메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 7, Issue 8, 2009, Pages 609-614

Communicable disease among displaced Afghans: Refuge without shelter

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

AFGHANISTAN; ARTICLE; COMMUNICABLE DISEASE; COMMUNITY CARE; DEMOGRAPHY; DISEASE CARRIER; DISEASE SURVEILLANCE; DISEASE TRANSMISSION; GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION; HEALTH STATUS; HEPATITIS B; HEPATITIS C; HUMAN; HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS INFECTION; INFECTION CONTROL; INFECTION RISK; LEISHMANIASIS; MALARIA; PAKISTAN; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REFUGEE; RISK FACTOR; SCREENING; SEROPREVALENCE; SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASE;

EID: 67651235946     PISSN: 17401526     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1038/nrmicro2176     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (29)

References (42)
  • 2
    • 16444363179 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sociocultural, environmental, and health challenges facing women and children living near the borders between Afghanistan, Iran, and Pakistan (AIP region)
    • Poureslami, I. M., MacLean, D. R., Spiegel, J. & Yassi, A. Sociocultural, environmental, and health challenges facing women and children living near the borders between Afghanistan, Iran, and Pakistan (AIP region). MedGenMed 6, 51 (2004).
    • (2004) MedGenMed , vol.6 , pp. 51
    • Poureslami, I.M.1    MacLean, D.R.2    Spiegel, J.3    Yassi, A.4
  • 3
    • 67651228037 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees. Operational information monthly summary report - January 2008. Statistical overview of returned Afghan refugees from Pakistan, Iran and none neighboring countries, IDPs caseload and movements and reintegration activities. (UN, Geneva, 2008).
    • United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees. Operational information monthly summary report - January 2008. Statistical overview of returned Afghan refugees from Pakistan, Iran and none neighboring countries, IDPs caseload and movements and reintegration activities. (UN, Geneva, 2008).
  • 4
    • 84894738804 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • UNHCR [online, 2009
    • United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees. Global appeal 2009 update. UNHCR [online], http://www.unhcr.org/publ/PUBL/ 4922d42611.pdf (2009).
    • Global appeal 2009 update
  • 5
    • 78649662837 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Millennium development indicators of education, employment and gender equality of Afghan refugees in Pakistan, country report
    • online
    • Groenewold, G. Millennium development indicators of education, employment and gender equality of Afghan refugees in Pakistan, country report. NIDI [online], http://www.nidi.knaw.nl/en/output/2006/ nidi-2006-pakistancountryreport.pdf/ nidi-2006-pakistancountryreport.pdf (2006).
    • (2006) NIDI
    • Groenewold, G.1
  • 6
    • 69249172129 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • UNAIDS/WHO Working Group on Global HIV/AIDS and STI Surveillance, Afghanistan, online, 2008
    • UNAIDS/WHO Working Group on Global HIV/AIDS and STI Surveillance. Epidemiological fact sheet on HIV and AIDS: Core data on epidemiology and response - Afghanistan. WHO [online], http://apps.who.int/ globalatlas/predefinedReports/EFS2008/full/EFS2008_AF.pdf (2008).
    • Epidemiological fact sheet on HIV and AIDS: Core data on epidemiology and response
  • 7
    • 69249172129 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • UNAIDS/WHO Working Group on Global HIV/AIDS and STI Surveillance, Pakistan, online, 2008
    • UNAIDS/WHO Working Group on Global HIV/AIDS and STI Surveillance. Epidemiological fact sheet on HIV and AIDS: Core data on epidemiology and response - Pakistan. WHO [online], http://apps.who. int/ globalatlas/predefinedReports/EFS2008/full/EFS2008_PK.pdf (2008).
    • Epidemiological fact sheet on HIV and AIDS: Core data on epidemiology and response
  • 8
    • 9644283126 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Communicable diseases in complex emergencies: Impact and challenges
    • Connolly, M. A. et al. Communicable diseases in complex emergencies: Impact and challenges. Lancet 364, 1974-1983 (2004).
    • (2004) Lancet , vol.364 , pp. 1974-1983
    • Connolly, M.A.1
  • 9
    • 1842454042 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Integrating health care for mothers and children in refugee camps and at district level
    • Hafeez, A., Riaz, R., Shah, S. U., Pervaiz, J. & Southall, D. Integrating health care for mothers and children in refugee camps and at district level. BMJ 328, 834-836 (2004).
    • (2004) BMJ , vol.328 , pp. 834-836
    • Hafeez, A.1    Riaz, R.2    Shah, S.U.3    Pervaiz, J.4    Southall, D.5
  • 10
    • 4844225113 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Subsidized sales of insecticide-treated nets in Afghan refugee camps demonstrate the feasibility of a transition from humanitarian aid towards sustainability
    • Kolaczinski, J. H. et al. Subsidized sales of insecticide-treated nets in Afghan refugee camps demonstrate the feasibility of a transition from humanitarian aid towards sustainability. Malar. J. 10, 3-15 (2004).
    • (2004) Malar. J , vol.10 , pp. 3-15
    • Kolaczinski, J.H.1
  • 11
    • 56149099509 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Marring leishmaniasis: The stigmatization and the impact of cutaneous leishmaniasis in Pakistan and Afghanistan
    • Kassi, M., Kassi, M., Afghan, A. K., Rehman, R. & Kasi, P. M. Marring leishmaniasis: The stigmatization and the impact of cutaneous leishmaniasis in Pakistan and Afghanistan. PLoS Negl. Trop. Dis. 2, e259 (2008).
    • (2008) PLoS Negl. Trop. Dis , vol.2
    • Kassi, M.1    Kassi, M.2    Afghan, A.K.3    Rehman, R.4    Kasi, P.M.5
  • 12
    • 0032927093 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An outbreak of cutaneous leishmaniasis in an Afghan refugee settlement in north-west Pakistan
    • Rowland, M., Munir, A., Durrani, N., Noyes, H. & Reyburn, H. An outbreak of cutaneous leishmaniasis in an Afghan refugee settlement in north-west Pakistan. Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg. 93, 133-136 (1999).
    • (1999) Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg , vol.93 , pp. 133-136
    • Rowland, M.1    Munir, A.2    Durrani, N.3    Noyes, H.4    Reyburn, H.5
  • 14
    • 0036978093 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Afghan refugees and the temporal and spatial distribution of malaria in Pakistan
    • Rowland, M., Rab, M. A., Freeman, T., Durrani, N. & Rehman, N. Afghan refugees and the temporal and spatial distribution of malaria in Pakistan. Soc. Sci. Med. 55, 2061-2072 (2002).
    • (2002) Soc. Sci. Med , vol.55 , pp. 2061-2072
    • Rowland, M.1    Rab, M.A.2    Freeman, T.3    Durrani, N.4    Rehman, N.5
  • 15
    • 0035151329 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Disease and dislocation: The impact of refugee movements on the geography of malaria in NWFP, Pakistan
    • Kazmi, J. H. & Pandit, K. Disease and dislocation: The impact of refugee movements on the geography of malaria in NWFP, Pakistan. Soc. Sci. Med. 52, 1043-1055 (2001).
    • (2001) Soc. Sci. Med , vol.52 , pp. 1043-1055
    • Kazmi, J.H.1    Pandit, K.2
  • 16
    • 25144512359 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Infectious diseases during wartime
    • Zapor, M. J. & Moran, K. A. Infectious diseases during wartime. Curr. Opin. Infect. Dis. 18, 395-399 (2005).
    • (2005) Curr. Opin. Infect. Dis , vol.18 , pp. 395-399
    • Zapor, M.J.1    Moran, K.A.2
  • 17
    • 67651216659 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Roll back malaria in the Eastern Mediterranean region
    • World Health Organization, WHO Regional Office for the Eastern Mediterranean, Cairo
    • World Health Organization. Roll back malaria in the Eastern Mediterranean region. Achievements, challenges and the way forward. (WHO Regional Office for the Eastern Mediterranean, Cairo, 2004).
    • (2004) Achievements, challenges and the way forward
  • 18
    • 0037159927 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Transmission and prevention of HIV and sexually transmitted infections in war settings: Implications for current and future armed conflicts
    • Hankins, C. A., Friedman, S. R., Zafar, T. & Strathdee, S. A. Transmission and prevention of HIV and sexually transmitted infections in war settings: Implications for current and future armed conflicts. AIDS 16, 2245-2252 (2002).
    • (2002) AIDS , vol.16 , pp. 2245-2252
    • Hankins, C.A.1    Friedman, S.R.2    Zafar, T.3    Strathdee, S.A.4
  • 19
    • 33646528214 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prevalence of hepatitis B among Afghan refugees living in Balochistan, Pakistan
    • Quddus, A., Luby, S. P., Jamal, Z. & Jafar, T. Prevalence of hepatitis B among Afghan refugees living in Balochistan, Pakistan. Int. J. Infect. Dis. 10, 242-247 (2006).
    • (2006) Int. J. Infect. Dis , vol.10 , pp. 242-247
    • Quddus, A.1    Luby, S.P.2    Jamal, Z.3    Jafar, T.4
  • 20
    • 0026425967 scopus 로고
    • Screening for hepatitis B virus infection among refugees arriving in the United States, 1979-1991
    • CDC
    • CDC. Screening for hepatitis B virus infection among refugees arriving in the United States, 1979-1991. MMWR Morb. Mortal. Wkly Rep. 40, 784-786 (1991).
    • (1991) MMWR Morb. Mortal. Wkly Rep , vol.40 , pp. 784-786
  • 22
    • 33947319142 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Seroprevalences and co-infections of HIV, hepatitis C virus and hepatitis B virus in injecting drug users in Quetta, Pakistan
    • Achakzai, M., Kassi, M. & Kasi, P. M. Seroprevalences and co-infections of HIV, hepatitis C virus and hepatitis B virus in injecting drug users in Quetta, Pakistan. Trop. Doct. 37, 43-45 (2007).
    • (2007) Trop. Doct , vol.37 , pp. 43-45
    • Achakzai, M.1    Kassi, M.2    Kasi, P.M.3
  • 23
    • 27344457147 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Drug use and harm reduction in Afghanistan
    • Todd, C. S., Safi, N. & Strathdee, S. A. Drug use and harm reduction in Afghanistan. Harm Reduct. J. 7, 13 (2005).
    • (2005) Harm Reduct. J , vol.7 , pp. 13
    • Todd, C.S.1    Safi, N.2    Strathdee, S.A.3
  • 24
    • 37349035220 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Association between expatriation and HIV awareness and knowledge among injecting drug users in Kabul, Afghanistan: A cross-sectional comparison of former refugees to those remaining during conflict
    • Todd, C. S. et al. Association between expatriation and HIV awareness and knowledge among injecting drug users in Kabul, Afghanistan: A cross-sectional comparison of former refugees to those remaining during conflict. Confl. Health 1, 5 (2007).
    • (2007) Confl. Health , vol.1 , pp. 5
    • Todd, C.S.1
  • 25
    • 34848914034 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • HIV, hepatitis C, and hepatitis B infections and associated risk behavior in injection drug users, Kabul, Afghanistan
    • Todd, C. S. et al. HIV, hepatitis C, and hepatitis B infections and associated risk behavior in injection drug users, Kabul, Afghanistan. Emerging Infect. Dis. 13, 1327-1331 (2007).
    • (2007) Emerging Infect. Dis , vol.13 , pp. 1327-1331
    • Todd, C.S.1
  • 26
    • 33847300411 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • High risk behaviors of injection drug users registered with harm reduction programme in Karachi, Pakistan
    • Altaf, A. et al. High risk behaviors of injection drug users registered with harm reduction programme in Karachi, Pakistan. Harm Reduct. J. 4, 7 (2007).
    • (2007) Harm Reduct. J , vol.4 , pp. 7
    • Altaf, A.1
  • 27
    • 46149108310 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Injection drug use in rural Iran: Integrating HIV prevention into Iran's rural primary health care system
    • Mojtahedzadeh, V. et al. Injection drug use in rural Iran: integrating HIV prevention into Iran's rural primary health care system. AIDS Behav. 12 (Suppl 1), 7-12 (2008).
    • (2008) AIDS Behav , vol.12 , Issue.SUPPL. 1 , pp. 7-12
    • Mojtahedzadeh, V.1
  • 28
    • 0037358956 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Planning STI/HIV prevention among refugees and mobile populations: Situation assessment of Sudanese refugees
    • Holt, B. Y. et al. Planning STI/HIV prevention among refugees and mobile populations: Situation assessment of Sudanese refugees. Disasters 27, 1-15 (2003).
    • (2003) Disasters , vol.27 , pp. 1-15
    • Holt, B.Y.1
  • 29
    • 33846421009 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A narrative study of refugee women who have experienced violence in the context of war
    • Berman, H., Giron, E. R. & Marroquin, A. P. A narrative study of refugee women who have experienced violence in the context of war. Can. J. Nurs. Res. 38, 32-53 (2006).
    • (2006) Can. J. Nurs. Res , vol.38 , pp. 32-53
    • Berman, H.1    Giron, E.R.2    Marroquin, A.P.3
  • 30
    • 41149111993 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) of HIV prevention and HIV infection risks among Congolese refugees in Tanzania
    • Tanaka, Y., Kunii, O., Hatano, T. & Wakai, S. Knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) of HIV prevention and HIV infection risks among Congolese refugees in Tanzania. Health Place 14, 434-452 (2008).
    • (2008) Health Place , vol.14 , pp. 434-452
    • Tanaka, Y.1    Kunii, O.2    Hatano, T.3    Wakai, S.4
  • 31
    • 67651217731 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • WHO Communicable Disease Working Group on Emergencies, online, 2001
    • WHO Communicable Disease Working Group on Emergencies. Communicable disease profile Afghanistan and neighbouring countries. WHO [online], http://www.who.int/diseasecontrol_emergencies/toolkits/ Afghanistan_annexes.pdf (2001).
    • Communicable disease profile Afghanistan and neighbouring countries. WHO
  • 32
    • 0032479060 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • War, oppression, refugee camps fuel spread of HIV. Migration and HIV
    • Wash. DC
    • No authors listed. War, oppression, refugee camps fuel spread of HIV. Migration and HIV. Bridg Wash. DC 3, 4-5 (1998).
    • (1998) Bridg , vol.3 , pp. 4-5
  • 33
    • 34250874445 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prevalence of HIV infection in conflict-affected and displaced people in seven sub-Saharan African countries: A systematic review
    • Spiegel, P. B. et al. Prevalence of HIV infection in conflict-affected and displaced people in seven sub-Saharan African countries: A systematic review. Lancet 369, 2187-2195 (2007).
    • (2007) Lancet , vol.369 , pp. 2187-2195
    • Spiegel, P.B.1
  • 34
    • 0032858571 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Establishment of a blood transfusion center at Kabul (Afghanistan)
    • Dupire, B. et al. Establishment of a blood transfusion center at Kabul (Afghanistan). Sante 9, 18-22 (1999).
    • (1999) Sante , vol.9 , pp. 18-22
    • Dupire, B.1
  • 35
    • 0034035369 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of blood bank practices in Karachi, Pakistan, and the government's response
    • Luby, S. et al. Evaluation of blood bank practices in Karachi, Pakistan, and the government's response. Health Policy Plan. 15 217-222 (2000).
    • (2000) Health Policy Plan , vol.15 , pp. 217-222
    • Luby, S.1
  • 36
    • 0035194027 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The changing epidemiology of malaria in Minnesota
    • Seys, S. A. & Bender, J. B. The changing epidemiology of malaria in Minnesota. Emerging Infect. Dis. 7, 993-995 (2001).
    • (2001) Emerging Infect. Dis , vol.7 , pp. 993-995
    • Seys, S.A.1    Bender, J.B.2
  • 37
    • 33845915063 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Changing faces: A review of infectious disease screening of refugees by the Migrant Health Unit, Western Australia in 2003 and 2004
    • Martin, J. A. & Mak, D. B. Changing faces: A review of infectious disease screening of refugees by the Migrant Health Unit, Western Australia in 2003 and 2004. Med. J. Aust. 185, 607-610 (2006).
    • (2006) Med. J. Aust , vol.185 , pp. 607-610
    • Martin, J.A.1    Mak, D.B.2
  • 38
    • 36049014288 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hepatitis in refugees who settle in Australia
    • Benson, J. & Donohue, W. Hepatitis in refugees who settle in Australia. Aust. Fam. Physician 36, 719-727 (2007).
    • (2007) Aust. Fam. Physician , vol.36 , pp. 719-727
    • Benson, J.1    Donohue, W.2
  • 39
    • 44849114996 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A paradoxical peace: HIV in post-conflict states
    • Becker, J. U. & Drucker, E. A paradoxical peace: HIV in post-conflict states. Med. Confl. Surviv. 24, 101-106 (2008).
    • (2008) Med. Confl. Surviv , vol.24 , pp. 101-106
    • Becker, J.U.1    Drucker, E.2
  • 40
    • 34447270257 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A nascent HIV type 1 epidemic among injecting drug users in Kabul, Afghanistan is dominated by complex AD recombinant strain, CRF35_AD
    • Sanders-Buell, E. et al. A nascent HIV type 1 epidemic among injecting drug users in Kabul, Afghanistan is dominated by complex AD recombinant strain, CRF35_AD. AIDS Res. Hum. Retroviruses 23 834-839 (2007).
    • (2007) AIDS Res. Hum. Retroviruses , vol.23 , pp. 834-839
    • Sanders-Buell, E.1
  • 41
    • 33751336887 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • HIV-1 subtype A infection in a community of intravenous drug users in Pakistan
    • Khan, S., Rai, M. A., Khanani, M. R., Khan, M. N. & Ali, S. H. HIV-1 subtype A infection in a community of intravenous drug users in Pakistan. BMC Infect. Dis. 6, 164 (2006).
    • (2006) BMC Infect. Dis , vol.6 , pp. 164
    • Khan, S.1    Rai, M.A.2    Khanani, M.R.3    Khan, M.N.4    Ali, S.H.5
  • 42
    • 0032721950 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • HIV-infected workers deported from the Gulf States: Impact on Southern Pakistan
    • Shah, S. A., Khan, O. A., Kristensen, S. & Vermund, S. H. HIV-infected workers deported from the Gulf States: Impact on Southern Pakistan. Int. J. STD AIDS 10, 812-814 (1999).
    • (1999) Int. J. STD AIDS , vol.10 , pp. 812-814
    • Shah, S.A.1    Khan, O.A.2    Kristensen, S.3    Vermund, S.H.4


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.