Fungal metabolism in host niches

Current Opinion in Microbiology

Volumn 12, Issue 4, 2009, Pages 371-376

  Brock, Matthias ^a  

^a HANS KNÖLL INSTITUTE   (Germany)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ANTIFUNGAL AGENT; ISOCITRATE LYASE;

CANDIDA ALBICANS; FATTY ACID METABOLISM; FUNGAL COLONIZATION; FUNGAL METABOLISM; FUNGAL VIRULENCE; GENE EXPRESSION; GLUCONEOGENESIS; GLYCOLYSIS; HOST PATHOGEN INTERACTION; HUMAN; IMMUNE RESPONSE; LIPID METABOLISM; MYCOSIS; NONHUMAN; NUTRIENT AVAILABILITY; PHAGOCYTOSIS; REVIEW;

ANIMALS; FUNGI; GLUCONEOGENESIS; GLYCOLYSIS; HOST-PATHOGEN INTERACTIONS; HUMANS; METABOLIC NETWORKS AND PATHWAYS;

FUNGI;

EID: 68049127967     PISSN: 13695274     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.mib.2009.05.004     Document Type: Review

References (47)

1. van der Does H.C., and Rep M. Virulence genes and the evolution of host specificity in plant-pathogenic fungi. Mol Plant Microbe Interact 20 (2007) 1175-1182
2. Mendgen K., and Hahn M. Plant infection and the establishment of fungal biotrophy. Trends Plant Sci 7 (2002) 352-356
3. Bouza E., and Muñoz P. Epidemiology of candidemia in intensive care units. Int J Antimicrob Agents 32 Suppl 2 (2008) S87-S91
4. Singh N., Dromer F., Perfect J.R., and Lortholary O. Cryptococcosis in solid organ transplant recipients: current state of the science. Clin Infect Dis 47 (2008) 1321-1327
5. Ramos E.S.M., and Saraiva Ldo E. Paracoccidioidomycosis. Dermatol Clin 26 (2008) 257-269 vii
6. Nosanchuk J.D., and Gacser A. Histoplasma capsulatum at the host-pathogen interface. Microbes Infect 10 (2008) 973-977
7. Camps I.R. Risk factors for invasive fungal infections in haematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Int J Antimicrob Agents 32 Suppl 2 (2008) S119-S123
8. Castón-Osorio J.J., Rivero A., and Torre-Cisneros J. Epidemiology of invasive fungal infection. Int J Antimicrob Agents 32 Suppl 2 (2008) S103-S109
9. Nucci M., and Anaissie E. Fusarium infections in immunocompromised patients. Clin Microbiol Rev 20 (2007) 695-704
10. Hawksworth D.L. Fungal diversity and its implications for genetic resource collections. Stud Mycol 50 (2004) 9-18
11. Askew D.S. Aspergillus fumigatus: virulence genes in a street-smart mold. Curr Opin Microbiol 11 (2008) 331-337. This paper highlights virulence determinants of Aspergillus fumigatus that have been acquired during competition with other microorganisms and environmental stress in soil. Adaptations to elevated temperatures, cell wall integrity and nutritional adaptation meet the requirements to act as a successful opportunistic human pathogen.
12. Mylonakis E., Casadevall A., and Ausubel F.M. Exploiting amoeboid and non-vertebrate animal model systems to study the virulence of human pathogenic fungi. PLoS Pathog 3 (2007) e101. This paper reviews the pros and cons of using non-vertebrate model systems to study virulence determinants of fungi. Exciting photographs demonstrate the killing of soil predators by fungi and the underlying mechanisms are assumed to enable the competition with the human immune system.
13. Steenbergen J.N., Shuman H.A., and Casadevall A. Cryptococcus neoformans interactions with amoebae suggest an explanation for its virulence and intracellular pathogenic strategy in macrophages. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 98 (2001) 15245-15250
14. Casadevall A. Host as the variable: model hosts approach the immunological asymptote. Infect Immun 73 (2005) 3829-3832
15. Filler S.G., and Sheppard D.C. Fungal invasion of normally non-phagocytic host cells. PLoS Pathog 2 (2006) e129
16. Thewes S., Moran G.P., Magee B.B., Schaller M., Sullivan D.J., and Hube B. Phenotypic screening, transcriptional profiling, and comparative genomic analysis of an invasive and non-invasive strain of Candida albicans. BMC Microbiol 8 (2008) 187
17. Brown A.J., Odds F.C., and Gow N.A. Infection-related gene expression in Candida albicans. Curr Opin Microbiol 10 (2007) 307-313
18. Mavor A.L., Thewes S., and Hube B. Systemic fungal infections caused by Candida species: epidemiology, infection process and virulence attributes. Curr Drug Targets 6 (2005) 863-874
19. Koh A.Y., Köhler J.R., Coggshall K.T., Van Rooijen N., and Pier G.B. Mucosal damage and neutropenia are required for Candida albicans dissemination. PLoS Pathog 4 (2008) e35. This paper shows that antibiotic treatment combined with chemotherapy predispose a host to acquire disseminated candidiasis without active mucosal damage by surgery.
20. Egi M., Bellomo R., Stachowski E., French C.J., Hart G.K., Hegarty C., and Bailey M. Blood glucose concentration and outcome of critical illness: the impact of diabetes. Crit Care Med 36 (2008) 2249-2255
21. Marcil A., Gadoury C., Ash J., Zhang J., Nantel A., and Whiteway M. Analysis of PRA1 and its relationship to Candida albicans-macrophage interactions. Infect Immun 76 (2008) 4345-4358
22. Lorenz M.C., Bender J.A., and Fink G.R. Transcriptional response of Candida albicans upon internalization by macrophages. Eukaryot Cell 3 (2004) 1076-1087
23. Barelle C.J., Priest C.L., Maccallum D.M., Gow N.A., Odds F.C., and Brown A.J. Niche-specific regulation of central metabolic pathways in a fungal pathogen. Cell Microbiol 8 (2006) 961-971
24. Lorenz M.C., and Fink G.R. The glyoxylate cycle is required for fungal virulence. Nature 412 (2001) 83-86
25. Piekarska K., Hardy G., Mol E., van den Burg J., Strijbis K., van Roermund C., van den Berg M., and Distel B. The activity of the glyoxylate cycle in peroxisomes of Candida albicans depends on a functional beta-oxidation pathway: evidence for reduced metabolite transport across the peroxisomal membrane. Microbiology 154 (2008) 3061-3072
26. Thewes S., Kretschmar M., Park H., Schaller M., Filler S.G., and Hube B. In vivo and ex vivo comparative transcriptional profiling of invasive and non-invasive Candida albicans isolates identifies genes associated with tissue invasion. Mol Microbiol 63 (2007) 1606-1628. This paper investigates the transcriptional changes that occur in two genetically different Candida albicans strains during host infection. Time response studies show that the genetic background influences tissue invasion and metabolic adaptation during the infection process.
27. Asakura M., Okuno T., and Takano Y. Multiple contributions of peroxisomal metabolic function to fungal pathogenicity in Colletotrichum lagenarium. Appl Environ Microbiol 72 (2006) 6345-6354
28. Idnurm A., and Howlett B.J. Isocitrate lyase is essential for pathogenicity of the fungus Leptosphaeria maculans to canola (Brassica napus). Eukaryot Cell 1 (2002) 719-724
29. Wang Z.Y., Thornton C.R., Kershaw M.J., Debao L., and Talbot N.J. The glyoxylate cycle is required for temporal regulation of virulence by the plant pathogenic fungus Magnaporthe grisea. Mol Microbiol 47 (2003) 1601-1612
30. Shin D.S., Lee T.H., Lee H.S., Shin J., and Oh K.B. Inhibition of infection of the rice blast fungus by halisulfate 1, an isocitrate lyase inhibitor. FEMS Microbiol Lett 272 (2007) 43-47
31. Sprague S.J., Watt M., Kirkegaard J.A., and Howlett B.J. Pathways of infection of Brassica napus roots by Leptosphaeria maculans. New Phytol 176 (2007) 211-222
32. Schöbel F., Ibrahim-Granet O., Ave P., Latgé J.P., Brakhage A.A., and Brock M. Aspergillus fumigatus does not require fatty acid metabolism via isocitrate lyase for development of invasive aspergillosis. Infect Immun 75 (2007) 1237-1244
33. Olivas I., Royuela M., Romero B., Monteiro M.C., Minguez J.M., Laborda F., and De Lucas J.R. Ability to grow on lipids accounts for the fully virulent phenotype in neutropenic mice of Aspergillus fumigatus null mutants in the key glyoxylate cycle enzymes. Fungal Genet Biol 45 (2008) 45-60
34. Ebel F., Schwienbacher M., Beyer J., Heesemann J., Brakhage A.A., and Brock M. Analysis of the regulation, expression, and localisation of the isocitrate lyase from Aspergillus fumigatus, a potential target for antifungal drug development. Fungal Genet Biol 43 (2006) 476-489
35. Rude T.H., Toffaletti D.L., Cox G.M., and Perfect J.R. Relationship of the glyoxylate pathway to the pathogenesis of Cryptococcus neoformans. Infect Immun 70 (2002) 5684-5694
36. Piekarska K., Mol E., van den Berg M., Hardy G., van den Burg J., van Roermund C., MacCallum D., Odds F., and Distel B. Peroxisomal fatty acid beta-oxidation is not essential for virulence of Candida albicans. Eukaryot Cell 5 (2006) 1847-1856
37. Ramirez M.A., and Lorenz M.C. Mutations in alternative carbon utilization pathways in Candida albicans attenuate virulence and confer pleiotropic phenotypes. Eukaryot Cell 6 (2007) 280-290
38. Bowyer P., De Lucas J.R., and Turner G. Regulation of the expression of the isocitrate lyase gene (acuD) of Aspergillus nidulans. Mol Gen Genet 242 (1994) 484-489
39. Flores C.L., Rodriguez C., Petit T., and Gancedo C. Carbohydrate and energy-yielding metabolism in non-conventional yeasts. FEMS Microbiol Rev 24 (2000) 507-529
40. Kingsbury J.M., Goldstein A.L., and McCusker J.H. Role of nitrogen and carbon transport, regulation, and metabolism genes for Saccharomyces cerevisiae survival in vivo. Eukaryot Cell 5 (2006) 816-824
41. Hu G., Cheng P.Y., Sham A., Perfect J.R., and Kronstad J.W. Metabolic adaptation in Cryptococcus neoformans during early murine pulmonary infection. Mol Microbiol 69 (2008) 1456-1475. This paper studies the transcriptional changes of Cryptococcus neoformans cells during lung infection. SAGE analyses from early (8 hours) and late (24 hours) time points after infection reveal that the cells rapidly adapt to glucose starvation. A disturbance of this adaptation mechanism strongly attenuates virulence.
42. Ibrahim-Granet O., Dubourdeau M., Latgé J.P., Ave P., Huerre M., Brakhage A.A., and Brock M. Methylcitrate synthase from Aspergillus fumigatus is essential for manifestation of invasive aspergillosis. Cell Microbiol 10 (2008) 134-148
43. Naglik J.R., Challacombe S.J., and Hube B. Candida albicans secreted aspartyl proteinases in virulence and pathogenesis. Microbiol Mol Biol Rev 67 (2003) 400-428 table of contents
44. Dabas N., and Morschhäuser J. A transcription factor regulatory cascade controls secreted aspartic protease expression in Candida albicans. Mol Microbiol 69 (2008) 586-602
45. Hube B., Sanglard D., Odds F.C., Hess D., Monod M., Schafer W., Brown A.J., and Gow N.A. Disruption of each of the secreted aspartyl proteinase genes SAP1, SAP2, and SAP3 of Candida albicans attenuates virulence. Infect Immun 65 (1997) 3529-3538
46. Lermann U., and Morschhauser J. Secreted aspartic proteases are not required for invasion of reconstituted human epithelia by Candida albicans. Microbiology 154 (2008) 3281-3295
47. Brock M., and Buckel W. On the mechanism of action of the antifungal agent propionate. Eur J Biochem 271 (2004) 3227-3241