Control of leg-powered paraplegic cycling using stimulation of the lumbo-sacral anterior spinal nerve roots

IEEE Transactions on Neural Systems and Rehabilitation Engineering

Volumn 10, Issue 3, 2002, Pages 158-164

  Perkins, Tim A ^a   Donaldson, Nick de N ^a   Hatcher, Neil A C ^b   Swain, Ian D ^c   Wood, Duncan E ^c  

^a UNIVERSITY COLLEGE LONDON   (United Kingdom)

^b UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHAMPTON   (United Kingdom)

^c SALISBURY DISTRICT HOSPITAL   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Cycling; Exercise; Functional electrical stimulation (FES); Implant; Lumbosacral Anterior Root Stimulator Implant (LARSI); Nerve root stimulation

Indexed keywords

CRANKSHAFTS; IMPLANTS (SURGICAL); MUSCLE; SENSORY PERCEPTION;

SHAFT ENCODERS;

NEUROLOGY;

ADULT; ARTICLE; CASE REPORT; CYCLING; EXERCISE; FEEDBACK SYSTEM; FEMALE; GAIT; HUMAN; IMPLANT; LUMBOSACRAL SPINE; MUSCLE CONTRACTION; MUSCLE FUNCTION; NERVE STIMULATION; NEUROPROSTHESIS; PARALYSIS; PARAPLEGIA; PERIPHERAL NERVE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROSTHESIS; SPINAL CORD INJURY; SPINAL ROOT; TRAFFIC ACCIDENT; TREATMENT OUTCOME;

ADULT; BICYCLING; ELECTRIC STIMULATION THERAPY; ELECTRODES, IMPLANTED; EQUIPMENT DESIGN; EXERCISE THERAPY; FEASIBILITY STUDIES; FEMALE; HUMANS; LEG; LUMBOSACRAL PLEXUS; MUSCLE, SKELETAL; PARAPLEGIA; SPINAL CORD INJURIES; SPINAL NERVE ROOTS; STRESS, MECHANICAL; TREATMENT OUTCOME;

EID: 0036763492     PISSN: 15344320     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1109/TNSRE.2002.802860     Document Type: Article

References (29)

1. P. B. Arnold, P. P. McVey, W. J. Farrell, T. M. Deurloo, and A. R. Grasso, "Functional electric stimulation: Its efficacy and safety in improving pulmonary function and musculoskeletal fitness," Arch. Phys. Med. Rehab., vol. 73, no. 7, pp. 665-668, 1992.
2. G. S. Brindley, "The first 500 patients with sacral anterior root stimulator implants: General description," Paraplegia, vol. 32, pp. 795-805, 1994.
3. -, "The first 500 sacral anterior root stimulators: Implant failures and their repair," Paraplegia, vol. 33, pp. 5-9, 1995.
4. J. J. Chen, N. Y. Yu, D. G. Huang, B. T. Bao, and G. C. Chang, "Applying fuzzy logic to control cycling movement induced by functional electrical stimulation," IEEE Trans. Rehab. Eng., vol. 5, pp. 158-169, 1997.
5. N. Donaldson, "A new multiplexed stimulator for FNS," in Advances in the External Control of Human Extremities X, Popovic, Ed. Belgrade: NAUKA, 1990, pp. 345-358.
6. N. Donaldson, T. A. Perkins, and A. C. M. Worley, "Lumbar root stimulation for restoring leg function. Methods: Stimulator and measurement of muscle actions," Artificial Organs, vol. 21, pp. 247-249, 1997.
7. N. Donaldson, D. N. Rushton, and A. M, Tromans, "Neuroprostheses for leg function after spinal-cord injury," Lancet, vol. 350, no. 9079, p. 711, Sept. 1997.
8. P. E. K. Donaldson, N. d. N. Donaldson, D. N. Rushton, and T. A. Perkins, "Estimated electrode operating conditions of the first London MkV implanted stimulator," J. Med. Eng. Tech., vol. 22, no. 5, pp. 216-219, 1998.
9. N.A.C. Hatcher, R. Allen, S. J. Elliot, and T. A. Perkins, "A system for measuring the useful force output of a functional electrical stimulated paraplegic cyclist," in Proc. 6th Ann. Nat. Conf. IPEM, University of Southampton, Sept. 12-14. 2000, pp. 97-98.
10. E. Isakov, J. Mizrahi, D. Graupe, E. Becker, and T. Najenson, "Energy cost and physiological reactions to effort during activation of paraplegics by functional electrical stimulation," Scand. J. Rehabil. Med. Suppl., vol. 112, pp. 102-107, 1985.
11. T. W. J. Janssen, R. M. Glaser, and D. B. Shuster, "Clinical efficacy of electrical stimulation exercise training: Effects on health, fitness and function," Topics in Spinal Cord Injury Rehab., vol. 3, pp. 33-49, 1998.
12. H. Kern, M. Frey, J. Holle, W. Mayr, G. Schwanda, H. Stohr, and H. Thoma, "Functional electrostimulation of paraplegic patients - 1 Year's practical application. Results in patients and experiences," Z-Orthop., vol. 123, pp. 1-12, 1985.
13. A. Kralj, T. Bajd, and R. Turk, "Electrical stimulation providing functional use of paraplegic patient muscles," Med. Prog. Technol., vol. 7, no. 1, pp. 3-9, 1980.
14. T. Mohr, J. L. Andersen, F. Biering-Sorensen, H. Galbo, J. Bangsbo, A. Wagner, and M. Kjaer, "Long term adaptation to electrically induced cycle training in severe spinal cord injured individuals," Spinal Cord, vol. 35, no. 1, pp. 1-16, 1997.
15. T. Mohr, J. Podenphant, F. Biering-Sorensen, H. Galbo, G. Thamsborg, and M. Kjaer, "Increased bone mineral density after prolonged electrically induced cycle training of paralyzed limbs in spinal cord injured man," Calcified Tissue Int., vol. 61, pp. 22-25, 1997.
16. T. A. Perkins, N. d. N. Donaldson, A. L. Dunkerley, N. A. C. Hatcher, A. M. Tromans, and D. E. Wood, "Development of paraplegic leg powered cycling with the Lumbo-sacral Anterior root Stimulator Implant," in IFESS99: Proc. 4th Annual Conf. IFESS, Y. Handa, Ed., Sendai, Japan, Aug. 23-27, 1999, pp. 139-142.
17. T. A. Perkins, N. d. N. Donaldson, V. J. Harper, J. Norton, A. M. Tromans, D. E. Wood, and D. N. Rushton, "Provision of standing, stepping and cycling for a T9 paraplegic with a lumbo-scaral anterior root stimulator implant (LARSI)," in IFESS Conf. Proc.: 1996-1998 CDROM, P. Meadows, Ed., La Canada Flintridge, CA, May 1999.
18. T. A. Perkins, N. d. N. Donaldson, A. C. Worley, V. J. Harper, D. E. Wood, and D. N. Rushton, "Initial results with a lumbar/sacral anterior root stimulator implant," in Neuroprosthetics: From Basic Research to Clinical Application, M. Ferrarin, A. Pedotti, J. Quintern, and R. Riener, Eds. Munich: Springer-Verlag, 1996, pp. 623-634.
19. J. S. Petrofsky, H. H. Heaton, and C. A. Phillips, "Outdoor bicycle for exercise in paraplegics and quadriplegics," J. Biomed. Eng., vol. 5, pp. 292-296, 1983.
20. J. S. Petrofsky, C. A. Phillips, H. H. Heaton, and R. M. Glaser, "Bicycle ergometer for paralyzed muscle," J. Clin. Eng., vol. 9, pp. 13-19, 1984.
21. J. S. Petrofsky and J. Smith, "Three-wheel cycle ergometer for use by men and women with paralysis," Med. Biol. Eng. Comput., vol. 10, pp. 364-369, 1992.
22. D. J. Pons, C. L. Vaughan, and G. G. Jaros, "Cycling device powered by the electrically stimulated muscles of paraplegics," Med. Biol. Eng. Comput., vol. 27, no. 1, pp. 1-7, 1989.
23. K. T. Ragnarsson, S. Pollack, W. O'Daniel, R. Edgar, J. Petrofsky, and M. S. Nash, "Clinical evaluation of computerized functional electrical stimulation after spinal cord injury: A multicenter pilot study," Arch. Phys. Med. Rehab., vol. 69, pp. 672-677, 1988.
24. D. N. Rushton, F. M. D. Barr, N. d. N. Donaldson, V. J. Harper, T. A. Perkins, P. N. Taylor, and A. M. Tromans, "Selecting paraplegic patients for a lower limb stimulator implant programme: A patient centred approach," Spinal Cord, vol. 36, pp. 303-309, 1998.
25. D. N. Rushton, N. d. N. Donaldson, F. M. D. Barr, V. J. Harper, T. A. Perkins, P. N. Taylor, and A. M. Tromans, "Lumbar anterior root stimulator for lower limb control in paraplegics," in Neuroprosthetics: From Basic Research to Clinical Application, M. Ferrarin, A. Pedotti, J. Quintern, and R. Riener, Fds. Munich: Springer-Verlag, 1996, pp. 611-622.
26. -, "Lumbar root stimulation for restoring leg function: Results in paraplegia," Artificial Organs, vol. 21, no. 3, pp. 180-182, 1997.
27. D. N. Rushton, T. A. Perkins, N. d. N. Donaldson, D. E. Wood, V. J. Harper, A. M. Tromans, F. M. D. Barr, and D. S. Holder, "LARSI: How to obtain favorable muscle contractions," in Proc. 2nd Ann. Conf. IFESS (IFESS'97) & 5th Trienn. Conf. Neural Prostheses (NP'97) in Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada, D. Popovic, Ed., La Canada Flintridge, CA, August 1997, pp. 163-164.
28. British Broadcasting Corporation, "Tomorrow's World," Channel 1, TV program. Nov. 4. 1998.
29. D. E. Wood, N. d. N. Donaldson, and T. A. Perkins, "Apparatus to simultaneously measure fourteen isometric leg joint moments. Part 2: Multi-Moment Chair System," Med. Biol. Eng. Comput., vol. 37, pp. 148-154, 1999.