Characterizing cardiovascular risk in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: More than the sum of its parts?

Seminars in Reproductive Medicine

Volumn 27, Issue 4, 2009, Pages 299-305

  Chang, Alice Y ^a,b   Wild, Robert A ^c  

^a UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS SOUTHWESTERN MEDICAL CENTER   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF OKLAHOMA HEALTH SCIENCES CENTER   (United States)

^c UNIVERSITY OF OKLAHOMA COLLEGE OF MEDICINE   (United States)

Author keywords

Androgen excess; Cardiovascular disease; Insulin resistance; Metabolic syndrome; Type 2 diabetes

Indexed keywords

ANDROGEN;

ARTERIAL WALL THICKNESS; ATHEROSCLEROSIS; BODY MASS; CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE; CARDIOVASCULAR RISK; CAROTID ARTERY; DIABETES MELLITUS; DISEASE ASSOCIATION; GROUPS BY AGE; HEART INFARCTION; HUMAN; HYPERTENSION; INSULIN RESISTANCE; MENSTRUATION; METABOLIC SYNDROME X; MORTALITY; OVARY POLYCYSTIC DISEASE; PERIPHERAL CIRCULATION; PREMENOPAUSE; PREVALENCE; REVIEW; RISK ASSESSMENT;

BIOLOGICAL MARKERS; CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES; CARDIOVASCULAR PHYSIOLOGICAL PHENOMENA; FEMALE; HUMANS; MODELS, BIOLOGICAL; POLYCYSTIC OVARY SYNDROME; PREVALENCE; RISK FACTORS;

EID: 67650538573     PISSN: 15268004     EISSN: 15264564     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1055/s-0029-1225257     Document Type: Review

References (59)

1. Azziz R, Woods KS, Reyna R, Key TJ, Knochenhauer ES, Yildiz BO. The prevalence and features of the polycystic ovary syndrome in an unselected population. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2004;89:2745-2749 (Pubitemid 38766360)
2. Carmina E, Azziz R. Diagnosis, phenotype, and prevalence of polycystic ovary syndrome. Fertil Steril 2006;86(Suppl 1): S7-S8 (Pubitemid 43913772)
3. Knochenhauer ES, Key TJ, Kahsar-Miller M, Waggoner W, Boots LR, Azziz R. Prevalence of the polycystic ovary syndrome in unselected black and white women of the southeastern United States: a prospective study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1998;83:3078-3082 (Pubitemid 28500937)
4. Barber TM, Wass JA, McCarthy MI, Franks S. Metabolic characteristics of women with polycystic ovaries and oligoamenorrhoea but normal androgen levels: implications for the management of polycystic ovary syndrome. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2007;66:513-517 (Pubitemid 46434931)
5. Dunaif A, Segal KR, Futterweit W, Dobrjansky A. Profound peripheral insulin resistance, independent of obesity, in polycystic ovary syndrome. Diabetes 1989;38:1165-1174 (Pubitemid 19250404)
6. Hollinrake E, Abreu A, Maifeld M, Van Voorhis BJ, Dokras A. Increased risk of depressive disorders in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Fertil Steril 2007;87:1369-1376 (Pubitemid 46829130)
7. Glassman AH. Depression and cardiovascular comorbidity. Dialogues Clin Neurosci 2007;9:9-17
8. Tasali E, Van Cauter E, Hoffman L, Ehrmann DA. Impact of obstructive sleep apnea on insulin resistance and glucose tolerance in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008;93:3878-3884
9. Vgontzas AN, Legro RS, Bixler EO, Grayev A, Kales A, Chrousos GP. Polycystic ovary syndrome is associated with obstructive sleep apnea and daytime sleepiness: role of insulin resistance. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2001;86:517-520 (Pubitemid 32207453)
10. Parati G, Lombardi C, Narkiewicz K. Sleep apnea: epidemiology, pathophysiology, and relation to cardiovascular risk. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2007;293: R1671-R1683 (Pubitemid 47535786)
11. Dahlgren E, Janson PO, Johansson S, Lapidus L, Odén A. Polycystic ovary syndrome and risk for myocardial infarction. Evaluated from a risk factor model based on a prospective population study of women. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 1992;71:599-604
12. Wild S, Pierpoint T, Jacobs H, McKeigue P. Long-term consequences of polycystic ovary syndrome: results of a 31 year follow-up study. Hum Fertil (Camb) 2000;3:101-105 (Pubitemid 30678869)
13. Wild S, Pierpoint T, McKeigue P, Jacobs H. Cardiovascular disease in women with polycystic ovary syndrome at longterm follow-up: a retrospective cohort study. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2000;52:595-600 (Pubitemid 30337085)
14. Pierpoint T, McKeigue PM, Isaacs AJ, Wild SH, Jacobs HS. Mortality of women with polycystic ovary syndrome at longterm follow-up. J Clin Epidemiol 1998;51:581-586 (Pubitemid 28376967)
15. Solomon CG, Hu FB, Dunaif A, et al. Menstrual cycle irregularity and risk for future cardiovascular disease. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2002;87:2013-2017 (Pubitemid 34521483)
16. Reindollar RH, Novak M, Tho SP, McDonough PG. Adultonset amenorrhea: a study of 262 patients. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1986;155:531-543 (Pubitemid 16031138)
17. Solomon CG, Hu FB, Dunaif A, et al. Long or highly irregular menstrual cycles as a marker for risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus. JAMA 2001;286:2421-2426 (Pubitemid 33098160)
18. Malik S, Wong ND, Franklin SS, et al. Impact of the metabolic syndrome on mortality from coronary heart disease, cardiovascular disease, and all causes in United States adults. Circulation 2004;110:1245-1250 (Pubitemid 39202340)
19. Rutter MK, Meigs JB, Sullivan LM, D́Agostino RB Sr, Wilson PW. C-reactive protein, the metabolic syndrome, and prediction of cardiovascular events in the Framingham Offspring Study. Circulation 2004;110:380-385 (Pubitemid 38993845)
20. Wild RA, Grubb B, Hartz A, Van Nort JJ, Bachman W, Bartholomew M. Clinical signs of androgen excess as risk factors for coronary artery disease. Fertil Steril 1990;54:255-259 (Pubitemid 20256232)
21. Krentz AJ, von Mühlen D, Barrett-Connor E. Searching for polycystic ovary syndrome in postmenopausal women: evidence of a dose-effect association with prevalent cardiovascular disease. Menopause 2007;14:284-292 (Pubitemid 46673480)
22. Shaw LJ, Bairey Merz CN, Azziz R, et al. Postmenopausal women with a history of irregular menses and elevated androgen measurements at high risk for worsening cardiovascular event-free survival: results from the National Institutes of Health-National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute sponsored Womeńs Ischemia Syndrome Evaluation. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008;93:1276-1284
23. Spencer JB, Klein M, Kumar A, Azziz R. The age-associated decline of androgens in reproductive age and menopausal black and white women. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2007;92:4730-4733 (Pubitemid 350223451)
24. Winters SJ, Talbott E, Guzick DS, Zborowski J, McHugh KP. Serum testosterone levels decrease in middle age in women with the polycystic ovary syndrome. Fertil Steril 2000;73:724-729 (Pubitemid 30154110)
25. Loucks TL, Talbott EO, McHugh KP, Keelan M, Berga SL, Guzick DS. Do polycystic-appearing ovaries affect the risk of cardiovascular disease among women with polycystic ovary syndrome? Fertil Steril 2000;74:547-552
26. Rumberger JA, Simons DB, Fitzpatrick LA, Sheedy PF, Schwartz RS. Coronary artery calcium area by electron-beam computed tomography and coronary atherosclerotic plaque area. A histopathologic correlative study. Circulation 1995;92: 2157-2162
27. Schmermund A, Baumgart D, Görge G, et al. Measuring the effect of risk factors on coronary atherosclerosis: coronary calcium score versus angiographic disease severity. J Am Coll Cardiol 1998;31:1267-1273 (Pubitemid 28219116)
28. Lorenz MW, Markus HS, Bots ML, Rosvall M, Sitzer M. Prediction of clinical cardiovascular events with carotid intima-media thickness: a systematic review and metaanalysis. Circulation 2007;115:459-467 (Pubitemid 46184197)
29. Gokce N, Keaney JF Jr, Hunter LM, et al. Predictive value of noninvasively determined endothelial dysfunction for longterm cardiovascular events in patients with peripheral vascular disease. J Am Coll Cardiol 2003;41:1769-1775 (Pubitemid 36584251)
30. Loria CM, Liu K, Lewis CE, et al. Early adult risk factor levels and subsequent coronary artery calcification: the CARDIA Study. J Am Coll Cardiol 2007;49:2013-2020 (Pubitemid 46734638)
31. Christian RC, Dumesic DA, Behrenbeck T, Oberg AL, Sheedy PF II, Fitzpatrick LA. Prevalence and predictors of coronary artery calcification in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2003;88:2562-2568 (Pubitemid 36724424)
32. Shroff R, Kerchner A, Maifeld M, Van Beek EJ, Jagasia D, Dokras A. Young obese women with polycystic ovary syndrome have evidence of early coronary atherosclerosis. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2007;92:4609-4614 (Pubitemid 350223434)
33. Talbott EO, Zborowski JV, Rager JR, Boudreaux MY, Edmundowicz DA, Guzick DS. Evidence for an association between metabolic cardiovascular syndrome and coronary and aortic calcification among women with polycystic ovary syndrome. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2004;89:5454-5461 (Pubitemid 39518426)
34. Jain T, Peshock R, McGuire DK, et al; Dallas Heart Study Investigators. African Americans and Caucasians have a similar prevalence of coronary calcium in the Dallas Heart Study. J Am Coll Cardiol 2004;44:1011-1017
35. Talbott EO, Guzick DS, Sutton-Tyrrell K, et al. Evidence for association between polycystic ovary syndrome and premature carotid atherosclerosis in middle-aged women. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2000;20:2414-2421 (Pubitemid 30825076)
36. Orio F Jr, Palomba S, Cascella T, et al. Early impairment of endothelial structure and function in young normal-weight women with polycystic ovary syndrome. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2004;89:4588-4593 (Pubitemid 39244474)
37. Carmina E, Orio F, Palomba S, et al. Endothelial dysfunction in PCOS: role of obesity and adipose hormones. Am J Med 2006;119:351.e1-6
38. Vryonidou A, Papatheodorou A, Tavridou A, et al. Association of hyperandrogenemic and metabolic phenotype with carotid intima-media thickness in young women with polycystic ovary syndrome. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2005;90: 2740-2746 (Pubitemid 40686318)
39. Meyer C, McGrath BP, Cameron J, Kotsopoulos D, Teede HJ. Vascular dysfunction and metabolic parameters in polycystic ovary syndrome. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2005; 90:4630-4635 (Pubitemid 41159353)
40. Talbott EO, Zborowski JV, Boudreaux MY, McHugh-Pemu KP, Sutton-Tyrrell K, Guzick DS. The relationship between C-reactive protein and carotid intima-media wall thickness in middle-aged women with polycystic ovary syndrome. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2004;89:6061-6067 (Pubitemid 39628415)
41. Meyer C, McGrath BP, Teede HJ. Overweight women with polycystic ovary syndrome have evidence of subclinical cardiovascular disease. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2005;90: 5711-5716 (Pubitemid 41415480)
42. Tarkun I, Arslan BC, Cantürk Z, Türemen E, Sahin T, Duman C. Endothelial dysfunction in young women with polycystic ovary syndrome: relationship with insulin resistance and low-grade chronic inflammation. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2004;89:5592-5596 (Pubitemid 39518445)
43. Dokras A, Jagasia DH, Maifeld M, Sinkey CA, VanVoorhis BJ, Haynes WG. Obesity and insulin resistance but not hyperandrogenism mediates vascular dysfunction in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Fertil Steril 2006;86:1702-1709 (Pubitemid 44778724)
44. Lakhani K, Leonard A, Seifalian AM, Hardiman P. Microvascular dysfunction in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Hum Reprod 2005;20:3219-3224 (Pubitemid 41662682)
45. Paradisi G, Steinberg HO, Hempfling A, et al. Polycystic ovary syndrome is associated with endothelial dysfunction. Circulation 2001;103:1410-1415 (Pubitemid 32220633)
46. Rosamond W, Flegal K, Friday G, et al; American Heart Association Statistics Committee and Stroke Statistics Subcommittee. Heart disease and stroke statistics-2007 update: a report from the American Heart Association Statistics Committee and Stroke Statistics Subcommittee. Circulation 2007;115:e69-e171
47. Kardys I, Vliegenthart R, Oudkerk M, Hofman A, Witteman JC. The female advantage in cardiovascular disease: do vascular beds contribute equally? Am J Epidemiol 2007;166:403-412
48. Haffner SM, Lehto S, Rönnemaa T, Pyörälä K, Laakso M. Mortality from coronary heart disease in subjects with type 2 diabetes and in nondiabetic subjects with and without prior myocardial infarction. N Engl J Med 1998;339:229-234 (Pubitemid 28350165)
49. Grundy SM, Howard B, Smith SJr, Eckel R, Redberg R, Bonow RO. Prevention Conference VI: Diabetes and Cardiovascular Disease: executive summary: conference proceeding for healthcare professionals from a special writing group of the American Heart Association. Circulation 2002; 105:2231-2239 (Pubitemid 34517172)
50. Schramm TK, Gislason GH, Køber L, et al. Diabetes patients requiring glucose-lowering therapy and nondiabetics with a prior myocardial infarction carry the same cardiovascular risk: a population study of 3.3 million people. Circulation 2008;117:1945-1954 (Pubitemid 351543470)
51. Sowers JR. Diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease in women. Arch Intern Med 1998;158:617-621 (Pubitemid 28144819)
52. Gregg EW, Gu Q, Cheng YJ, Narayan KM, Cowie CC. Mortality trends in men and women with diabetes, 1971 to 2000. Ann Intern Med 2007;147:149-155
53. Legro RS, Kunselman AR, Dodson WC, Dunaif A. Prevalence and predictors of risk for type 2 diabetes mellitus and impaired glucose tolerance in polycystic ovary syndrome: a prospective, controlled study in 254 affected women. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1999;84:165-169 (Pubitemid 29036695)
54. Ehrmann DA, Barnes RB, Rosenfield RL, Cavaghan MK, Imperial J. Prevalence of impaired glucose tolerance and diabetes in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Diabetes Care 1999;22:141-146 (Pubitemid 29028311)
55. Legro RS, Gnatuk CL, Kunselman AR, Dunaif A. Changes in glucose tolerance over time in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: a controlled study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2005;90:3236-3242 (Pubitemid 41014281)
56. Boudreaux MY, Talbott EO, Kip KE, Brooks MM, Witchel SF. Risk of T2DM and impaired fasting glucose among PCOS subjects: results of an 8-year follow-up. Curr Diab Rep 2006;6:77-83
57. Norman RJ, Masters L, Milner CR, Wang JX, Davies MJ. Relative risk of conversion from normoglycaemia to impaired glucose tolerance or non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus in polycystic ovarian syndrome. Hum Reprod 2001;16:1995-1998 (Pubitemid 32916235)
58. Saad MF, Knowler WC, Pettitt DJ, Nelson RG, Mott DM, Bennett PH. The natural history of impaired glucose tolerance in the Pima Indians. N Engl J Med 1988;319: 1500-1506 (Pubitemid 19003408)
59. Kim C, Newton KM, Knopp RH. Gestational diabetes and the incidence of type 2 diabetes: a systematic review. Diabetes Care 2002;25:1862-1868