riehl, H.1    Haggard, W.H.2    Sanborn, R.W.3
  • 53
    • 45849148917 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nonlinear generalization of singular vectors: Behavior in a baroclinic unstable flow
    • Rivière, O., G. Lapeyre, and O. Talagrand, 2008: Nonlinear generalization of singular vectors: behavior in a baroclinic unstable flow. J. Atmos. Sci., 65, 1896-1911.
    • (2008) J. Atmos. Sci , vol.65 , pp. 1896-1911
    • Rivière, O.1    Lapeyre, G.2    Talagrand, O.3
  • 54
    • 0000560868 scopus 로고
    • Numerical simulation of tropical cyclone development with latent heat release by the resolvable scales. I: Model description and preliminary results
    • Rosenthal, S. L., 1978: Numerical simulation of tropical cyclone development with latent heat release by the resolvable scales. I: Model description and preliminary results. J. Atmos. Sci., 35, 258-271.
    • (1978) J. Atmos. Sci , vol.35 , pp. 258-271
    • Rosenthal, S.L.1
  • 55
    • 0033075532 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The ocean's effect on the intensity of tropical cyclones: Results from a simple coupled atmosphere-ocean model
    • Schade, L. R., and K. A. Emanuel, 1999: The ocean's effect on the intensity of tropical cyclones: Results from a simple coupled atmosphere-ocean model. J. Atmos. Sci., 56, 642-651.
    • (1999) J. Atmos. Sci , vol.56 , pp. 642-651
    • Schade, L.R.1    Emanuel, K.A.2
  • 56
    • 0029538682 scopus 로고
    • Error growth and estimates of predictability from the ECWMF forecasting system
    • Simmons, A. J., R. Mereau, and T. Petroliagis, 1995: Error growth and estimates of predictability from the ECWMF forecasting system. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 121, 1739-1771.
    • (1995) Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc , vol.121 , pp. 1739-1771
    • Simmons, A.J.1    Mereau, R.2    Petroliagis, T.3
  • 57
    • 0001214597 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Summary of an informal workshop on adaptive observations and FASTEX
    • Snyder, C., 1996: Summary of an informal workshop on adaptive observations and FASTEX. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 77, 953-961.
    • (1996) Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc , vol.77 , pp. 953-961
    • Snyder, C.1
  • 58
    • 24944464047 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Passive mechanism of decadal variation of thermohaline circulation
    • doi:10.1029/2005JC002897
    • Sun, L., M. Mu, D. J. Sun, and X. Y. Yin, 2005: Passive mechanism of decadal variation of thermohaline circulation. J. Geophys. Res., 110, C07025, doi:10.1029/2005JC002897.
    • (2005) J. Geophys. Res , vol.110
    • Sun, L.1    Mu, M.2    Sun, D.J.3    Yin, X.Y.4
  • 59
    • 0033661480 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effect of targeted observations during the 1999 Winter Storm Reconnaissance program
    • Szunyogh, I., Z. Toth, S. Majumdar, R. Morss, B. Etherton, and C. Bishop, 2000: The effect of targeted observations during the 1999 Winter Storm Reconnaissance program. Mon. Wea. Rev., 128, 3520-3537.
    • (2000) Mon. Wea. Rev , vol.128 , pp. 3520-3537
    • Szunyogh, I.1    Toth, Z.2    Majumdar, S.3    Morss, R.4    Etherton, B.5    Bishop, C.6
  • 60
    • 0036566738 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Propagation of the effect of targeted observations: The 2000 Winter Storm Reconnaissance Program
    • Szunyogh, I., Z. Toth, A. V. Zimin, S. J. Majumdar, and A. Persson, 2002: Propagation of the effect of targeted observations: The 2000 Winter Storm Reconnaissance Program. Mon. Wea. Rev., 130, 1144-1165.
    • (2002) Mon. Wea. Rev , vol.130 , pp. 1144-1165
    • Szunyogh, I.1    Toth, Z.2    Zimin, A.V.3    Majumdar, S.J.4    Persson, A.5
  • 61
    • 68249151837 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Conditional nonlinear optimal perturbations of the double-gyre ocean circulation
    • Terwisscha van Scheltinga, A. D., and H. A. Dijkstra, 2008: Conditional nonlinear optimal perturbations of the double-gyre ocean circulation. Nonlinear Processes Geophys., 15, 727-734.
    • (2008) Nonlinear Processes Geophys , vol.15 , pp. 727-734
    • Terwisscha van Scheltinga, A.D.1    Dijkstra, H.A.2
  • 62
    • 68249139581 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Toth, Z., and Coauthors, 2002: Adaptive observations at NCEP: Past, present and future. Preprints, Symp. on Observations, Data Assimilation, and Probabilistic Prediction, Orlando, FL, Amer. Meteor. Soc., 7.1. [Available online at http://ams.confex. com/ams/ pdfpapers/26036.pdf.]
    • Toth, Z., and Coauthors, 2002: Adaptive observations at NCEP: Past, present and future. Preprints, Symp. on Observations, Data Assimilation, and Probabilistic Prediction, Orlando, FL, Amer. Meteor. Soc., 7.1. [Available online at http://ams.confex. com/ams/ pdfpapers/26036.pdf.]
  • 63
    • 21844462528 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dropwindsonde Observations for Typhoon Surveillance near the Taiwan Region (DOSTAR): An overview
    • Wu, C. C., and Coauthors, 2005: Dropwindsonde Observations for Typhoon Surveillance near the Taiwan Region (DOSTAR): An overview. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 86, 787-790.
    • (2005) Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc , vol.86 , pp. 787-790
    • Wu, C.C.1
  • 64
    • 34547792233 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Targeted observations of tropical cyclone movement based on the adjoint-derived sensitivity steering vector
    • Wu, C. C., J. H. Chen, P. H. Lin, and K. H. Chou, 2007: Targeted observations of tropical cyclone movement based on the adjoint-derived sensitivity steering vector. J. Atmos. Sci., 64, 2611-2626.
    • (2007) J. Atmos. Sci , vol.64 , pp. 2611-2626
    • Wu, C.C.1    Chen, J.H.2    Lin, P.H.3    Chou, K.H.4
  • 65
    • 68249137973 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Zou, X., F. Vandenberghe, M. Pondeca, and Y.-H. Kuo, 1997: Introduction to adjoint techniques and the MM5 adjoint modeling system. NCAR Tech. Note, NCAR/TN-435 STR, 111 pp.
    • Zou, X., F. Vandenberghe, M. Pondeca, and Y.-H. Kuo, 1997: Introduction to adjoint techniques and the MM5 adjoint modeling system. NCAR Tech. Note, NCAR/TN-435 STR, 111 pp.


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.