Efficient entanglement distribution over 200 kilometers

Optics Express

Volumn 17, Issue 14, 2009, Pages 11440-11449

  Dynes, J F ^a   Takesue, H ^b   Yuan, Z L ^a   Sharpe, A W ^a   Harada, K ^b   Honjo, T ^b   Kamada, H ^b   Tadanaga, O ^c   Nishida, Y ^c   Asobe, M ^c   Shields, A J ^a  

^a TOSHIBA CORPORATION   (Japan)

^b Bio Medical Informatics Research Center   (Japan)

^c NTT CORPORATION   (Japan)

Author keywords

(060.5565) Quantum communications; (270.5565) Quantum communications; (270.5568) Quantum cryptography; (270.5585) Quantum Information and processing

Indexed keywords

PARTICLE BEAMS; QUANTUM CRYPTOGRAPHY; QUANTUM OPTICS;

ENTANGLEMENT DISTRIBUTION; LOW COSTS; PARAMETRIC DOWN-CONVERSION; QUANTUM INFORMATION; REAL-WORLD; SINGLE-PHOTON DETECTION EFFICIENCIES;

QUANTUM COMMUNICATION;

EID: 67650541713     PISSN: None     EISSN: 10944087     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1364/OE.17.011440     Document Type: Article

References (35)

1. A. Einstein, B. Podolsky, and N. Rosen, "Can quantum-mechanical description of physical reality be considered complete?" Phys. Rev. 47 (10), 777-780 (1935).
2. J. S. Bell, "On the Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen paradox," Physics (Long Island City, N. Y.) 1, 195-200 (1964).
3. C. H. Bennett, and D. P. DiVincenzo, "Quantum information and computation," Nature 404 (6775), 247-255 (2000).
4. M. A. Nielson, and I. L. Chuang, Quantum computation and quantum information, (Cambridge University Press, 2000).
5. N. Gisin, G. Ribordy, W. Tittel, and H. Zbinden, "Quantum Cryptography," Rev. Mod. Phys. 74 (1), 145-195 (2002).
6. See R. Thew and N. Gisin, "Quantum communication," Nat. Photon. 1, 165-171 (2007) for a review.
7. A. Acín, N. Gisin, and L. Masanes, "From Bell's theorem to secure quantum key distribution," Phys. Rev. Lett. 97 (12), 120405 (2006).
8. A. K. Ekert, "Quantum cryptography based on Bell's theorem," Phys. Rev. Lett. 67 (6), 661-663 (1991).
9. C. H. Bennett, G. Brassard, and N. D. Mermin, "Quantum cryptography without Bell's Theorem," Phys. Rev. Lett. 68 (5), 557-559 (1992).
10. W. Tittel, J. Brendel, H. Zbinden, and N. Gisin, "Quantum cryptography using entangled photons in energy-time bell states," Phys. Rev. Lett. 84 (20), 4737-4740 (2000).
11. R. Ursin, F. Tiefenbacher, T. Schmitt-Manderbach, H. Weier, T. Scheidl, M. Lindenthal, B. Blauensteiner, T. Jennewein, J. Perdigues, P. Trojek, B. Oemer, M. Fuerst, M. Meyenburg, J. Rarity, Z. Sodnik, C. Barbieri, H. Weinfurter, and A. Zeilinger, "Entanglement based quantum communication over 144km," Nat. Phys. 3 (7), 481-486 (2007).
12. A. Fedrizzi, R. Ursin, T. Herbst, M. Nespoli, R. Prevedel, T. Scheidl, F. Tiefenbacher, T. Jennewein, and A. Zeilinger, "High-fidelity transmission of entanglement over a high-loss freespace channel," http://arxiv.org/abs/ 0902.2015.
13. M. Pfennigbauer, M. Aspelmeyer, W. Leeb, G. Baister, T. Dreischer, T. Jennewein, G. Neckamm, J. Perdigues, H. Weinfurter, and A. Zeilinger, "Satellite-based quantum communication terminal employing state-of-the-art technology," J. Opt. Netw. 4 (9), 549-560 (2005).
14. H. Hubel, M. R. Vanner, T. Lederer, B. Blauensteiner, T. Lorünser, A. Poppe, and A. Zeilinger, "High-fidelity transmission of polarization encoded qubits from an entangled source over 100km of fiber," Opt. Express 15 (12), 7853-7862 (2007).
15. H. C. Lim, A. Yoshizawa, H. Tsuchida, and K. Kikuchi, "Distribution of polarization-entangled photon pairs produced via spontaneous parametric down-conversion within a local-area fiber network: Theoretical model and experiment," Opt. Express 16 (19), 14512-14523 (2008).
16. C. Liang, K. F. Lee, J. Chen, and P. Kumar, "Distribution of fiber-generated polarization entangled photon-pairs over 100 km of standard fiber in OC-192 WDM environment," post deadline paper, Optical Fiber Communications Conference (OFC'2006), paper PDP35.
17. T. Honjo, H. Takesue, H. Kamada, Y. Nishida, O. Tadanaga, M. Asobe, and K. Inoue, "Long-distance distribution of time-bin entangled photon pairs over 100 km using frequency up-conversion detectors," Opt. Express 15 (21), 13957-13964 (2007).
18. Q. Zhang, H. Takesue, S. W. Nam, C. Langrock, X. Xie, B. Baek, M. M. Fejer, and Y. Yamamoto, "Distribution of time-energy entanglement over 100 km fiber using superconducting single-photon detectors," Opt. Express 16 (8), 5776-5781 (2008).
19. H. Takesue, S. W. Nam, Q. Zhang, R. H. Hadfield, T. Honjo, K. Tamaki, and Y. Yamamoto, "Quantum key distribution over a 40-dB channel loss using superconducting single-photon detectors," Nat. Phot. 1 (6), 343-348 (2007).
20. T. Honjo, S. W. Nam, H. Takesue, Q. Zhang, H. Kamada, Y. Nishida, O. Tadanaga, M. Asobe, B. Baek, R. Hadfield, S. Miki, M. Fujiwara, M. Sasaki, Z. Wang, K. Inoue, and Y. Yamamoto, "Long-distance entanglementbased quantum key distribution over optical fiber," Opt. Express 16 (23), 19118-19126 (2008).
21. Z. L. Yuan, B. E. Kardynal, A. W. Sharpe, and A. J. Shields, "High speed single photon detection in the near infrared," Appl. Phys. Lett. 91 (4), 041114 (2007).
22. A. R. Dixon, Z. L. Yuan, J. F. Dynes, A. W. Sharpe, and A. J. Shields, "Gigahertz decoy quantum key distribution with 1Mbit/s secure key rate," Opt. Express 16 (23), 18790-18979 (2008).
23. J. F. Dynes, Z. L. Yuan, A. W. Sharpe, and A. J. Shields, "A high speed, post-processing free, random number generator," Appl. Phys. Lett. 93, 031109 (2008).
24. B. E. Kardynal, Z. L. Yuan, and A. J. Shields, "An avalanche-photodiode-based photon-number-resolving detector," Nat. Photonics 2 (7), 425-428 (2008).
25. J. D. Franson, "Bell inequality for position and time," Phys. Rev. Lett. 62 (19), 2205-2208 (1989).
26. T. Honjo, H. Takesue, and K. Inoue, "Generation of energy-time entangled photon pairs in 1.5 μm band with periodically poled lithium niobate waveguide," Opt. Express 15 (4), 1679-1683 (2007).
27. H. de Riedmatten, I. Marcikic, V. Scarani, W. Tittel, H. Zbinden, and N. Gisin, "Tailoring photonic entanglement in high-dimensional Hilbert spaces," Phys. Rev. A 69 (5), 050304 (2004).
28. H. Takesue, and K. Inoue, "Generation of 1.5μm time-bin entanglement using spontaneous fiber four-wave mixing and planar-lightwave circuit interferometers," Phys. Rev. A 72 (4), 041804 (2005).
29. Z. L. Yuan, A. R. Dixon, J. F. Dynes, A. W. Sharpe, and A. J. Shields, "Gigahertz quantum key distribution with InGaAs avalanche photodiodes," Appl. Phys. Lett. 92 (20), 201104 (2008).
30. Q. Zhang, C. Langrock, H. Takesue, X. Xie, M. Fejer, and Y. Yamamoto, "Generation of 10-GHz clock sequential time-bin entanglement," Opt. Express 16 (5), 3293-3298 (2008).
31. By shifting the phase of the fixed temperature PLC by π/2 the non-orthogonal basis was measured.
32. I. Marcikic, H. de Riedmatten, W. Tittel, V. Scarani, H. Zbinden, and N. Gisin, "Time-bin entangled qubits for quantum communication created by femtosecond pulses," Phys. Rev. A 66 (6), 062308 (2002).
33. i)| ≤ 2. Quantum-mechanically, this inequality can be violated with maximum violation of S=2√2. The violation of the Bell CHSH inequality in terms of visibility is hence V > 1 /√2.
34. J. F. Clauser, M. A. Horne, A. Shimony, and R. A. Holt, "Proposed experiment to test local hidden variable theories," Phys. Rev. Lett. 23 (15), 880-884 (1969).
35. The factor of two variation in error bar values between the two basis measurements arises from statistical variations from one experimental run to another.