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Dialkylzinc reagents, zinc powder, triethylsilane, triethylboranes, and DIBAL-H have been used as the reducing agent in this type of transformation
-
Dialkylzinc reagents, zinc powder, triethylsilane, triethylboranes, and DIBAL-H have been used as the reducing agent in this type of transformation.
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25
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For recent examples, see: (a) Kimura, M.; Ezoe, A.; Mori, M.; Iwata, K.; Tamura, Y. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2005, 127, 201.
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67649961049
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For examples of Ni-catalyzed reductive cyclization processes with the methyl shift involving Me2Zn, see ref. 5a and references cited therein
-
2Zn, see ref. 5a and references cited therein.
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36
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0037205927
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For a example of Rh-catalyzed homodimerization of 1,6-enynes, see: (a) Evans, P. A.; Robinson, J. E.; Baum, E. W.; Fazal, A. N. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2002, 124, 8782.
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For a example of Rh-catalyzed homodimerization of 1,6-enynes, see: (a) Evans, P. A.; Robinson, J. E.; Baum, E. W.; Fazal, A. N. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2002, 124, 8782.
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37
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0037205878
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For similar reactions of dieneynes catalyzed by Rh, see: b
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For similar reactions of dieneynes catalyzed by Rh, see: (b) DeBoef, B.; Gilbertson, S. R. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2002, 124, 8784.
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0034007402
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For examples of nickel metallocyclopentadienes in the homodimerization of 1,3-perfluoroalkylenynes, see: (d) Saito, S, Tanaka, T, Koizumi, T, Tsuboya, N, Itagaki, H, Kawasaki, T, Endo, S, Yamamoto, Y. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2000, 122, 1810
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For examples of nickel metallocyclopentadienes in the homodimerization of 1,3-perfluoroalkylenynes, see: (d) Saito, S.; Tanaka, T.; Koizumi, T.; Tsuboya, N.; Itagaki, H.; Kawasaki, T.; Endo, S.; Yamamoto, Y. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2000, 122, 1810.
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(e) Saito, S.; Kawasaki, T.; Tsuboya, N.; Yamamoto, Y. J. Org. Chem. 2001, 66, 796.
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42
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13644255984
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3P and 5 mol% of Ni(acac)2 only led to a ratio of 1.5:1 favoring the [2+2+2] product 3a. Attempts to interject the reaction intermediate with a third alkyne (3 equiv) resulted in a complex mixture (when ethyl 3-phenylpropiolate was used) or the recovery of most of the starting 1,6-enyne 1a (when phenylacetylene or 1-hexyne were used), however, similar strategy was successful with Rh-catalyzed reactions of unactivated 1,6-enynes: (a) Baik, M.-H.; Baum, E. W.; Burland, M. C.; Evans, P. A. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2005, 127, 1602.
-
3P and 5 mol% of Ni(acac)2 only led to a ratio of 1.5:1 favoring the [2+2+2] product 3a. Attempts to interject the reaction intermediate with a third alkyne (3 equiv) resulted in a complex mixture (when ethyl 3-phenylpropiolate was used) or the recovery of most of the starting 1,6-enyne 1a (when phenylacetylene or 1-hexyne were used), however, similar strategy was successful with Rh-catalyzed reactions of unactivated 1,6-enynes: (a) Baik, M.-H.; Baum, E. W.; Burland, M. C.; Evans, P. A. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2005, 127, 1602.
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(b) Evans, P. A.; Lai, K. W.; Sawyer, J. R. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2005, 127, 12466.
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(c) Evans, P. A.; Sawyer, J. R.; Lai, K. W.; Huffman, J. C. Chem. Commun. 2005, 63.
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(d) Evans, P. A.; Baum, E. W.; Fazal, A. N.; Pink, M. Chem. Commun. 2005, 3971.
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46
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67649992085
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CCDC 690610(3a) contains the supplementary crystallographic data for this paper. These data can be obtained free of charge from The Cambridge Crystallographic Data Centre via www.ccdc.cam.ac.uk/ data-request/cif. See the Supporting Information for a figure of its X-ray structure.
-
CCDC 690610(3a) contains the supplementary crystallographic data for this paper. These data can be obtained free of charge from The Cambridge Crystallographic Data Centre via www.ccdc.cam.ac.uk/ data-request/cif. See the Supporting Information for a figure of its X-ray structure.
-
-
-
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47
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67649967291
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The [2+2+2+2] process has been found to be favored at a large loading amount of Ni catalyst for the dimerization of terminal 1,6-diynes, see ref. 10.
-
The [2+2+2+2] process has been found to be favored at a large loading amount of Ni catalyst for the dimerization of terminal 1,6-diynes, see ref. 10.
-
-
-
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48
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67649982648
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2Zn were used, the reaction failed to proceed.
-
2Zn were used, the reaction failed to proceed.
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-
-
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49
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0001353739
-
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For examples of similar phenomena: Tamao, K, Kobayashi, K, Ito, Y. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1988, 110, 1286; and ref. 7
-
For examples of similar phenomena: Tamao, K.; Kobayashi, K.; Ito, Y. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1988, 110, 1286; and ref. 7.
-
-
-
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50
-
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67649951574
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CCDC 690609(2h) contains the supplementary crystallographic data for this paper. These data can be obtained free of charge from The Cambridge Crystallographic Data Centre via www.ccdc.cam.ac.uk/ data-request/cif. See the Supporting Information for a figure of its X-ray structure.
-
CCDC 690609(2h) contains the supplementary crystallographic data for this paper. These data can be obtained free of charge from The Cambridge Crystallographic Data Centre via www.ccdc.cam.ac.uk/ data-request/cif. See the Supporting Information for a figure of its X-ray structure.
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-
-
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51
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0000952360
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For corresponding studies, see: a
-
For corresponding studies, see: (a) Didiuk, M. T.; Morken, J. P.; Hoveyda, A. H. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1995, 117, 7273.
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Hoveyda, A.H.3
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0029994911
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(b) Morken, J. P.; Didiuk, M. T.; Hoveyda, A. H. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 3613.
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(d) Didiuk, M. T.; Morken, J. P.; Hoveyda, A. H. Tetrahedron 1998, 54, 1117.
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0001760103
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and ref. 5a
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(f) Lautens, M.; Ma, S.; Rovis, T. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1995, 117, 532; and ref. 5a.
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57
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67649905080
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In ref. 7, the authors also proposed that oligomerization may be the possible reason for the decreased yield with 1j
-
In ref. 7, the authors also proposed that oligomerization may be the possible reason for the decreased yield with 1j.
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-
-
-
58
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18244392211
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For selected examples for the reductive cyclization of unactivated 1,6-enynes using Rh and Ti catalysts, see: (a) Jang, H.-Y.; Hughes, F. W.; Gong, H.; Zhang, J.; Brodbelt, J. S.; Krische, M. J. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2005, 127, 6174.
-
For selected examples for the reductive cyclization of unactivated 1,6-enynes using Rh and Ti catalysts, see: (a) Jang, H.-Y.; Hughes, F. W.; Gong, H.; Zhang, J.; Brodbelt, J. S.; Krische, M. J. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2005, 127, 6174.
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61
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67649905079
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3 or (R)-BINAP did not improve the product selectivity significantly.
-
3 or (R)-BINAP did not improve the product selectivity significantly.
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62
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67649939082
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Typical Procedure for the Dimerization of 1 with NiII/ Me2Zn Combination Under an atmosphere of argon, 3.2 mg (0.012 mmol) of Ni(acac)2 were added to a Schlenk tube, and the system was purged with argon three times. Then enyne 1a (86 mg, 0.3 mmol) in 3.0 mL of freshly distilled THF was added via a syringe followed by the addition of Me2Zn 0.3 mmol (1.2 M in toluene) in one portion [in the case of NiCl2(PCy3, Me2Zn was added at reflux, The reaction mixture was stirred for 1 h at r.t. before being quenched with sat. aq NH 4Cl soln. Then, the mixture was extracted with CH2Cl 2 (3 x 3 mL, dried with anhyd Na2SO4. After removal of the solvent in vacuum, the residue was purified by column chromatography (silica gel, PE-Et2O, 4:1) to provide the desired products 2a and 3a, 5E,10E)-Tetramethyl-5,10- diphenyl-3a,4,8
-
+: 595.2316 ± 0.002; found: 595.2302.
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