메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 162, Issue 4, 2009, Pages 1351-1365

Intrahippocampal cholinesterase inhibition induces epileptogenesis in mice without evidence of neurodegenerative events

Author keywords

acetylcholine; astrogliosis; epilepsy; fear conditioning; Fos; mouse

Indexed keywords

GLIAL FIBRILLARY ACIDIC PROTEIN; PROTEIN FOS; SOMAN;

EID: 67949086552     PISSN: 03064522     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2009.05.068     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (19)

References (61)
  • 1
    • 41149162712 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Progress in neuroprotective strategies for preventing epilepsy
    • Acharya M.M., Hattiangady B., and Shetty A.K. Progress in neuroprotective strategies for preventing epilepsy. Prog Neurobiol 84 (2008) 363-404
    • (2008) Prog Neurobiol , vol.84 , pp. 363-404
    • Acharya, M.M.1    Hattiangady, B.2    Shetty, A.K.3
  • 4
    • 0032940256 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Recurrent seizures and hippocampal sclerosis following intrahippocampal kainate injection in adult mice: electroencephalography, histopathology and synaptic reorganization similar to mesial temporal lobe epilepsy
    • Bouilleret V., Ridoux V., Depaulis A., Marescaux C., Nehlig A., and Le Gal La Salle G. Recurrent seizures and hippocampal sclerosis following intrahippocampal kainate injection in adult mice: electroencephalography, histopathology and synaptic reorganization similar to mesial temporal lobe epilepsy. Neuroscience 89 (1999) 717-729
    • (1999) Neuroscience , vol.89 , pp. 717-729
    • Bouilleret, V.1    Ridoux, V.2    Depaulis, A.3    Marescaux, C.4    Nehlig, A.5    Le Gal La Salle, G.6
  • 5
    • 1842298190 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Network properties of the dentate gyrus in epileptic rats with hilar neuron loss and granule cell axon reorganization
    • Buckmaster P.S., and Dudek F.E. Network properties of the dentate gyrus in epileptic rats with hilar neuron loss and granule cell axon reorganization. J Neurophysiol 77 (1997) 2685-2696
    • (1997) J Neurophysiol , vol.77 , pp. 2685-2696
    • Buckmaster, P.S.1    Dudek, F.E.2
  • 6
    • 3042523540 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neuronal oscillations in cortical networks
    • Buzsáki G. Neuronal oscillations in cortical networks. Science 304 (2004) 1926-1929
    • (2004) Science , vol.304 , pp. 1926-1929
    • Buzsáki, G.1
  • 7
    • 0034949948 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Delta activity as an early indicator for soman-induced brain damage: a review
    • Carpentier P., Foquin A., Dorandeu F., and Lallement G. Delta activity as an early indicator for soman-induced brain damage: a review. Neurotoxicology 22 (2001) 299-315
    • (2001) Neurotoxicology , vol.22 , pp. 299-315
    • Carpentier, P.1    Foquin, A.2    Dorandeu, F.3    Lallement, G.4
  • 8
    • 0029790315 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The pilocarpine model of epilepsy in mice
    • Cavalheiro E.A., Santos N.F., and Priel M.R. The pilocarpine model of epilepsy in mice. Epilepsia 37 (1996) 1015-1019
    • (1996) Epilepsia , vol.37 , pp. 1015-1019
    • Cavalheiro, E.A.1    Santos, N.F.2    Priel, M.R.3
  • 9
    • 0033916077 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Deficits of spatial and non-spatial memory and of auditory fear conditioning following anterior thalamic lesions in mice: comparison with chronic alcohol consumption
    • Celerier A., Ognard R., Decorte L., and Beracochea D. Deficits of spatial and non-spatial memory and of auditory fear conditioning following anterior thalamic lesions in mice: comparison with chronic alcohol consumption. Eur J Neurosci 12 (2000) 2575-2584
    • (2000) Eur J Neurosci , vol.12 , pp. 2575-2584
    • Celerier, A.1    Ognard, R.2    Decorte, L.3    Beracochea, D.4
  • 10
  • 11
    • 0010237809 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ibotenate lesions of the hippocampus impair spatial learning but not contextual fear conditioning in mice
    • Cho Y.H., Friedman E., and Silva A.J. Ibotenate lesions of the hippocampus impair spatial learning but not contextual fear conditioning in mice. Behav Brain Res 98 (1999) 77-87
    • (1999) Behav Brain Res , vol.98 , pp. 77-87
    • Cho, Y.H.1    Friedman, E.2    Silva, A.J.3
  • 13
    • 0025851708 scopus 로고
    • The role of interactions between the cholinergic system and other neuromodulatory systems in learning and memory
    • Decker M.W., and McGaugh J.L. The role of interactions between the cholinergic system and other neuromodulatory systems in learning and memory. Synapse 7 (1991) 151-168
    • (1991) Synapse , vol.7 , pp. 151-168
    • Decker, M.W.1    McGaugh, J.L.2
  • 16
    • 0030560586 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Introduction to temporal lobe epilepsy
    • Engel J. Introduction to temporal lobe epilepsy. Epilepsy Res 1 (1996) 141-150
    • (1996) Epilepsy Res , vol.1 , pp. 141-150
    • Engel, J.1
  • 19
    • 34848926206 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cholinergic dysfunction in temporal lobe epilepsy
    • Friedman A., Behrens C.J., and Heinemann U. Cholinergic dysfunction in temporal lobe epilepsy. Epilepsia 48 Suppl 5 (2007) 126-130
    • (2007) Epilepsia , vol.48 , Issue.SUPPL. 5 , pp. 126-130
    • Friedman, A.1    Behrens, C.J.2    Heinemann, U.3
  • 20
    • 0036337869 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Behavioral, morphologic, and electroencephalographic evaluation of seizures induced by intrahippocampal microinjection of pilocarpine
    • Furtado M.A., Braga G.K., Oliveira J.A.C., DelVecchio F., and Garcia Cairasco N. Behavioral, morphologic, and electroencephalographic evaluation of seizures induced by intrahippocampal microinjection of pilocarpine. Epilepsia 43 (2002) 37-39
    • (2002) Epilepsia , vol.43 , pp. 37-39
    • Furtado, M.A.1    Braga, G.K.2    Oliveira, J.A.C.3    DelVecchio, F.4    Garcia Cairasco, N.5
  • 21
    • 23644433186 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of anticonvulsants on soman-induced epileptiform activity in the guinea-pig in vitro hippocampus
    • Harrison P.K., Sheridan R.D., Green A.C., and Tattersall J.E. Effects of anticonvulsants on soman-induced epileptiform activity in the guinea-pig in vitro hippocampus. Eur J Pharmacol 518 (2005) 123-132
    • (2005) Eur J Pharmacol , vol.518 , pp. 123-132
    • Harrison, P.K.1    Sheridan, R.D.2    Green, A.C.3    Tattersall, J.E.4
  • 22
    • 21644443575 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hippocampal granule cell activity and c-Fos expression during spontaneous seizures in awake, chronically epileptic, pilocarpine-treated rats: implications for hippocampal epileptogenesis
    • Harvey B.D., and Sloviter R.S. Hippocampal granule cell activity and c-Fos expression during spontaneous seizures in awake, chronically epileptic, pilocarpine-treated rats: implications for hippocampal epileptogenesis. J Comp Neurol 488 (2005) 442-463
    • (2005) J Comp Neurol , vol.488 , pp. 442-463
    • Harvey, B.D.1    Sloviter, R.S.2
  • 23
    • 33845942942 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cholinergic modulation of cortical function
    • Hasselmo M.E., and Giocomo L.M. Cholinergic modulation of cortical function. J Mol Neurosci 30 (2006) 133-135
    • (2006) J Mol Neurosci , vol.30 , pp. 133-135
    • Hasselmo, M.E.1    Giocomo, L.M.2
  • 24
    • 0020596356 scopus 로고
    • Systemic cholinergic agents induce seizures and brain damage in lithium-treated rats
    • Honchar M.P., Olney J.W., and Sherman W.R. Systemic cholinergic agents induce seizures and brain damage in lithium-treated rats. Science 220 (1983) 323-325
    • (1983) Science , vol.220 , pp. 323-325
    • Honchar, M.P.1    Olney, J.W.2    Sherman, W.R.3
  • 25
    • 0032617980 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neuronal loss and synaptic reorganization in temporal lobe epilepsy
    • Houser C.R. Neuronal loss and synaptic reorganization in temporal lobe epilepsy. Adv Neurol 79 (1999) 743-761
    • (1999) Adv Neurol , vol.79 , pp. 743-761
    • Houser, C.R.1
  • 26
    • 0034115333 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inhibition and disinhibition of pyramidal neurons by activation of nicotinic receptors on hippocampal interneurons
    • Ji D., and Dani J.A. Inhibition and disinhibition of pyramidal neurons by activation of nicotinic receptors on hippocampal interneurons. J Neurophysiol 83 (2000) 2682-2690
    • (2000) J Neurophysiol , vol.83 , pp. 2682-2690
    • Ji, D.1    Dani, J.A.2
  • 27
    • 33846007213 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Correlations between acetylcholinesterase inhibition, acetylcholine levels and EEG changes during perfusion with neostigmine and N6-cyclopentyladenosine in rat brain
    • Joosen M.J., and van Helden H.P. Correlations between acetylcholinesterase inhibition, acetylcholine levels and EEG changes during perfusion with neostigmine and N6-cyclopentyladenosine in rat brain. Eur J Pharmacol 555 (2007) 122-128
    • (2007) Eur J Pharmacol , vol.555 , pp. 122-128
    • Joosen, M.J.1    van Helden, H.P.2
  • 29
    • 34447106560 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Seizures and enhanced cortical GABAergic inhibition in two mouse models of human autosomal dominant nocturnal frontal lobe epilepsy
    • Klaassen A., Glykys J., Maguire J., Labarca C., Mody I., and Boulter J. Seizures and enhanced cortical GABAergic inhibition in two mouse models of human autosomal dominant nocturnal frontal lobe epilepsy. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 103 (2006) 19152-19157
    • (2006) Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A , vol.103 , pp. 19152-19157
    • Klaassen, A.1    Glykys, J.2    Maguire, J.3    Labarca, C.4    Mody, I.5    Boulter, J.6
  • 31
    • 0025950484 scopus 로고
    • Effects of soman-induced seizures on different extracellular amino acid levels and on glutamate uptake in rat hippocampus
    • Lallement G., Carpentier P., Collet A., Pernot-Marino I., Baubichon D., and Blanchet G. Effects of soman-induced seizures on different extracellular amino acid levels and on glutamate uptake in rat hippocampus. Brain Res 563 (1991) 234-240
    • (1991) Brain Res , vol.563 , pp. 234-240
    • Lallement, G.1    Carpentier, P.2    Collet, A.3    Pernot-Marino, I.4    Baubichon, D.5    Blanchet, G.6
  • 32
    • 34548278409 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Extrinsic afferent systems to the dentate gyrus
    • Leranth C., and Hajszan T. Extrinsic afferent systems to the dentate gyrus. Prog Brain Res 163 (2007) 63-84
    • (2007) Prog Brain Res , vol.163 , pp. 63-84
    • Leranth, C.1    Hajszan, T.2
  • 33
    • 0025055144 scopus 로고
    • Analysis of serial measurements in medical research
    • Matthews J.N., Altman D.G., Campbell M.J., and Royston P. Analysis of serial measurements in medical research. BMJ 300 (1990) 230-235
    • (1990) BMJ , vol.300 , pp. 230-235
    • Matthews, J.N.1    Altman, D.G.2    Campbell, M.J.3    Royston, P.4
  • 34
    • 0024414553 scopus 로고
    • Acetylcholine potentiates glutamate-induced neurodegeneration in cultured hippocampal neurons
    • Mattson M.P. Acetylcholine potentiates glutamate-induced neurodegeneration in cultured hippocampal neurons. Brain Res 497 (1989) 402-406
    • (1989) Brain Res , vol.497 , pp. 402-406
    • Mattson, M.P.1
  • 35
    • 0022349951 scopus 로고
    • Two types of muscarinic response to acetylcholine in mammalian cortical neurons
    • McCormick D.A., and Prince D.A. Two types of muscarinic response to acetylcholine in mammalian cortical neurons. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 82 (1985) 6344-6348
    • (1985) Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A , vol.82 , pp. 6344-6348
    • McCormick, D.A.1    Prince, D.A.2
  • 36
    • 0023502249 scopus 로고
    • Direct microinjection of soman or VX into the amygdala produces repetitive limbic convulsions and neuropathology
    • McDonough J.H., McLeod C.G.J., and Nipwoda M.T. Direct microinjection of soman or VX into the amygdala produces repetitive limbic convulsions and neuropathology. Brain Res 435 (1987) 123-137
    • (1987) Brain Res , vol.435 , pp. 123-137
    • McDonough, J.H.1    McLeod, C.G.J.2    Nipwoda, M.T.3
  • 37
    • 0030726679 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neuropharmacological mechanisms of nerve agent-induced seizure and neuropathology
    • McDonough J.H., and Shih T.M. Neuropharmacological mechanisms of nerve agent-induced seizure and neuropathology. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 21 (1997) 559-579
    • (1997) Neurosci Biobehav Rev , vol.21 , pp. 559-579
    • McDonough, J.H.1    Shih, T.M.2
  • 38
    • 2442707459 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Normal spatial and contextual learning for ketamine-treated rats in the pilocarpine epilepsy model
    • McKay B.E., and Persinger M.A. Normal spatial and contextual learning for ketamine-treated rats in the pilocarpine epilepsy model. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 78 (2004) 111-119
    • (2004) Pharmacol Biochem Behav , vol.78 , pp. 111-119
    • McKay, B.E.1    Persinger, M.A.2
  • 39
    • 0030321564 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fos-like immunoreactivity after status epilepticus and spontaneous seizures in rats
    • Mello L.E., Tan A.M., Finch D.M., Kohman C.M., and Cavalheiro E.A. Fos-like immunoreactivity after status epilepticus and spontaneous seizures in rats. Epilepsy Res 12 (1996) 205-213
    • (1996) Epilepsy Res , vol.12 , pp. 205-213
    • Mello, L.E.1    Tan, A.M.2    Finch, D.M.3    Kohman, C.M.4    Cavalheiro, E.A.5
  • 40
    • 0022962477 scopus 로고
    • Inciting excitotoxic cytocide among central neurons
    • Olney J.W. Inciting excitotoxic cytocide among central neurons. Adv Exp Med Biol 203 (1986) 631-645
    • (1986) Adv Exp Med Biol , vol.203 , pp. 631-645
    • Olney, J.W.1
  • 41
    • 23444450278 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Temporal patterns of fos expression in the dentate gyrus after spontaneous seizures in a mouse model of temporal lobe epilepsy
    • Peng Z., and Houser C.R. Temporal patterns of fos expression in the dentate gyrus after spontaneous seizures in a mouse model of temporal lobe epilepsy. J Neurosci 25 (2005) 7210-7220
    • (2005) J Neurosci , vol.25 , pp. 7210-7220
    • Peng, Z.1    Houser, C.R.2
  • 42
    • 0026635574 scopus 로고
    • Differential contribution of amygdala and hippocampus to cued and contextual fear conditioning
    • Phillips R.G., and Le Doux J.E. Differential contribution of amygdala and hippocampus to cued and contextual fear conditioning. Behav Neurosci 106 (1992) 274-285
    • (1992) Behav Neurosci , vol.106 , pp. 274-285
    • Phillips, R.G.1    Le Doux, J.E.2
  • 43
    • 0028426868 scopus 로고
    • Lesions of the dorsal hippocampal formation interfere with background but not foreground contextual fear conditioning
    • Phillips R.G., and Le Doux J.E. Lesions of the dorsal hippocampal formation interfere with background but not foreground contextual fear conditioning. Learn Mem 1 (1994) 34-44
    • (1994) Learn Mem , vol.1 , pp. 34-44
    • Phillips, R.G.1    Le Doux, J.E.2
  • 45
    • 0037067050 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evolution of hippocampal epileptic activity during the development of hippocampal sclerosis in a mouse model of temporal lobe epilepsy
    • Riban V., Bouilleret V., Pham-Le B.T., Fritschy J.M., Marescaux C., and Depaulis A. Evolution of hippocampal epileptic activity during the development of hippocampal sclerosis in a mouse model of temporal lobe epilepsy. Neuroscience 112 (2002) 101-111
    • (2002) Neuroscience , vol.112 , pp. 101-111
    • Riban, V.1    Bouilleret, V.2    Pham-Le, B.T.3    Fritschy, J.M.4    Marescaux, C.5    Depaulis, A.6
  • 46
    • 0026594823 scopus 로고
    • Possible functional consequences of synaptic reorganization in the dentate gyrus of kainate-treated rats
    • Sloviter R.S. Possible functional consequences of synaptic reorganization in the dentate gyrus of kainate-treated rats. Neurosci Lett 137 (1992) 91-96
    • (1992) Neurosci Lett , vol.137 , pp. 91-96
    • Sloviter, R.S.1
  • 47
    • 0021869315 scopus 로고
    • "Epileptic" brain damage is replicated qualitatively in the rat hippocampus by central injection of glutamate or aspartate but not by GABA or acetylcholine
    • Sloviter R.S., and Dempster D.W. "Epileptic" brain damage is replicated qualitatively in the rat hippocampus by central injection of glutamate or aspartate but not by GABA or acetylcholine. Brain Res Bull 15 (1985) 39-60
    • (1985) Brain Res Bull , vol.15 , pp. 39-60
    • Sloviter, R.S.1    Dempster, D.W.2
  • 48
    • 0030744148 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • NMDA receptor-mediated pilocarpine-induced seizures: characterization in freely moving rats by microdialysis
    • Smolders I., Khan G.M., Manil J., Ebinger G., and Michotte Y. NMDA receptor-mediated pilocarpine-induced seizures: characterization in freely moving rats by microdialysis. Br J Pharmacol 121 (1997) 1171-1179
    • (1997) Br J Pharmacol , vol.121 , pp. 1171-1179
    • Smolders, I.1    Khan, G.M.2    Manil, J.3    Ebinger, G.4    Michotte, Y.5
  • 49
    • 1442274950 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • In vivo modulation of extracellular hippocampal glutamate and GABA levels and limbic seizures by group I and II metabotropic glutamate receptor ligands
    • Smolders I., Lindekens H., Clinckers R., Meurs A., O'Neill M.J., Lodge D., Ebinger G., and Michotte Y. In vivo modulation of extracellular hippocampal glutamate and GABA levels and limbic seizures by group I and II metabotropic glutamate receptor ligands. J Neurochem 88 (2004) 1068-1077
    • (2004) J Neurochem , vol.88 , pp. 1068-1077
    • Smolders, I.1    Lindekens, H.2    Clinckers, R.3    Meurs, A.4    O'Neill, M.J.5    Lodge, D.6    Ebinger, G.7    Michotte, Y.8
  • 50
    • 0028980028 scopus 로고
    • A missense mutation in the neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor alpha 4 subunit is associated with autosomal dominant nocturnal frontal lobe epilepsy
    • Steinlein O.K., Mulley J.C., Propping P., Wallace R.H., Phillips H.A., Sutherland G.R., Scheffer I.E., and Berkovic S.F. A missense mutation in the neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor alpha 4 subunit is associated with autosomal dominant nocturnal frontal lobe epilepsy. Nat Genet 11 (1995) 201-203
    • (1995) Nat Genet , vol.11 , pp. 201-203
    • Steinlein, O.K.1    Mulley, J.C.2    Propping, P.3    Wallace, R.H.4    Phillips, H.A.5    Sutherland, G.R.6    Scheffer, I.E.7    Berkovic, S.F.8
  • 51
    • 33847072745 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Enhanced synaptic excitation-inhibition ratio in hippocampal interneurons of rats with temporal lobe epilepsy
    • Stief F., Zuschratter W., Hartmann K., Schmitz D., and Draguhn A. Enhanced synaptic excitation-inhibition ratio in hippocampal interneurons of rats with temporal lobe epilepsy. Eur J Neurosci 25 (2007) 519-528
    • (2007) Eur J Neurosci , vol.25 , pp. 519-528
    • Stief, F.1    Zuschratter, W.2    Hartmann, K.3    Schmitz, D.4    Draguhn, A.5
  • 52
    • 21844467976 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Psychological distress, comorbidities, and health behaviors among US adults with seizures: results from the 2002 national health interview survey
    • Strine T.W., Kobau R., Chapman D.P., Thurman D.J., Price P., and Balluz L.S. Psychological distress, comorbidities, and health behaviors among US adults with seizures: results from the 2002 national health interview survey. Epilepsia 46 (2005) 1133-1139
    • (2005) Epilepsia , vol.46 , pp. 1133-1139
    • Strine, T.W.1    Kobau, R.2    Chapman, D.P.3    Thurman, D.J.4    Price, P.5    Balluz, L.S.6
  • 54
    • 0035794001 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Changes in EEG power spectra and behavioral states in rats exposed to the acetylcholinesterase inhibitor chlorpyrifos and muscarinic agonist oxotremorine
    • Timofeeva O.A., and Gordon C.J. Changes in EEG power spectra and behavioral states in rats exposed to the acetylcholinesterase inhibitor chlorpyrifos and muscarinic agonist oxotremorine. Brain Res 893 (2001) 165-177
    • (2001) Brain Res , vol.893 , pp. 165-177
    • Timofeeva, O.A.1    Gordon, C.J.2
  • 55
    • 0024510191 scopus 로고
    • Review: cholinergic mechanisms and epileptogenesis. The seizures induced by pilocarpine: a novel experimental model of intractable epilepsy
    • Turski L., Ikonomidou C., Turski W.A., Bortolotto Z.A., and Cavalheiro E.A. Review: cholinergic mechanisms and epileptogenesis. The seizures induced by pilocarpine: a novel experimental model of intractable epilepsy. Synapse 3 (1989) 154-171
    • (1989) Synapse , vol.3 , pp. 154-171
    • Turski, L.1    Ikonomidou, C.2    Turski, W.A.3    Bortolotto, Z.A.4    Cavalheiro, E.A.5
  • 57
    • 55249124268 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Protective effects of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonism on VX-induced neuronal cell death in cultured rat cortical neurons
    • Wang Y., Weiss M.T., Yin J., Tenn C.C., Nelson P.D., and Mikler J.R. Protective effects of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonism on VX-induced neuronal cell death in cultured rat cortical neurons. Neurotox Res 13 (2008) 163-172
    • (2008) Neurotox Res , vol.13 , pp. 163-172
    • Wang, Y.1    Weiss, M.T.2    Yin, J.3    Tenn, C.C.4    Nelson, P.D.5    Mikler, J.R.6
  • 58
    • 0027401465 scopus 로고
    • Pathophysiological mechanisms of brain damage from status epilepticus
    • Wasterlain C.G., Fujikawa D.G., Penix L., and Sankar R. Pathophysiological mechanisms of brain damage from status epilepticus. Epilepsia 34 Suppl 1 (1993) 37-53
    • (1993) Epilepsia , vol.34 , Issue.SUPPL. 1 , pp. 37-53
    • Wasterlain, C.G.1    Fujikawa, D.G.2    Penix, L.3    Sankar, R.4
  • 59
    • 0031055117 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fos induction following systemic kainic acid: early expression in hippocampus and later widespread expression correlated with seizure
    • Willoughby J.O., Mackenzie L., Medvedev A., and Hiscock J.J. Fos induction following systemic kainic acid: early expression in hippocampus and later widespread expression correlated with seizure. Neuroscience 77 (1997) 379-392
    • (1997) Neuroscience , vol.77 , pp. 379-392
    • Willoughby, J.O.1    Mackenzie, L.2    Medvedev, A.3    Hiscock, J.J.4
  • 60
    • 0031046009 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Soman-induced seizures rapidly activate astrocytes and microglia in discrete brain regions
    • Zimmer L.A., Ennis M., and Shipley M.T. Soman-induced seizures rapidly activate astrocytes and microglia in discrete brain regions. J Comp Neurol 378 (1997) 482-492
    • (1997) J Comp Neurol , vol.378 , pp. 482-492
    • Zimmer, L.A.1    Ennis, M.2    Shipley, M.T.3
  • 61
    • 0031057267 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Anatomical localization and time course of Fos expression following soman-induced seizures
    • Zimmer L.A., Ennis M., el-Etri M., and Shipley M.T. Anatomical localization and time course of Fos expression following soman-induced seizures. J Comp Neurol 378 (1997) 468-481
    • (1997) J Comp Neurol , vol.378 , pp. 468-481
    • Zimmer, L.A.1    Ennis, M.2    el-Etri, M.3    Shipley, M.T.4


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.