Management of patients with the immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome

Current HIV/AIDS Reports

Volumn 6, Issue 3, 2009, Pages 162-171

  Meintjes, Graeme ^a   Marais, Suzaan ^b   Wilkinson, Robert J ^b   Pepper, Dominique J ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CAPE TOWN   (South Africa)

^b NONE

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ANTIINFLAMMATORY AGENT; CORTICOSTEROID; GRANULOCYTE MACROPHAGE COLONY STIMULATING FACTOR; HYDROXYCHLOROQUINE; IMMUNOGLOBULIN; IMMUNOMODULATING AGENT; INTERLEUKIN 2; MONTELUKAST; NONSTEROID ANTIINFLAMMATORY AGENT; PENTOXIFYLLINE; PLACEBO; PREDNISONE; PROTEINASE INHIBITOR; RIFAMPICIN; RNA DIRECTED DNA POLYMERASE INHIBITOR; THALIDOMIDE; TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR ALPHA INHIBITOR;

BRAIN HEMORRHAGE; DIABETES MELLITUS; DIAGNOSTIC PROCEDURE; DRUG MECHANISM; EVIDENCE BASED PRACTICE; EYE TOXICITY; GASTRITIS; GASTROINTESTINAL SYMPTOM; HERPES SIMPLEX; HUMAN; HYPERTENSION; IMMUNE RECONSTITUTION INFLAMMATORY SYNDROME; INTESTINE PERFORATION; KAPOSI SARCOMA; KIDNEY DISEASE; LIVER TOXICITY; OSTEOPENIA; PEPTIC ULCER; PERIPHERAL NEUROPATHY; RETINA HEMORRHAGE; REVIEW; SKIN MANIFESTATION; TERATOGENICITY; VITRECTOMY;

ADRENAL CORTEX HORMONES; ANTI-INFLAMMATORY AGENTS, NON-STEROIDAL; ANTI-RETROVIRAL AGENTS; HIV INFECTIONS; HUMANS; IMMUNE RECONSTITUTION INFLAMMATORY SYNDROME; IMMUNOLOGIC FACTORS;

EID: 67651240216     PISSN: 15483568     EISSN: 15483576     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s11904-009-0022-z     Document Type: Review

References (52)

1. M.A. French 2009 HIV/AIDS: immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome: a reappraisal Clin Infect Dis 48 101 107
2. J.T. Riddell D.R. Kaul P.C. Karakousis 2007 Mycobacterium avium complex immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome: long term outcomes J Transl Med 5 50
3. W. Burman S. Weis A. Vernon 2007 Frequency, severity and duration of immune reconstitution events in HIV-related tuberculosis Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 11 1282 1289
4. G. Meintjes M.X. Rangaka G. Maartens 2009 Novel relationship between tuberculosis immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome and antitubercular drug resistance Clin Infect Dis 48 667 676
5. T. Bicanic T. Harrison A. Niepieklo 2006 Symptomatic relapse of HIV-associated cryptococcal meningitis after initial fluconazole monotherapy: the role of fluconazole resistance and immune reconstitution Clin Infect Dis 43 1069 1073
6. A. Drake A. Mijch J. Sasadeusz 2004 Immune reconstitution hepatitis in HIV and hepatitis B coinfection, despite lamivudine therapy as part of HAART Clin Infect Dis 39 129 132
7. J.V. Baker D.R. Boulware P.R. Bohjanen 2006 A case for treating high hepatitis B DNA levels before starting HIV therapy AIDS 20 2402 2403
8. C. Hardwick D. White E. Morris 2006 Montelukast in the treatment of HIV associated immune reconstitution disease Sex Transm Infect 82 513 514
9. E. Lesho 2006 Evidence base for using corticosteroids to treat HIV-associated immune reconstitution syndrome Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther 4 469 478
10. S. McGee J. Hirschmann 2008 Use of corticosteroids in treating infectious diseases Arch Intern Med 168 1034 1046
11. S.D. Lawn L.G. Bekker R.F. Miller 2005 Immune reconstitution disease associated with mycobacterial infections in HIV-infected individuals receiving antiretrovirals Lancet Infect Dis 5 361 373
12. Meintjes G, Wilkinson RJ, Morroni C, et al.: Randomized placebo-controlled trial of prednisone for the TB immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome [abstract 34]. Presented at the 16th Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections. Montreal, Canada; February 8-11, 2009.
13. D.J. Pepper S. Marais G. Maartens 2009 Neurologic manifestations of paradoxical tuberculosis-associated immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome: a case series Clin Infect Dis 48 e96 e107
14. K. Tan R. Roda L. Ostrow 2009 PML-IRIS in patients with HIV infection. Clinical manifestations and treatment with steroids Neurology 72 1458 1464
15. G. Rajeswaran J.L. Becker C. Michailidis 2006 The radiology of IRIS (immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome) in patients with mycobacterial tuberculosis and HIV co-infection: appearances in 11 patients Clin Radiol 61 833 843
16. F.F. Tuon G.C. Mulatti W.P. Pinto 2007 Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome associated with disseminated mycobacterial infection in patients with AIDS AIDS Patient Care STDS 21 527 532
17. J. Dautremer J. Pacanowski P.M. Girard 2007 A new presentation of immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome followed by a severe paradoxical reaction in an HIV-1-infected patient with tuberculous meningitis AIDS 21 381 382
18. O. Lortholary A. Fontanet N. Memain 2005 Incidence and risk factors of immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome complicating HIV-associated cryptococcosis in France AIDS 19 1043 1049
19. S.A. Shelburne 3rd R.J. Hamill M.C. Rodriguez-Barradas 2002 Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome: emergence of a unique syndrome during highly active antiretroviral therapy Medicine (Baltimore) 81 213 227
20. B.M. Clark R.G. Krueger P. Price M.A. French 2004 Compartmentalization of the immune response in varicella zoster virus immune restoration disease causing transverse myelitis AIDS 18 1218 1221
21. C.J. Sumner M. Newman C.A. Jay 2003 Recurrent myelopathy after HAART in a patient with spinal mycobacterial infection Neurology 61 139 140
22. F. Gray C. Bazille H. Adle-Biassette 2005 Central nervous system immune reconstitution disease in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome patients receiving highly active antiretroviral treatment J Neurovirol 11 Suppl3 16 22
23. R.A. Du Pasquier M.J. Kuroda Y. Zheng 2004 A prospective study demonstrates an association between JC virusspecific cytotoxic T lymphocytes and the early control of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy Brain 127 1970 1978
24. R.A. Du Pasquier I.J. Koralnik 2003 Inflammatory reaction in progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy: harmful or beneficial? J Neurovirol 9 Suppl1 25 31
25. M.T. Silva M.C. Pacheco Jr B. Vaz 2006 Inflammatory progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy after antiretroviral treatment AIDS 20 469 471
26. J.R. Berger 2009 Steroids for PML-IRIS. A double-edged sword? Neurology 72 1454 1455
27. H.W. Henderson S.M. Mitchell 1999 Treatment of immune recovery vitritis with local steroids Br J Ophthalmol 83 540 545
28. M.P. Karavellas C.Y. Lowder C. Macdonald 1998 Immune recovery vitritis associated with inactive cytomegalovirus retinitis: a new syndrome Arch Ophthalmol 116 169 175
29. Y.C. Manabe J.D. Campbell E. Sydnor R.D. Moore 2007 Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome: risk factors and treatment implications J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 46 456 462
30. G.A. McComsey C.C. Whalen S.D. Mawhorter 2001 Placebo-controlled trial of prednisone in advanced HIV-1 infection AIDS 15 321 327
31. A.M. Elliott H. Luzze M.A. Quigley 2004 A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of the use of prednisolone as an adjunct to treatment in HIV-1-associated pleural tuberculosis J Infect Dis 190 869 878
32. A. Venkataramana C.A. Pardo J.C. McArthur 2006 Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome in the CNS of HIVinfected patients Neurology 67 383 388
33. P.F. Volkow P. Cornejo J.W. Zinser 2008 Life-threatening exacerbation of Kaposi's sarcoma after prednisone treatment for immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome AIDS 22 663 665
34. L. Dalessandro E. Bottaro 2002 Reactivation of CMV retinitis after treatment with subtenon corticosteroids for immune recovery uveitis in a patient with AIDS Scand J Infect Dis 34 780 782
35. AIDS Info: Guidelines for Prevention and Treatment of Opportunistic Infections in HIV-Infected Adults and Adolescents. Available at http://AIDSinfo.nih.gov. Accessed April 2009.
36. G.C. Fernandes M.A. Vieira M.C. Lourenco 2002 Inflammatory paradoxical reaction occurring in tuberculosis patients treated with HAART and rifampicin Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo 44 113 114
37. L.G. Bekker P. Haslett G. Maartens 2000 Thalidomide-induced antigen-specific immune stimulation in patients with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 and tuberculosis J Infect Dis 181 954 965
38. J.F. Schoeman P. Springer A.J. van Rensburg 2004 Adjunctive thalidomide therapy for childhood tuberculous meningitis: results of a randomized study J Child Neurol 19 250 257
39. J.F. Schoeman G. Fieggen N. Seller 2006 Intractable intracranial tuberculous infection responsive to thalidomide: report of four cases J Child Neurol 21 301 308
40. M.T. Roberts M. Mendelson P. Meyer 2003 The use of thalidomide in the treatment of intracranial tuberculomas in adults: two case reports J Infect 47 251 255
41. M. John M.A. French 1998 Exacerbation of the inflammatory response to Mycobacterium tuberculosis after antiretroviral therapy Med J Aust 169 473 474
42. H.C. Bell C.H. Heath M.A. French 2005 Pulmonary Mycobacterium celatum immune restoration disease: immunopathology and response to corticosteroid therapy AIDS 19 2047 2049
43. R.S. Wallis J.L. Johnson A. Okwera 1998 Pentoxifylline in human immunodeficiency virus-positive tuberculosis: safety at 4 years J Infect Dis 178 1861
44. J.R. Boelaert K.H. Goddeeris L.J. Vanopdenbosch J.W. Casselman 2004 Relapsing meningitis caused by persistent cryptococcal antigens and immune reconstitution after the initiation of highly active antiretroviral therapy AIDS 18 1223 1224
45. M.C. Lipman S.K. Carding 2007 Successful drug treatment of immune reconstitution disease with the leukotriene receptor antagonist, montelukast: a clue to pathogenesis? AIDS 21 383 384
46. M. Peters-Golden C. Canetti P. Mancuso M.J. Coffey 2005 Leukotrienes: underappreciated mediators of innate immune responses J Immunol 174 589 594
47. B. Jarvis A. Markham 2000 Montelukast: a review of its therapeutic potential in persistent asthma Drugs 59 891 928
48. T.K. Blackmore L. Manning W.J. Taylor R.S. Wallis 2008 Therapeutic use of infliximab in tuberculosis to control severe paradoxical reaction of the brain and lymph nodes Clin Infect Dis 47 e83 e85
49. A. Pires M. Nelson A.L. Pozniak 2005 Mycobacterial immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome in HIV-1 infection after antiretroviral therapy is associated with deregulated specific T-cell responses: beneficial effect of IL-2 and GM-CSF immunotherapy J Immune Based Ther Vaccines 3 7
50. C. Michailidis A.L. Pozniak S. Mandalia 2005 Clinical characteristics of IRIS syndrome in patients with HIV and tuberculosis Antivir Ther 10 417 422
51. M.H. El-Bradey L. Cheng M.K. Song 2004 Long-term results of treatment of macular complications in eyes with immune recovery uveitis using a graded treatment approach Retina 24 376 382
52. T. Bicanic A.E. Brouwer G. Meintjes 2009 Relationship of cerebrospinal fluid pressure, fungal burden and outcome in patients with cryptococcal meningitis undergoing serial lumbar punctures AIDS 23 701 706