Intergroup contact, friendship quality and political attitudes in integrated and segregated schools in Northern Ireland

British Journal of Educational Psychology

Volumn 79, Issue 2, 2009, Pages 239-257

  Stringer, Maurice ^a   Irwing, P ^b   Giles, M ^a   McClenahan, C ^a   Wilson, R ^a   Hunter, J A ^a,c  

^a UNIVERSITY OF ULSTER   (United Kingdom)

^b UNIVERSITY OF MANCHESTER   (United Kingdom)

^c UNIVERSITY OF OTAGO   (New Zealand)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ADOLESCENT; ARTICLE; ATTITUDE; CHILD; CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY; FACTORIAL ANALYSIS; FEMALE; FRIEND; HUMAN; MALE; POLITICS; PSYCHOLOGICAL ASPECT; RELIGION; SCHOOL; SOCIAL BEHAVIOR; SOCIAL DISTANCE; SOCIAL ENVIRONMENT; SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY; UNITED KINGDOM;

ADOLESCENT; ATTITUDE; CATHOLICISM; CHILD; CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDIES; FACTOR ANALYSIS, STATISTICAL; FEMALE; FRIENDS; HUMANS; MALE; NORTHERN IRELAND; POLITICS; PREJUDICE; PROTESTANTISM; RELIGION AND PSYCHOLOGY; SCHOOLS; SOCIAL DISTANCE; SOCIAL ENVIRONMENT; SOCIAL IDENTIFICATION;

EID: 67650143325     PISSN: 00070998     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1348/978185408X368878     Document Type: Article

References (64)

1. Abbott, L., Dunn, S. & Morgan, V. (1997) An analytical literature review of integrated education and related factors in Northern Ireland. Centre for the study of conflict, University of Ulster.
2. Allport, G. W. (1954). The nature of prejudice. New York, NY: Addison-Wesley.
3. Amir, Y. (1969). Contact hypothesis in ethnic relations. Psychological Bulletin, 71, 319-342.
4. Anderson, J. C., & Gerbing, D. W. (1988). Structural equation modelling in practice: A review and recommended two step approach. Psychological Bulletin, 103, 411-423.
5. Arbuckle, J. L. (1996). Full information estimation in the presence of incomplete data. In G. A. Marcoulides & R. E. Schumacker (Eds.), Advanced structural equation modelling: Issues and techniques (pp.315-335). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.
6. Braddock, J. H., & McPartland, J. M. (1989). Social-psychological processes that perpetuate racial segregation: The relationship between school and employment desegregation. Journal of Black Studies, 19, 267-289.
7. Brown, R., & Hewstone, M. (2005). An integrative theory of intergroup contact. Advances in Experimental Social Psychology, 37, 255-343.
8. Brown, R., Vivian, J., & Hewstone, M. (1999). Changing attitudes through intergroup contact: The effects of group membership salience. European Journal of Social Psychology, 29, 741-764.
9. Bukowski, W. M., Hoza, B., & Boivin, M. (1994). Measuring friendship quality during pre- and early adolescence: The development and psychometric properties of the friendship qualities scale. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 11, 471-484.
10. Cairns, Dunn & Gallagher (1993) Intergroup contact in a Northern Irish University setting: Report to the central community relations unit. Coleraine, Centre for the Study of Conflict.
11. Clack, B., Dixon, J., & Tredoux, C. (2004). Eating together apart: Patterns of segregation in a multi- ethnic cafeteria. Journal of Community and Applied Social Psychology, 15(1), 1-16.
12. Dixon, J., & Durrheim, K. (2003). Contact and the ecology of racial division: Some varieties of informal segregation. British Journal of Social Psychology, 42(1), 1-23.
13. Dixon, J., Durrheim, K., & Tredoux, C. (2005). Beyond the optimal contact strategy: A reality check for the contact hypothesis. American Psychologist, 60(7), 697-711.
14. Donnelly, C. (2004). What price harmony? Teacher's methods of delivering an ethos of tolerance and respect for diversity in an integrated school in Northern Ireland. Educational Research, 46(1),3-16.
15. Dunn, S., & Morgan, V. (1999). A fraught path-education as a basis for developing community relations in Northern Ireland. Oxford Review of Education, 25, 141-153.
16. Gallagher, A. M. (1995). The approach of government: Community relations and equity. In S. Dunn (Ed.), Facets of the conflict in Northern Ireland (pp.27-43). New York: St. Martin's Press.
17. Hamberger, J., & Hewstone, M. (1997). Inter-ethnic contact as a predictor of prejudice: Tests of a model in four West European nations. British Journal of Social Psychology, 36, 173-190.
18. Hargie, O., Dickson, D., Mallet, J. & Stringer, M. (in press) Communicating social identity: A study of Catholics and Protestants in Northern Ireland. Communication Research.
19. Hayes, B., McAllister, I. & Dowds, L. (2006) In search of the middle ground: Integrated education and Northern Ireland politics. Ark Research Update 42, http://www.ark.ac.uk/publications/ updates/
20. Herek, G. M., & Capitanio, J. P. (1996). "Some of my best friends": Intergroup contact, concealable stigmata and heterosexuals' attitudes toward gay men and lesbians. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 22, 412-424.
21. Hewstone, M., & Brown, R. (1986). Contact and conflict in intergroup encounters. Oxford: Blackwell.
22. Hewstone, M., Cairns, E., Voci, A., Paolini, S., McLernon, F., Crisp, R., et al. (2005). Intergroup contact in a divided society: Challenging segregation in Northern Ireland. In D. Abrams, J. M. Marques, & M. A. Hogg (Eds.), The social psychology of inclusion and exclusion (pp.265-292). Philadelphia, PA: Psychology Press.
23. Hoogland, J. J., & Boomsma, A. (1998). Robustness studies in covariance modeling: An overview and a meta-analysis. Sociological Methods and Research, 26, 329-367.
24. Hu, L., & Bentler, P. M. (1998). Fit indices in covariance structure modelling: Sensitivity to underparametrized model misspecification. Psychological Methods, 3, 424-453.
25. Hu, L., & Bentler, P. M. (1999). Cutoff criteria for fit indices in covariance structure analysis: Conventional versus new alternatives. Structural Equation Modelling, 6, 1-55.
26. Hunter, J., Stringer, M., & Watson, R. P. (1991). Intergroup violence and intergroup Attribution. British Journal of Social Psychology, 30, 261-266.
27. Hunter, J., Platow, M. J., Howard, M., & Stringer, M. (1996). Social identity and intergroup evaluative bias: Realistic categories and domain specific self-esteem in a conflict setting. European Journal of Social Psychology, 26, 631-647.
28. Irwin, C. (1991) Education and the development of social integration in divided societies. Unpublished PhD, Department of Anthropology: Queens University Belfast.
29. Irwing, P., & Stringer, M. (2000). New measures of political attitudes in Northern Ireland: A social identity perspective. Journal of Community and Applied Social Psychology, 10(2), 139-154.
30. Islam, M. R., & Hewstone, M. (1993). Dimensions of contact as predictors of intergroup anxiety, perceived out-group variability, and out-group attitude an integrative model. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 19, 700-710.
31. Joreskog, K. G. (1993). Testing structural equation models. In K. A. Bollen & J. S. Long (Eds.), Testing structural equation models (pp.294-316). London: Sage.
32. Levin, J. R., Serlin, R. C., & Seaman, M. A. (1994). A controlled, powerful multiple-comparison strategy for several situations. Psychological Bulletin, 115, 153-159.
33. Lippa, R. (1998). Gender-related individual differences and the structure of vocational interests: The importance of the people - things dimension. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 74, 996-1009.
34. Marsh, H. W., Balla, J. R., & Hau, K.-T. (1996). An evaluation of incremental fit indices: A clarification of mathematical and empirical properties. In G. A. Marcoulides & R. E. Schumacker (Eds.), Advanced structural equation modelling: Issues and techniques (pp.315-335). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.
35. McClenahan, C., Cairns, E., Dunn, S., & Morgan, V. (1995). Intergroup friendships: Integrated and desegregated schools in Northern Ireland. The Journal of Social Psychology, 136(5), 549-558.
36. McGlynn, C. (2001) The impact of post primary integrated education in Northern Ireland on past pupils: A study. Ph. D. thesis, University of Ulster.
37. McGlynn, C. (2004). Education for peace in integrated schools: A priority for Northern Ireland? Child care in Practice, 10(2), 85-94.
38. McGlynn, C., Neins, U., Cairns, E., & Hewstone, M. (2004). Moving out of conflict: The contribution of integrated schools in Northern Ireland to identity, attitudes, forgiveness and reconciliation. Journal of Peace Education, 1(2), 147-163.
39. Millar, D., & Stringer, M. (1991). Group affiliation and confidence in denominational categorization in Northern Ireland. Journal of Community and Applied Social Psychology, 1, 223-226.
40. O'Connor, F. (2002). A shared childhood: The story of the integrated schools in Northern Ireland. Belfast: Blackstaff Press.
41. Paolini, S., Hewstone, M., Cairns, E., & Voici, A. (2004). Effects of direct and indirect cross-group friendships on judgments of Catholics and Protestants in Northern Ireland: The mediating role of an anxiety-reduction mechanism. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 30, 770-786.
42. Pettigrew, T. F. (1998). Intergroup contact theory. Annual Review of Psychology, 49, 65-85.
43. Pettigrew, T. F., & Tropp, L. R. (2006). A meta-analytic test of intergroup contact theory. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 90, no., 5, 751-783.
44. Powers, D. A., & Ellison, C. G. (1995). Interracial contact and black racial attitudes: The contact hypothesis and selectivity bias. Social Forces, 74, 205-226.
45. Russell, M. J. (1961). Study of a South African inter-racial neighbourhood. Durban, South Africa, University of Natal: Durban.
46. St. John, N. H. (1975). School desegregation: Outcomes for children. New York, NY: Wiley.
47. Schafer, J. L. (1997). Analysis of incomplete multivariate data. New York, NY: Chapman & Hall.
48. Schofield, J. W. (1991). School desegregation and intergroup relations: A review of the literature. In G. Grant (Ed.), Review of research in education (Vol. 17, pp.335-409). Washington, DC: American Educational Research Association.
49. Schofield, J. W. (1995a). Improving intergroup relations among students. In J. A. Banks & C. A. McGee Banks (Eds.), Handbook of research on multicultural education (pp.635-646). New York, NY: MacMillan.
50. Schofield, J. W. (1995b). Review of research on school desegregation's impact on elementary and secondary students. In J. A. Banks & C. A. McGee Banks (Eds.), Handbook of research on multicultural education (pp.597-616). New York, NY: MacMillan.
51. Schofield, J. W., & Eurich-Fulcher, R. (2003). When and how school desegregation improves intergroup relations. In R. Brown & S. Gaertner (Eds.), Intergroup processes (pp.475-494). Oxford: Blackwell Publishers.
52. Schubotz, D. & Robinson, G. (2006) Cross-community integration and mixing: Does it make a difference? ARK Research Update, 43, http://www.ark.ac.uk/publications/updates/
53. Shirlow, P., & Murtagh, B. (2006). Belfast: Segregation, violence and the city. London: Pluto Press.
54. Smith, A. (2001). Religious segregation and the emergence of integrated schools in Northern Ireland. Oxford Review of Education, 27(4), 559-575.
55. Stephan, W. G. & Stephan, C. W. (1996) An integrated threat theory of prejudice. Paper Presented at the 26th International Psychology Congress, Montreal.
56. Stevens, J. (1992). Applied multivariate statistics for the social sciences. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
57. Stringer, M., & Vhattum, O. (1990). Intergroup contact and communication among Northern Irish University students. Irish Journal of Education, 3, 1-15.
58. Stringer, M., Wilson, R., Irwing, P., Giles, M. McClenahan, C., & Curtis L. (2000) The impact of secondary schooling on political attitudes in Northern Ireland. Report to Integrated Education Fund.
59. Trew, K. (1986). Catholic-Protestant contact in Northern Ireland. In M. Hewstone & R. Brown (Eds.), Contact and conflict in intergroup encounters. Oxford: Blackwell.
60. Turner, R., Hewstone, M., & Voci, A. (2007). Reducing explicit and implicit outgroup prejudice via direct and extended contact: The mediating role of self-disclosure and intergroup anxiety. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 93(3), 369-388.
61. Werts, C. E., Rock, D. R., Linn, R. L., & Jöreskog, K. G. (1978). A general method of estimating the reliability of a composite. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 38, 933-993.
62. Wothke, W. (2000). Longitudinal and multi-group modelling with missing data. In T. D. Little, K. U. Schnabel, & J. Baumgart (Eds.), Modeling longitudinal and multiple group data: Practical issues, applied approaches and specific examples (pp.219-240). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
63. Wright, S. C., Aron, A., McLaughlin-Volpe, T., & Ropp, S. A. (1997). The extended contact effect: Knowledge of cross-group friendships and prejudice. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 73, 73-90.
64. Whyte, J. (1990). Interpreting Northern Ireland. Oxford: Clarendon Press.