Caring time policies in western Europe: Trends and implications

Comparative European Politics

Volumn 7, Issue 1, 2009, Pages 37-55

  Morgan, Kimberly J ^a  

^a GEORGE WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

Care; Parental leave; Part time work; Welfare state

Indexed keywords

EID: 67650241916     PISSN: 14724790     EISSN: 1740388X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1057/cep.2008.40     Document Type: Article

References (66)

1. Berg, A. (2006) Commission proposes right to full-time employment. EIROnline, 1 November, http://www.eurofound.europa.eu/eiro/2006/01/ inbrief/se0601101n.htm, accessed 29 December 2007.
2. Bergqvist, C., Kuusipalo, J. and Styrkarsdóttir, A. (1999) The Debate on Childcare Policies. In: C. Bergqvist, J. Kuusipalo and A. Styrkarsdóttir (eds.) Nordic Democracies: Gender and Politics in the Nordic Countries. Oslo, Norway: Scandinavian University Press.
3. Bleijenbergh, I. and Roggeband, C. (2007) Equality machineries matter: The impact of women's political pressure on European Social-Care Policies. Social Politics: International Studies in Gender, State and Society 14(4): 1-23.
4. Boje, T. (1996) Gender, work time and flexible employment: The case of Denmark. Time and Society 5(3): 341-361.
5. Bonoli, G. (2005) The politics of the new social policies: Providing coverage against new social risks in mature welfare states. Policy & Politics 33(3): 431-449.
6. Borchorst, A. (2006) The Public-Private Split Rearticulated: Abolishment of the Danish Parental Leave. In: A.L. Ellingsæter and A. Leira (eds.) Politicising Parenthood in Scandinavia: Gender Relations in Welfare States. Bristol, MA: The Policy Press, pp. 101-120.
7. Brachet, S. (2001) Politique familiale et assurance parentale en Suède: une synthè se. CAF Dossiers d'études. Paris, France: Caisse Nationale d' Allocations Families.
8. Brunk, T. (2007) Increase in parental benefit has minimal impact on fathers' take-up rate. EIROnline, http://www.eurofound.europa.eu/eiro/ 2007/07/articles/se0707019i.htm, accessed 30 June 2008.
9. Charles, M. and Grusky, D.B. (2004) Occupational Ghettos: The Worldwide Segregation of Women and Men. Palo Alto, CA: Stanford University Press.
10. Corral, A. and Isusi, I. (2003) Part-Time Work in Europe. Dublin: European Foundation for the Improvement of Living and Working Conditions.
11. Daly, M. (1997) Welfare states under pressure: Cash benefits in European welfare states over the last ten years. Journal of European Social Policy 7(2): 129-146.
12. Datta Gupta, N., Smith, N. and Verner, M. (2006) Child Care and Parental Leave in the Nordic Countries: A Model to Aspire to? Bonn, Germany: Institute for the Study of Labor. IZA Discussion Paper Series no. 2014.
13. Deutsche Welle. (2007) Germany's social democrats flounder as Merkel's star rises. Deutsche Welle, 27 March.
14. Deven, F. and Moss, P. (2002) Leave arrangements for parents: Overview and future outlook. Community, Work and Family 5(3): 237-255.
15. EGGSIE (European Expert Group on Gender, Social Inclusion, and Employment). (2005) Reconciliation of Work and Private Life: A Comparative Review of Thirty European Countries. Luxembourg: Office for Official Publications of the European Communities.
16. Ellingsæter, A.L. (2006) The Norwegian Childcare Regime and its Paradoxes. In: A.L. Ellingsæter and A. Leira (eds.) Politicising Parenthood in Scandinavia: Gender Relations in Welfare States. Bristol, UK: The Policy Press, pp. 121-144.
17. Ellingsæter, A.L. and Leira, A. (2006) Introduction: Politicising Parenthood in Scandinavia. In: A.L. Ellingsæter and A. Leira (eds.) Politicising Parenthood in Scandinavia: Gender Relations in Welfare States. Bristol, MA: The Policy Press, pp. 1-24.
18. Equal Opportunities Ombudsman. (2006) Parenthood & Parental Insurance - The Current Situation in Sweden. Stockholm, Sweden: Equal Opportunities Ombudsman, http://www.jamombud.se/inenglish/docs/ TheEqualOpportunitiesOmbudsmanParenthoodParentalInsurance20065D1.pdf, accessed 30 June 2008.
19. Esping-Andersen, G. (1999) The Social Foundations of Postindustrial Economies. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.
20. Estévez-Abe, M. (2005) Gender bias in skills and social policies: The varieties of capitalism perspective on sex segregation. Social Politics: International Studies in Gender, State & Society12(2): 180-215.
21. European Foundation for the Improvement of Living and Working Conditions. (2007) Part-Time Work in European Companies. Dublin: European Foundation for the Improvement of Living and Working Conditions.
22. Fagan, C. (2003) Working-Time Preferences and Work-Life Balance in the EU: Some Policy Considerations for Enhancing the Quality of Life. Dublin: European Foundation for the Improvement of Living and Working Conditions.
23. Fraser, N. (1994) After the family wage. Gender equity and the welfare state. Political Theory 22(4): 591-618.
24. Gauthier, A.-H. (1996) The State and the Family: A Comparative Analysis of Family Policies in Industrialized Countries. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
25. Gornick, J. (2001) Cancel the funeral: Reports of the demise of the European welfare state are premature. Dissent 48(3): 13-18.
26. Gornick, J. and Meyers, M. (2003) Families that Work: Policies for Reconciling Parenthood and Employment. NY: Russell Sage Foundation.
27. Gottfried, H. and O'Reilly, J. (2002) Re-regulating breadwinner models in socially conservative welfare regimes: Comparing Germany and Japan. Social Politics 9(1): 29-59.
28. Haas, L., Chronholm, A. and Hwang, P. (2006) Sweden. In: P. Moss and M. O'Brien (eds.) International Review of Leave Policies and Related Research 2006. London: Department of Trade and Industry Employment Relations Research Series 57.
29. Hä usermann, S. (2006) Changing coalitions in social policy reforms: The politics of new social needs and demands. Journal of European Social Policy 16(1): 5-21.
30. Hege, A. (2006) Pè res, femmes, enfants, migrants: Changement de paradigme et résistances. Chronique internationale de l'IRES 101(July): 11-21.
31. Heinen, J. and de Koenigswarter, H.M. (2001) Framing citizenship in France and Finland in the 1990s: Restructuring motherhood, work, and care. Social Politics 8(2): 170-181.
32. Hellmark, A.-B. (2006) Part-time employment an issue for policymakers. EIROnline, 4 December, http://www.eurofound.europa.eu/eiro/2006/02/ feature/se0602103f.htm, accessed 29 December 2007.
33. Houlder, V. (2007) Delay for parental leave laws. Financial Times, 13 October: p. 4.
34. Klammer, U. and Letablier, M.-T. (2007) Family policies in Germany and France: The role of enterprises and social partners. Social Policy & Administration 41(6): 672-692.
35. Klinth, R. (2008) The best of both worlds? Fatherhood and gender equality in Swedish paternity leave campaigns, 1976-2006. Fathering 6(1): 20-38.
36. Knijn, T., Martin, C. and Millar, J. (2007) Activation as a common framework for social policies towards lone parents. Social Policy & Administration 41(6): 638-652.
37. Lammi-Taskula, J. (2006) Nordic Men on Parental Leave: Can the Welfare State Change Gender Relations? In: A.L. Ellingsæter and A. Leira (eds.) Politicising Parenthood in Scandinavia: Gender Relations in Welfare States. Bristol, MA: The Policy Press, pp. 79-99.
38. Leira, A. (1998) Caring as social right: Cash for child care and daddy leave. Social Politics 5(3): 362-378.
39. Leira, A. (2006) Parenthood Change and Policy Reform in Scandinavia, 1970s-2000s. In: A.L. Ellingsæter and A. Leira (eds.) Politicising Parenthood in Scandinavia: Gender Relations in Welfare States. Bristol, MA: The Policy Press, pp. 27-51.
40. Levy, J. (1999) Vice into virtue? Progressive politics and welfare reform in continental Europe. Politics and Society 27(2): 239-273.
41. Lewis, J. (2002) Gender and welfare state change. European Societies 4(4): 331-357.
42. Lewis, J. and Campbell, M. (2007) Work/family balance policies in the UK since 1997: A new departure? Journal of Social Policy 36(3): 365-381.
43. Mahon, R. (2002) Child care: Toward what kind of 'Social Europe?' Social Politics 9(3): 343-379.
44. Mahon, R. (2008) Babies and Bosses: Gendering the OECD's Social Policy Discourse. In: R. Mahon and S. McBride (eds.) The OECD and Transnational Governance. Vancouver, BC: University of British Columbia Press, pp. 26-275.
45. Mandel, H. and Semyonov, M. (2005) Family policies, wage structures, and gender gaps: Sources of earnings inequality in 20 countries. American Sociological Review 70(6): 949-967.
46. Merla, L. and Deven, F. (2006) Belgium. In: P. Moss and M. O'Brien (eds.) International Review of Leave Policies and Related Research 2006. London: Department of Trade and Industry Employment Relations Research Series no. 57.
47. Morel, N. (2007) From subsidiarity to 'free choicé: Child- and elder-care policy reforms in France, Belgium, Germany and the Netherlands. Social Policy & Administration 41(6): 618-637.
48. Morgan, K.J. (2006) Working Mothers and the Welfare State: Religion and the Politics of Work- Family Policies in Western Europe and the United States. Palo Alto, CA: Stanford University Press.
49. Morgan, K.J. (2008a) Towards the Europeanization of Work-Family Policies? The Impact of the EU on Policies for Working Parents. In: S. Roth (ed.) Gender Politics in the Expanding European Union. Oxford, UK/New York, US: Berghahn Books, pp. 37-59.
50. Morgan, K.J. (2008b) The political path to a dual earner/dual carer society: Pitfalls and possibilities. Politics & Society 36(3): 403-420.
51. Morgan, K.J. and Zippel, K. (2003) Paid to care: The origins and effects of care leave policies in Western Europe. Social Politics: International Studies in Gender, State and Society 10(1): 49-85.
52. Moss, P. and Deven, F. (1999) Parental Leave in Context. In: P. Moss and F. Deven (eds.) Parental Leave: Progress or Pitfall? The Hague, the Netherlands; Belgium, Brussels: NIDI/CBGS Publications, pp. 1-24.
53. Moss, P. and O'Brien, M. (2006) United Kingdom. In: P. Moss and M. O'Brien (eds.) International Review of Leave Policies and Related Research 2006. London: Department of Trade and Industry Employment Relations Research Series no. 57.
54. National Agency for Education. (2007) Descriptive Data on Childcare, Schools, and Adult Education in Sweden 2006. Stockholm: National Agency for Education. Report no. 283.
55. Nyberg, A. (2000) From foster mothers to child care centers: A history of working mothers and child care in Sweden. Feminist Economics 6(1): 5-20.
56. Orloff, A.S. (2005) Farewell to Maternalism: Welfare Reform, Liberalism, and the End of Mothers' Right to Choose between Employment and Full-time Care. Northwestern University, IL: Institute for Policy Research. Working Paper WP-05-10.
57. Palier, B. and Martin, C. (eds.) (2007) Special issue: Reforming the Bismarckian welfare systems. Social Policy & Administration 41(6): 535-692.
58. Pierson, P. (1994) Dismantling the Welfare State? Reagan, Thatcher and the Politics of Retrechment. Cambridge: Cambridge Unversity Press.
59. Portegijs, W., Hermans, B. and Lalta, V. (2006) Emancipatiemonitor 2006. The Hague, The Netherlands: Sociaal en Cultureel Planbureau.
60. Rostgaard, T., Christoffersen, M.N. and Weise, H. (1999) Parental Leave in Denmark. In: P. Moss and F. Deven (eds.) Parental Leave: Progress or Pitfall? Brussels, Belgium: NIDI CBGS Publications, pp. 25-34.
61. Stark, L. and Kohler, H.-P. (2000) The Public Perception and Discussion of Falling Birth Rates: The Recent Debate over Low Fertility in the Popular Press. Rostock: Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research. MPIDR Working Paper 2000-2009.
62. Stratigaki, M. (2004) The cooptation of gender concepts in EU policies: The case of 'Reconciliation of Work and Family'. Social Politics: International Studies in Gender, State & Society. 11(1): 30-56.
63. Sundströ m, M. (1993) The growth in full-time work among Swedish women in the 1980s. Acta Sociologica 36(2): 139-150.
64. Treib, O. and Falkner, G. (2004) The EU and New Social Risks: The Need for a Differentiated Evaluation. Conference of Europeanists; 11-13 March, Chicago, IL.
65. Visser, J. (2002) The first part-time economy in the world: A model to be followed? Journal of European Social Policy 12(1): 23-42.
66. Wierink, M. (2004) La place des enfants dans la combinaison famille-emploi aux Pays-Bas. Recherches et prévisions 75: 61-74.