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Volumn 131, Issue 22, 2009, Pages 7762-7769

Investigation of the scope and regiochemistry of alkynylboronate cycloadditions with sydnones

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

BORONIC ESTERS; CYCLOADDITIONS; DFT METHOD; PYRAZOLE; REGIOCHEMICAL; REGIOCHEMISTRY; REGIOSELECTIVE METHOD; SYDNONES;

EID: 67650555655     PISSN: 00027863     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1021/ja902460n     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (99)

References (64)
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    • For a recent direct arylation approach, see
    • For a recent direct arylation approach, see: (b) Goikhman, R.; Jacques, T. L.; Sames, D. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2009, 131, 3042.
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  • 11
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    • For recent examples of the synthesis of aromatic and heteroaromatic boronic esters by alkynylboronate cycloadditions, see
    • For recent examples of the synthesis of aromatic and heteroaromatic boronic esters by alkynylboronate cycloadditions, see: (a) Moore, J. E.; Goodenough, K. M.; Spinks, D.; Harrity, J. P. A. Synlett 2002, 2071.
    • (2002) Synlett , pp. 2071
    • Moore, J.E.1    Goodenough, K.M.2    Spinks, D.3    Harrity, J.P.A.4
  • 21
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    • For reviews of alkynylboronate cycloadditions, see
    • For reviews of alkynylboronate cycloadditions, see: (a) Hilt, G.; Bolze, P. Synthesis 2005, 2091.
    • (2005) Synthesis , pp. 2091
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  • 24
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    • (2002) Heterocyclic Compounds , vol.59 , pp. 681
    • Gribble, G.W.1
  • 37
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    • For the regioselectivity determination of trisubstituted pyrazoles, see the Supporting Information
    • For the regioselectivity determination of trisubstituted pyrazoles, see the Supporting Information.
  • 38
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    • Nuclear overhauser effects confirmed the regiochemistry of pyrazoles 21-23, 25, 27, 29, and 31a,b (see the Supporting Information). The assignment of regiochemistry for the related pyrazoles is made by inference
    • Nuclear overhauser effects confirmed the regiochemistry of pyrazoles 21-23, 25, 27, 29, and 31a,b (see the Supporting Information). The assignment of regiochemistry for the related pyrazoles is made by inference.
  • 42
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    • Nuclear overhauser effects confirmed the regiochemistry of bicyclic pyrazoles 35 and 36 (see the Supporting Information). The assignment of regiochemistry for the other bicyclic pyrazoles is made by inference
    • Nuclear overhauser effects confirmed the regiochemistry of bicyclic pyrazoles 35 and 36 (see the Supporting Information). The assignment of regiochemistry for the other bicyclic pyrazoles is made by inference.
  • 43
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    • Interestingly, the corresponding 5-bromosydnones failed to provide the corresponding pyrazoles and appear to be more prone to decomposition at elevated temperatures
    • Interestingly, the corresponding 5-bromosydnones failed to provide the corresponding pyrazoles and appear to be more prone to decomposition at elevated temperatures.
  • 59
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    • Our assumption of the concerted nature of sydnone cycloaddition with alkynes is based on the kinetic studies of the cycloaddition of a series of sydnones with dimethylacetylene dicarboxylate that demonstrate large and negative entropies of activation with the enthalpy/entropy parameters unaffected by the solvent, see
    • Our assumption of the concerted nature of sydnone cycloaddition with alkynes is based on the kinetic studies of the cycloaddition of a series of sydnones with dimethylacetylene dicarboxylate that demonstrate large and negative entropies of activation with the enthalpy/entropy parameters unaffected by the solvent, see:Youn, B. H.; Lyu, H. S.; Han, J. H.; Hahn, S. J.; Kim, S. H. Bull. Korean Chem. Soc. 1987, 8, 233.
    • (1987) Bull. Korean Chem. Soc. , vol.8 , pp. 233
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  • 62
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    • A similar regioselectivity reversal induced by steric hindrance was theoretically studied by Domingo et al. in the 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition between nitrile N-oxides and alkynylboronates; see ref 12f
    • A similar regioselectivity reversal induced by steric hindrance was theoretically studied by Domingo et al. in the 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition between nitrile N-oxides and alkynylboronates; see ref 12f.
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    • The charge transfer must occur from the compounds with higher electron chemical potential to the compounds with lower potential, see
    • The charge transfer must occur from the compounds with higher electron chemical potential to the compounds with lower potential, see: Domingo, L. R. Eur. J. Org. Chem. 2004, 4788.
    • (2004) Eur. J. Org. Chem. , pp. 4788
    • Domingo, L.R.1
  • 64
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    • The observation that the strongly electron-withdrawing p-nitrophenyl group does not affect the reaction regioselectivity is intriguing and may reflect its symmetrical positioning with respect to the C- and N-reacting centers of the sydnone. In addition, the fact that this group is not directly involved in the cycloaddition process may explain its negligible effect on charge transfer values. We thank one of the referees for these suggestions
    • The observation that the strongly electron-withdrawing p-nitrophenyl group does not affect the reaction regioselectivity is intriguing and may reflect its symmetrical positioning with respect to the C- and N-reacting centers of the sydnone. In addition, the fact that this group is not directly involved in the cycloaddition process may explain its negligible effect on charge transfer values. We thank one of the referees for these suggestions.


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