Functional electrical stimulation-assisted cycling of patients with multiple sclerosis: Biomechanical and functional outcome - A pilot study

Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine

Volumn 41, Issue 8, 2009, Pages 674-680

  Szecsi, Johann ^a   Schlick, Cornelia ^a,b   Schiller, Martin ^a   Pöllmann, Walter ^c   Koenig, Nikolaus ^c   Straube, Andreas ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF MUNICH   (Germany)

^b FRESENIUS UNIVERSITY OF APPLIED SCIENCES   (Germany)

^c Kempfenhausen   (Germany)

Author keywords

Cycle ergometer; Electric stimulation therapy; Exercise therapy; Multiple sclerosis; Muscle spasticity; Muscle strength

Indexed keywords

ARTICLE; BICYCLE ERGOMETER; BIOMECHANICS; CLINICAL ARTICLE; CONTROLLED STUDY; FUNCTIONAL ELECTRICAL STIMULATION; GAIT; HUMAN; MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS; MUSCLE CONTRACTION; MUSCLE STRENGTH; NOCICEPTION; PROGNOSIS; PROSTHESIS; RATING SCALE; SPASTICITY; ADULT; BICYCLE; CROSSOVER PROCEDURE; ELECTROSTIMULATION THERAPY; ERGOMETRY; FEMALE; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; PATHOPHYSIOLOGY; PHYSIOLOGY; PILOT STUDY; TREATMENT OUTCOME;

ADULT; BICYCLING; BIOMECHANICS; CROSS-OVER STUDIES; ELECTRIC STIMULATION THERAPY; ERGOMETRY; FEMALE; HUMANS; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS; MUSCLE SPASTICITY; MUSCLE STRENGTH; PILOT PROJECTS; TREATMENT OUTCOME;

EID: 67649774793     PISSN: 16501977     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2340/16501977-0397     Document Type: Article

References (41)

1. Beer S, Kesselring J. High prevalence of multiple sclerosis in Switzerland. Neuroepidemiology 1994; 13: 14-18. (Pubitemid 24107447)
2. Weinshenker BG, Bass B, Rice GP, Noseworthy J, Carriere W, Baskerville J, Ebers GC. The natural history of multiple sclerosis: a geographically based study. I. Clinical course and disability. Brain 1989; 112: 133-146.
3. Kraft GH, Freal JE, Coryell JK. Disability, disease duration, and rehabilitation service needs in multiple sclerosis: patient perspectives. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 1986; 67: 164-168.
4. Petajan JH, Gappmaier E, White AT, Spencer MK, Mino L, Hicks RW. Impact of aerobic training on fitness and quality of life in multiple sclerosis. Ann Neurol 1996; 39: 432-441. (Pubitemid 26117998)
5. Mostert S, Kesselring J. Effects of a short-term exercise training program on aerobic fitness, fatigue, health perception and activity level of subjects with multiple sclerosis. Mult Scler 2002; 8: 161-168. (Pubitemid 34256754)
6. Petrofsky JS, Phillips CA. The use of functional electrical stimulation for rehabilitation of spinal cord injured patients. Cent Nerv Syst Trauma 1984; 1: 57-74.
7. Mohr T, Podenphant J, Biering-Sorensen F, Galbo H, Thamsborg G, Kjaer M. Increased bone mineral density after prolonged electrically induced cycle training of paralyzed limbs in spinal cord injured man. Calcif Tissue Int 1997; 61: 22-25. (Pubitemid 27262395)
8. Glenn WW, Phelps ML. Diaphragm pacing by electrical stimulation of the phrenic nerve. Neurosurgery 1985; 17: 974-984. (Pubitemid 16178583)
9. Glaser RM. Functional neuromuscular stimulation. Exercise conditioning of spinal cord injured patients. Int J Sports Med 1994; 15: 142-148.
10. Perkins TA, Donaldson NN, Hatcher NA, Swain ID, Wood DE. Control of leg-powered paraplegic cycling using stimulation of the lumbo-sacral anterior spinal nerve roots. IEEE Trans Neural Syst Rehabil Eng 2002; 10: 158-164.
11. Hunt KJ, Stone B, Negard NO, Schauer T, Fraser MH, Cathcart AJ, et al. Control strategies for integration of electric motor assist and functional electrical stimulation in paraplegic cycling: utility for exercise testing and mobile cycling. IEEE Trans Neural Syst Rehabil Eng 2004; 12: 89-101. (Pubitemid 38332786)
12. Malezic M, Kljajic M, Acimovic-Janezic R, Gros N, Krajnik J, Stanic U. Therapeutic effects of multisite electric stimulation of gait in motor-disabled patients. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 1987; 68: 553-560. (Pubitemid 18124508)
13. Kralj A, Acimovic R, Stanic U. Enhancement of hemiplegic patient rehabilitation by means of functional electrical stimulation. Prosthet Orthot Int 1993; 17: 107-114. (Pubitemid 23286106)
14. Szecsi J, Krewer C, Muller F, Straube A. Functional electrical stimulation assisted cycling of patients with subacute stroke: kinetic and kinematic analysis. Clin Biomech (Bristol, Avon) 2008; 23: 1086-1094.
15. Taylor PN, Burridge JH, Dunkerley AL, Wood DE, Norton JA, Singleton C, et al. Clinical use of the Odstock dropped foot stimulator: its effect on the speed and effort of walking. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 1999; 80: 1577-1583.
16. Glinsky J, Harvey L, Van Es P. Efficacy of electrical stimulation to increase muscle strength in people with neurological conditions: a systematic review. Physiother Res Int 2007; 12: 175-194.
17. Livesley E. Effects of neuromuscular stimulation on functional performance of patients with multiple sclerosis. Physiotherapie 1992; 78: 914-917. (Pubitemid 23011508)
18. Krause P, Szecsi J, Straube A. FES cycling reduces spastic muscle tone in a patient with multiple sclerosis. NeuroRehabilitation 2007; 22: 335-337. (Pubitemid 350076733)
19. Takebe K, Kukulka C, Narayan MG, Milner M, Basmajian JV. Peroneal nerve stimulator in rehabilitation of hemiplegic patients. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 1975; 56: 237-239.
20. Liberson WT, Holmquest HJ, Scot D, Dow M. Functional electrotherapy: stimulation of the peroneal nerve synchronized with the swing phase of the gait of hemiplegic patients. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 1961; 42: 101-105.
21. Pape KE, Kirsch SE, Galil A, Boulton JE, White MA, Chipman M. Neuromuscular approach to the motor deficits of cerebral palsy: a pilot study. J Pediatr Orthop 1993; 13: 628-633. (Pubitemid 23235737)
22. Humm AM, Beer S, Kool J, Magistris MR, Kesselring J, Rosler KM. Quantification of Uhthoff's phenomenon in multiple sclerosis: a magnetic stimulation study. Clin Neurophysiol 2004; 115: 2493-2501. (Pubitemid 39304142)
23. Chen HY, Chen SC, Chen JJ, Fu LL, Wang YL. Kinesiological and kinematical analysis for stroke subjects with asymmetrical cycling movement patterns. J Electromyogr Kinesiol 2005; 15: 587-595.
24. Medical Research Council. Aids to the examination of the peripheral nervous system. Memorandum No. 45. London: Her Majesty's Stationary Office; 1976.
25. Szecsi J, Krause P, Krafczyk S, Brandt T, Straube A. Functional output improvement in FES cycling by means of forced smooth pedaling. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2007; 39: 764-780. (Pubitemid 46789297)
26. Perkins TA DN, Fitzwater R, Phillips GF, Wood DE. Leg powered paraplegic cycling system using surface functional electrical stimulation. IFESS Proceedings of the 7th Vienna International Workshop on Functional Electrical Stimulation. Vienna, Austria, 2001, p. 36-39, ISBN: 3-900928-05-3.
27. Szecsi J, Fornusek C, Krause P, Straube A. Low-frequency rectangular pulse is superior to middle frequency alternating current stimulation in cycling of people with spinal cord injury. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2007; 88: 338-345. (Pubitemid 46281856)
28. Nielsen JB, Crone C, Hultborn H. The spinal pathophysiology of spasticity - from a basic science point of view. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2007; 189: 171-180. (Pubitemid 46148327)
29. Vos-Vromans DC, de Bie RA, Erdmann PG, van Meeteren NL. The responsiveness of the ten-meter walking test and other measures in patients with hemiparesis in the acute phase. Physiother Theory Pract 2005; 21: 173-180.
30. Mehrholz J, Wagner K, Rutte K, Meissner D, Pohl M. Predictive validity and responsiveness of the functional ambulation category in hemiparetic patients after stroke. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2007; 88: 1314-1319. (Pubitemid 47483651)
31. Gregson JM, Leathley M, Moore AP, Sharma AK, Smith TL, Watkins CL. Reliability of the Tone Assessment Scale and the modified Ashworth scale as clinical tools for assessing poststroke spasticity. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 1999; 80: 1013-1016. (Pubitemid 29439312)
32. Brown DA, Kautz SA. Increased workload enhances force output during pedaling exercise in persons with poststroke hemiplegia. Stroke 1998; 29: 598-606.
33. Bogey R, Hornby GT. Gait training strategies utilized in poststroke rehabilitation: are we really making a difference? Top Stroke Rehabil 2007; 14: 1-8.
34. Pomeroy VM, King LM, Pollock A, Baily-Hallam A, Langhorne P. Electrostimulation for promoting recovery of movement or functional ability after stroke. Systematic review and meta-analysis. Stroke; 2006 Jul 27 [Epub ahead of print].
35. Karpatkin H. Multiple sclerosis and exercise - review of the evidence. Int J MS Care 2006; 7: 36-41.
36. Tantucci C, Massucci M, Piperno R, Grassi V, Sorbini CA. Energy cost of exercise in multiple sclerosis patients with low degree of disability. Mult Scler 1996; 2: 161-167. (Pubitemid 126701620)
37. Kent-Braun JA, Sharma KR, Weiner MW, Miller RG. Effects of exercise on muscle activation and metabolism in multiple sclerosis. Muscle Nerve 1994; 17: 1162-1169. (Pubitemid 24307990)
38. Dalgas U, Stenager E, Ingemann-Hansen T. Multiple sclerosis and physical exercise: recommendations for the application of resistance-, endurance- and combined training. Mult Scler 2008; 14: 35-53. (Pubitemid 351541395)
39. Jensen JL, Marstrand PC, Nielsen JB. Motor skill training and strength training are associated with different plastic changes in the central nervous system. J Appl Physiol 2005; 99: 1558-1568.
40. Motl RW, Snook EM, Hinkle ML, McAuley E. Effect of acute leg cycling on the soleus H-reflex and modified Ashworth scale scores in individuals with multiple sclerosis. Neurosci Lett 2006; 406: 289-292. (Pubitemid 44311379)
41. Henriksson J, Salmons S, Lowry OH. Chronic stimulation of mammalian muscle: enzyme and metabolic changes in individual fibres. Biomed Biochim Acta 1989; 48: S445-S454. (Pubitemid 19143192)