Environmental factors affecting the corrosion behavior of reinforcing steel III. Measurement of pitting corrosion currents of steel in Ca(OH)2 solutions under natural corrosion conditions

Corrosion Science

Volumn 51, Issue 8, 2009, Pages 1611-1618

  Abd El Aal, E E ^a   Abd El Wanees, S ^a   Diab, A ^a   Abd El Haleem, S M ^a  

^a Zagazig University   (Egypt)

Author keywords

A. Steel; A. Steel reinforced concrete; C. Passive films; C. Passivity; C. Pitting corrosion

Indexed keywords

A. STEEL; A. STEEL REINFORCED CONCRETE; C. PASSIVE FILMS; C. PASSIVITY; C. PITTING CORROSION;

ACTIVATION ENERGY; ARRHENIUS PLOTS; BUILDING MATERIALS; CALCIUM; CHLORINE COMPOUNDS; COLUMNS (STRUCTURAL); CONCRETE BUILDINGS; ELECTROLYSIS; ELECTROLYTIC CELLS; NEGATIVE IONS; PASSIVATION; REINFORCED CONCRETE; REINFORCEMENT; STEEL;

PITTING;

EID: 67649819349     PISSN: 0010938X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.corsci.2009.04.006     Document Type: Article

References (53)

1. Page C.L., and Vennesland O. Pore solution composition and chloride binding capacity of silica fume cement pastes. Materials and Structures 16 (1983) 19-25
2. Diamond S. Chloride concentrations in concrete pore solutions resulting from calcium and sodium chloride admixtures. Cement, Concrete and Aggregate 8 (1986) 97-102
3. Enevoldsen J.N., and Hansson C.M. The influence of internal relative humidity on the rate of corrosion of steel embedded in concrete and mortar. Cement and Concrete Research 24 (1994) 1373-1382
4. Hussain S.E., Rasheeduzzafar S., Al-Musallam A., and Al-Gahtani A.S. Factors affecting threshold chloride for reinforcement corrosion in concrete. Cement and Concrete Research 25 (1995) 1543-1555
5. Mereno M., Morris W., Alvarez M.G., and Duffo G.S. Corrosion of reinforcing steel in simulated concrete pore solutions: effect of carbonation and chloride content. Corrosion Science 46 (2004) 2681-2699
6. Ghods P., Isgor O.B., McRae G., and Miller T. The effect of concrete pore solution composition on the quality of passive oxide films on black steel reinforcement. Cement and Concrete Composites 31 (2009) 2-11
7. ASTM Standard C876-91, Standard test method for half cell potentials of uncoated reinforcing steel in concrete1999, Annual Book of ASTM Standard, vol. 04.02, ASTM, West Conshohokem, PA, 1999.
8. Suryavanshi A.K., Syam Sunder S., and Nayak B.U. A comparison of surface potentials of r. c. structures using reference electrodes. Corrosion Prevention and Control 38 (1991) 105-107
9. Andrade C., and Alonso C. On-site measurements of corrosion rate of reinforcements. Construction and Building Materials 15 (2001) 141-145
10. Assouli B., Ballivy G., and Rivard P. Influence of environmental parameters on application of standard ASTM C876-91: half cell potential measurements. Corrosion Engineering Science and Technology 43 (2008) 93-96
11. Schiegg Y., Büchler M., and Brem M. Potential mapping technique for the detection of corrosion in reinforced concrete structures: investigation of parameters influencing the measurement and determination of the reliability of the method. Materials and Corrosion 60 (2009) 79-86
12. Langford P., and Broomfield J. Monitoring the corrosion of reinforcing steel. Construction Repair 1 (1987) 32-36
13. Rodriguez-Maribona I., Carpio J.J., and Raharinaivo A. Electrochemical behaviour of concrete reinforcing steel under cathodic polarization: comparison of some test procedures. Materials and Structures 24 (1991) 100-105
14. F. El-Madaani, M. Zaid, P. Gaydecki, H. Hussin, G. Miller, Assessment of corrosion activity in reinforcing steel bars embedded within concrete using the inductive scanning technique, Presented at 32nd Symposium on Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation, Brunswick, Maine, USA, American Institute of Physics. AIP Conference Proceedings 820 (2006) 1305-1312.
15. Macdonald D.D., Urquidi-Macdonald M., Rocha-Filho R.C., and El Tantawy Y. Determination of the polarization resistance of rebar in reinforced concrete. Corrosion 47 (1991) 330-335
16. Gowers K.R., Millard S.G., Gill J.S., and Gill R.P. Programmable linear polarization meter for determination of corrosion rate of reinforcement in concrete structures. British Corrosion Journal 29 (1994) 25-32
17. Fils J., Pickering H.W., and Osseo-Asare K. Assessment of data from three electrochemical instruments for evaluation of reinforcement corrosion rates in concrete bridge components. Corrosion 51 (1995) 602-609
18. Da H., Growers K.R., Dongwei W., Dawang L., Zhuo Z., and Millard S.G. Corrosion assessment of reinforced concrete structures in corrosive environments in Chinese chemical industry. British Corrosion Journal 36 (2001) 70-74
19. C.L. Page, Basic principles of corrosion, in: P. Schiessel (Ed.), Corrosion of Steel in Concrete, Chapman and Hall, London, 1988, pp. 3-21 (Chapter 2).
20. Cao H.T., Bucea L., and Sirivatnanon V. Corrosion rates of steel embedded in cement pastes. Cement and Concrete Research 23 (1993) 1273-1282
21. D.J, John, J.P. Lomas, J.L. Dawson, P.C. Searson, Corrosion industrial problems treatment and control techniques (Proc. Conf.), Kuwait, 1984, Pergamon Press, Oxford, 1987, pp. 485-497.
22. Pech-Canul M.A., and Castro P. Corrosion measurements of steel reinforcement in concrete exposed to a tropical marine atmosphere. Cement and Concrete Research 32 (2002) 491-498
23. Guofu Q., and Jinping O. Corrosion monitoring of reinforcing steel in cement mortar by EIS and ENA. Electrochimica Acta 52 (2007) 8008-8019
24. John D.G., Searson P.C., and Dawson J.L. Uses of AC impedance technique in studies on steel in concrete in immersed conditions. British Corrosion Journal 16 (1981) 102-106
25. Kitowski C.J., and Wheat H.G. Effect of chlorides on reinforcing steel exposed to simulated concrete solution. Corrosion 53 (1997) 216-226
26. 2 - saturated solution and in cement mortar. Possibility of rehabilitation. Materials de Constructions 57 (2007) 5-16
27. Gouda V.K. Corrosion and corrosion inhibition of reinforcing steel: 1. Immersed in alkaline solution. British Corrosion Journal 5 (1970) 198-203
28. Kay E.A., Fookes P.G., and Pollock D.J. Middle East concrete (3) - deterioration related to chloride ingress. Concrete 15 (1981) 22-28
29. Al Teyyib A.J., Somuah S.K., Boah J.K., Lublanc P., and Al Mana A.I. Laboratory study on the effect of sulfate ions on rebar corrosion. Cement and Concrete Research 18 (1988) 774-782
30. 2 - ions. Corrosion 46 (1990) 153-158
31. ASTM A 615, the Egyptian Standard Es 262, Annual Book of ASTM Standards, American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM), 2000.
32. Hausman D.A. Steel corrosion in concrete, how does it occur. Materials Protection 6 (1967) 19-23
33. M. Cohen, The passivity and breakdown of passivity on iron, in: R.P. Frankenthal, J. Kurger, N.J. Princieton (Eds.), Passivity of Metals, vol. 125, The Electrochemical Society, 1978, pp. 521-545.
34. Glasser F.P., and Crentsil K.K.S. Steel in concrete: part II - electron microscopy analysis. Magazine of Concrete Research 41 (1989) 213-220
35. K.K.S. Crentsil, F.P. Glasser, in: C.L. Page, K.W.J. Treadaway, P.B. Bamforth (Eds.), Corrosion of Reinforcement in Concrete, Pub. Society of Chemical Industry, 1990, pp. 74-86.
36. Shams El Din A.M., Abd El Haleem S.M., and Abd El Kader J.M. Studies on the pitting corrosion of zinc in aqueous solutions II - measurement of pitting corrosion currents operating under natural conditions. Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry 65 (1975) 335-349
37. Abd El Haleem S.M., and Abd El Aal A. Environmental factors affecting the pitting corrosion potential of a zinc-titanium alloy in NaOH solutions. British Corrosion Journal 14 (1979) 226-230
38. Abd El Haleem S.M., El Kot A., Abdel Fattah A.A., and Tayor W. Variation in pitting corrosion on iron surface. Corrosion, Prevention and Control 33 (1986) 151-157
39. Abd El Aal E.E. Measurements of pitting corrosion currents of zinc in near neutral media. Corrosion Science 44 (2002) 2041-2053
40. Abd El Aal E.E. On the pitting corrosion currents of zinc by chloride anions. Corrosion Science 46 (2004) 37-49
41. Newman R.C., and Franz E.M. Growth and repassivation of single corrosion pits in stainless steel. Corrosion 40 (1984) 325-330
42. Frankel G.S., Scully J.R., and Jahnes C.V. Repassivation of pits in aluminum thin films. Journal of Electrochemical Society 143 (1996) 1834-1840
43. Balytes O.I., and Krokhrnal'nyl O.O. Pitting corrosion of 12Kh 18AG 18Sh steel in chloride solutions. Materials Science 35 (1999) 389-394
44. Abd El Aal E.E. Factors affecting the anodic behaviour of zinc electrode in borate solutions. Corrosion Science 48 (2006) 343-360
45. Alonso C., Andrade C., Castellote M., and Castro P. Chloride threshold values to depassivate reinforcing bars embedded in a standardized OPC mortar. Cement and Concrete Research 30 (2000) 1047-1055
46. Alonso C., Castellote M., and Andrade C. Chloride threshold dependence of pitting potential of reinforcements. Electrochimica Acta 47 (2002) 3469-3481
47. Xu J., Jiang L., and Wang J. Influence of detection methods on chloride threshold value for the corrosion of steel reinforcement. Construction and Building Materials 23 (2009) 1902-1908
48. Rocha H. The penetration of chlorine ions through the passivity layers of austenitic 18/8 Cr-Ni steels. Werkstoffe und Korros 11 (1960) 352-356
49. Schwenk W. Theory of stainless steel pitting. Corrosion 20 (1964) 129t-137t
50. Matsuda S., and Uhlig H.H. Effect of pH, sulfates, and chlorides on behavior of sodium chromate and nitrite as passivators for steel. Journal of Electrochemical Society 111 (1964) 156-161
51. Cited in ref. [37] and ref. [40]. Rosenfeled I., and Maximchuk W. Zeitschrift fuer Physikalische Chemie 215 (1960) 25
52. Cited in ref. [37]. Schwabe K., and Ditez G.Z. Zeitschrift fuer Electrochemie 62 (1958) 751
53. Shams El Din A.M., and Abd El Haleem S.M. Variation of the potential of the zinc electrode in relation to the concentration of the aggressive anions. Werkstoff und Korros 25 (1974) 571-577