메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 10, Issue 8, 2009, Pages 1343-1352

Cidofovir: Clinical experience and future perspectives on an acyclic nucleoside phosphonate analog of cytosine in the treatment of refractory and premalignant HPV-associated anal lesions

Author keywords

AIN; Antiviral activity; Apoptosis; Cidofovir; Condylomata acuminata; HPMPC; HPV associated anogenital lesions; Nephrotoxicity; Phosphorylated metabolites

Indexed keywords

ACYCLIC NUCLEOSIDE; ALPHA2 INTERFERON; CIDOFOVIR; CYTOSINE; FLUOROURACIL; IMIQUIMOD; PHOSPHONIC ACID DERIVATIVE; PHOTOSENSITIZING AGENT; ZIDOVUDINE;

EID: 67649723449     PISSN: 14656566     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1517/14656560902960154     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (26)

References (63)
  • 1
    • 0028927520 scopus 로고
    • Human papillomavirus infection and genital warts. Update on epidemiology and treatment
    • Stone KM. Human papillomavirus infection and genital warts. Update on epidemiology and treatment. Clin Infect Dis 1995;20:S91-7
    • (1995) Clin Infect Dis , vol.20
    • Stone, K.M.1
  • 3
    • 21844457903 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multiple neoplastic lesions of the lower genital tract in a human papilloma virus-infected kidney-pancreas allograft recipient: A case report
    • DOI 10.1016/j.transproceed.2005.03.098, PII S0041134505003374
    • Bobrowska K, Kaminski P, Cyganek A, et al. Multiple neoplastic lesions of the lower genital tract in a human papilloma virus-infected kidney-pancreas allograft recipient: a case report. Transplant Proc 2005;37:2093-2095 (Pubitemid 40956382)
    • (2005) Transplantation Proceedings , vol.37 , Issue.5 , pp. 2093-2095
    • Bobrowska, K.1    Kaminski, P.2    Cyganek, A.3    Jabiry-Zieniewicz, J.4    Bablok, L.5    Durlik, M.6    Fiedor, P.7
  • 6
    • 0026497123 scopus 로고
    • Natural history and epidemiological features of genital HPV infection
    • Schneider A, Kinsky LA. Natural history and epidemiological features of genital HPV infection. IARC Sc Publ 1992;119:25-52
    • (1992) IARC Sc Publ , vol.119 , pp. 25-52
    • Schneider, A.1    Kinsky, L.A.2
  • 7
    • 0007606715 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Human papillomavirus and hepatitis viral infections in human immunodeficiency virus-infected persons
    • De Vita VT, Hellman S, Rosenberg SA editors Lippincott-Raven, Philadelphia
    • Kiviat NB. Human papillomavirus and hepatitis viral infections in human immunodeficiency virus-infected persons. In: De Vita VT, Hellman S, Rosenberg SA editors. AIDS Etiology, Diagnosis, Treatment and Prevention, 4th edn. Lippincott-Raven, Philadelphia, 1997. p. 281-294
    • (1997) AIDS Etiology, Diagnosis, Treatment and Prevention, 4th Edn. , pp. 281-294
    • Kiviat, N.B.1
  • 10
    • 0022998167 scopus 로고
    • Human papillomavirus infections in a group of renal transplant recipients
    • DOI 10.1111/j.1365-2133.1986.tb06649.x
    • Rudlinger R, Smith IW, Bunney MH, Hunter JA. Human papillomavirus infections in a group of renal transplant recipients. Br J Dermatol 1986;115:681-692 (Pubitemid 17181893)
    • (1986) British Journal of Dermatology , vol.115 , Issue.6 , pp. 681-692
    • Rudlinger, R.1    Smith, I.W.2    Bunney, M.H.3    Hunter, J.A.A.4
  • 12
    • 0026699944 scopus 로고
    • Phylogenetic classification of human papillomaviruses: Correlation with clinical manifestations
    • Van Ranst M, Kaplan JB, Burk RD. Phylogenetic classification of human papillomaviruses: correlation with clinical manifestations. J Gen Virol 1992;73:2653-2660
    • (1992) J Gen Virol , vol.73 , pp. 2653-2660
    • Van Ranst, M.1    Kaplan, J.B.2    Burk, R.D.3
  • 13
    • 37549041987 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Human papillomavirus (HPV), DNA aberrations and cell cycle progression in anal squamous carcinoma patients
    • Laytragoon-Lewin N, Nilsson PJ, Castro J, et al. Human papillomavirus (HPV), DNA aberrations and cell cycle progression in anal squamous carcinoma patients. Anticancer Res 2007;27:4473-4479
    • (2007) Anticancer Res , vol.27 , pp. 4473-4479
    • Laytragoon-Lewin, N.1    Nilsson, P.J.2    Castro, J.3
  • 15
    • 0029073557 scopus 로고
    • High grade anal dysplasia in visually normal mucosa in homosexual men: Seven cases
    • Surawicz CM, Critchlow C, Sayer J, et al. High grade anal dysplasia in visually normal mucosa in homosexual men: seven cases. Am J Gastroenterol 1995;90:1776-1778
    • (1995) Am J Gastroenterol , vol.90 , pp. 1776-1778
    • Surawicz, C.M.1    Critchlow, C.2    Sayer, J.3
  • 16
    • 27744466464 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Assessing the annual economic burden of preventing and treating anogenital human papillomavirus-related disease in the US: Analytic framework and review of the literature
    • DOI 10.2165/00019053-200523110-00004
    • Insinga RP, Dasbach EJ, Elbasha EH. Assessing the economic annual burden to preventing and treating anogenital human papillomavirus-related disease in the US: analytic framework and review of the literature. Pharmaeconomics 2005;23(11):1107-1122 (Pubitemid 41633402)
    • (2005) PharmacoEconomics , vol.23 , Issue.11 , pp. 1107-1122
    • Insinga, R.P.1    Dasbach, E.J.2    Elbasha, E.H.3
  • 18
    • 0036791838 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Viral disease transmitted by laser-generated plume (aerosol)
    • Garden JM, O'banion MK, Bakus AD, Olson C. Viral disease transmitted by laser-generated plume (aerosol). Arch Dermatol 2002;138:1303-1307
    • (2002) Arch Dermatol , vol.138 , pp. 1303-1307
    • Garden, J.M.1    O'banion, M.K.2    Bakus, A.D.3    Olson, C.4
  • 19
    • 0024324439 scopus 로고
    • Infectious papillomavirus in the vapor of warts treated with carbon dioxide laser or electrocoagulation: Detection and protection
    • Sawchuk WS, Felten RP. Infectious papillomavirus in the vapor of warts treated with carbon dioxide laser or electrocoagulation: detection and protection. J Am Acad Dermatol 1989;21:41-49 (Pubitemid 19171464)
    • (1989) Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology , vol.21 , Issue.1 , pp. 41-49
    • Sawchuk, W.S.1    Weber, P.J.2    Lowy, D.R.3    Dzubow, L.M.4
  • 20
    • 0028919183 scopus 로고
    • Risk of acquiring human papillomavirus from the plume produced by the carbon dioxide laser in the treatment of warts
    • Gloster HM Jr, Roenigk RK. Risk of acquiring human papillomavirus from the plume produced by the carbon dioxide laser in the treatment of warts. J Am Acad Dermatol 1995;32:436-441
    • (1995) J Am Acad Dermatol , vol.32 , pp. 436-441
    • Gloster Jr., H.M.1    Roenigk, R.K.2
  • 21
    • 33846612844 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An armamentarium of wart treatments
    • Lipke MM. An armamentarium of wart treatments. Review. Clin Med Res 2006;4(4):273-293 (Pubitemid 46170319)
    • (2006) Clinical Medicine and Research , vol.4 , Issue.4 , pp. 273-293
    • Lipke, M.M.1
  • 22
    • 0037083938 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Combined surgery and cidofovir is an effective treatment for genital warts in HIV-infected patients
    • DOI 10.1097/00002030-200202150-00017
    • Orlando G, Fasolo MM, Beretta R, et al. Combined surgery and cidofovir is an effective treatment for genital warts in HIV infected patients. AIDS 2002;16(3):447-450 (Pubitemid 34165377)
    • (2002) AIDS , vol.16 , Issue.3 , pp. 447-450
    • Orlando, G.1    Fasolo, M.M.2    Beretta, R.3    Merli, S.4    Cargnel, A.5
  • 23
    • 47949083758 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Treatment of anal human papillomavirus-associated disease: A long term outcome study
    • Nathan M, Hickey N, Mayuranathan L, et al. Treatment of anal human papillomavirus-associated disease: a long term outcome study. Int J STD AIDS 2008;19(7):445-449
    • (2008) Int J STD AIDS , vol.19 , Issue.7 , pp. 445-449
    • Nathan, M.1    Hickey, N.2    Mayuranathan, L.3
  • 25
    • 4644326781 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Current status of antiviral therapy for juvenile-onset recurrent respiratory papillomatosis
    • DOI 10.1016/j.antiviral.2004.06.013, PII S0166354204001329
    • Kimberlin DW. Current status of antiviral therapy for juvenile-onset recurrent respiratory papillomavirus. Antiviral Res 2004;63:141-151 (Pubitemid 39286751)
    • (2004) Antiviral Research , vol.63 , Issue.3 , pp. 141-151
    • Kimberlin, D.W.1
  • 26
    • 0028909529 scopus 로고
    • A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of systemically administered interferon-alpha, -beta or -gamma in combination with cryotherapy of the treatment of condylomata acuminatum
    • Bonnez W, Oakes D, Bailey-Farchione A, et al. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of systemically administered interferon-alpha, -beta or -gamma in combination with cryotherapy of the treatment of condylomata acuminatum. J Infect Dis 1995;171:1081-1089
    • (1995) J Infect Dis , vol.171 , pp. 1081-1089
    • Bonnez, W.1    Oakes, D.2    Bailey-Farchione, A.3
  • 28
    • 0033986621 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cidofovir, a new approach for the treatment of cervix intraepithelial neoplasia grade III (CIN III)
    • DOI 10.1002/(SICI)1096-9071(200002)60:2<205::AID-JMV16>3.0.CO;2-8
    • Snoeck R, Noel JC, Muller C, et al. Cidofovir, a new approach of the treatment of cervix intraepithelial neoplasia grade III (CINIII). J Med Virol 2000;60:205-209 (Pubitemid 30036799)
    • (2000) Journal of Medical Virology , vol.60 , Issue.2 , pp. 205-209
    • Snoeck, R.1    Noel, J.-C.2    Muller, C.3    De Clercq, E.4    Bossens, M.5
  • 29
    • 0025837774 scopus 로고
    • Broad-spectrum anti-DNA virus and anti-retrovirus activity of phosphonylmethoxyalkylpurines and pyrimidines
    • De Clercq E. Broad-spectrum anti-DNA virus and anti-retrovirus activity of phosphonylmethoxyalkylpurines and pyrimidines. Biochem Pharmacol 1991;42:963-972
    • (1991) Biochem Pharmacol , vol.42 , pp. 963-972
    • De Clercq, E.1
  • 30
    • 0001003712 scopus 로고
    • Metabolism of 1-(s)-(3-hydroxy-2-phosphonomethoxypropyl)-cytosine (HPMPC) in human embryonic lung cells
    • Cihlár T, Votruba I, Horska K, et al. Metabolism of 1-(s)-(3-hydroxy-2-phosphonomethoxypropyl)-cytosine (HPMPC) in human embryonic lung cells. Collect Czech Chem Commu 1992;57:661-672
    • (1992) Collect Czech Chem Commu , vol.57 , pp. 661-672
    • Cihlár, T.1    Votruba, I.2    Horska, K.3
  • 31
    • 0026537658 scopus 로고
    • Intracellular metabolism of antiherpes agent (s)-1[3-hydroxy- 2(phosphonylthoxy)propyl]cytosine
    • Ho HT, Woods KL, Bronson JJ, et al. Intracellular metabolism of antiherpes agent (s)-1[3-hydroxy-2(phosphonylthoxy)propyl]cytosine. Mol Pharmacol 1992;41:197-202
    • (1992) Mol Pharmacol , vol.41 , pp. 197-202
    • Ho, H.T.1    Woods, K.L.2    Bronson, J.J.3
  • 32
    • 0025552679 scopus 로고
    • Biochemical pharmacology of acyclic nucleotide analogue
    • Cundy KC, Lynch G, Shaw J-P, et al. Biochemical pharmacology of acyclic nucleotide analogue. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1990;616:398-407
    • (1990) Ann N Y Acad Sci , vol.616 , pp. 398-407
    • Cundy, K.C.1    Lynch, G.2    Shaw, J.-P.3
  • 33
    • 0142126681 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical potential of the acyclic nucleoside phosphonates cidofovir, adefovir, and tenofovir in treatment of DNA virus and retrovirus infections
    • De Clercq E. Clinical potential of the acyclic nucleoside phosphonates cidofovir, adefovir, and tenofovir in treatment of DNA virus and retrovirus infections. Clin Microbiol Rev 2003;16:569-596
    • (2003) Clin Microbiol Rev , vol.16 , pp. 569-596
    • De Clercq, E.1
  • 34
  • 35
    • 32544450329 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cidofovir incorporation into human keratinocytes with episomal HPV 16 results in nonselective cytotoxicity
    • Spanos WC, El-Deiry M, Lee JH. Cidofovir incorporation into human keratinocytes with episomal HPV 16 results in nonselective cytotoxicity. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 2005;111(11):840-846 (Pubitemid 43231937)
    • (2005) Annals of Otology, Rhinology and Laryngology , vol.114 , Issue.11 , pp. 840-846
    • Spanos, W.C.1    El-Deiry, M.2    Lee, J.H.3
  • 36
    • 0034575076 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Induction of apoptosis by cidofovir in human papillomavirus (HPV)-positive cells
    • Andrei G, Snoeck R, Schols D, De Clercq E. Induction of apoptosis by cidofovir in human papillomavirus (HPV)-positive cells. Oncol Res 2000;12:397-408 (Pubitemid 33781092)
    • (2000) Oncology Research , vol.12 , Issue.9-10 , pp. 397-408
    • Andrei, G.1    Snoeck, R.2    Schols, D.3    De Clercq, E.4
  • 37
    • 0032907722 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Selective inhibition of human papillomavirus-induced cell proliferation by (S)-1-[3-hydroxy-2(phosphonylmethoxy)propyl]cytosine
    • Johnson JA, Gangemi JD. Selective inhibition of human papillomavirus-induced cell proliferation by (s)-1[3-hydroxy-2- (phosphonylmethoxy)propyl]cytosine. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1999;43:1198-1205 (Pubitemid 29214747)
    • (1999) Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy , vol.43 , Issue.5 , pp. 1198-1205
    • Johnson, J.A.1    Gangemi, J.D.2
  • 39
    • 0032525988 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Potent inhibition of hemangioma formation in rats by the acyclic nucleoside phosphonate analogue cidofovir
    • Liekens S, Andrei G, Vandeputte M, et al. Potent inhibition of hemangioma formation in rats by the acyclic nucleoside phosphonate analogue cidofovir. Cancer Res 1998;58(12):2562-2567 (Pubitemid 28275426)
    • (1998) Cancer Research , vol.58 , Issue.12 , pp. 2562-2567
    • Liekens, S.1    Andrei, G.2    Vandeputte, M.3    De Clercq, E.4    Neyts, J.5
  • 40
    • 0037764079 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Alpha interferon augments cidofovir's antiviral and antiproliferative activities
    • DOI 10.1128/AAC.47.6.2022-2026.2003
    • Johnson JA, Gangemi JD. Alpha interferon augments cidofovir's antiviral and antiproliferative activities. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2003;47(6):2022-2026 (Pubitemid 36637838)
    • (2003) Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy , vol.47 , Issue.6 , pp. 2022-2026
    • Johnson, J.A.1    Gangemi, J.D.2
  • 41
    • 0030055492 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pharmakokinetics of cidofovir in monkeys. Evidence for a prolonged elimination phase representing phosphorylated drug
    • Cundy KC, Li ZH, Hichcock MJ, Lee WA. Pharmakokinetics of cidofovir in monkeys. Evidence for a prolonged elimination phase representing phosphorylated drug. Drug Metab Dispos 1996;24:738-744
    • (1996) Drug Metab Dispos , vol.24 , pp. 738-744
    • Cundy, K.C.1    Li, Z.H.2    Hichcock, M.J.3    Lee, W.A.4
  • 42
    • 0029991161 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pharmacokinetics, safety and bioavailability of HPMPC (cidofovir) in human immunodeficiency virus-infected subjects
    • DOI 10.1016/0166-3542(95)00829-2
    • Wachsman M, Petty BG, Cundy KC, et al. Pharmacokinetics, safety and bioavailability of HPMPC (cidofovir) in human deficiency virus-infected subjects. Antiviral Res 1996;29:153-161 (Pubitemid 26135174)
    • (1996) Antiviral Research , vol.29 , Issue.2-3 , pp. 153-161
    • Wachsman, M.1    Petty, B.G.2    Cundy, K.C.3    Jaffe, H.S.4    Fisher, P.E.5    Pastelak, A.6    Lietman, P.S.7
  • 43
    • 0343263895 scopus 로고
    • Phase I trial of a new anti-cytomegalovirus agent (s)-1-[3-hydroxy-2 (phosphonylmethoxy)-propyl]cytosine (HPMPC) in HIV infected volunteers
    • Wachsman M, Petty B, Jaffe H, et al. Phase I trial of a new anti-cytomegalovirus agent (s)-1-[3-hydroxy-2 (phosphonylmethoxy)-propyl] cytosine (HPMPC) in HIV infected volunteers. Antiviral Res 1994;109(1):93
    • (1994) Antiviral Res , vol.109 , Issue.1 , pp. 93
    • Wachsman, M.1    Petty, B.2    Jaffe, H.3
  • 44
    • 0031004436 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bioavailability and metabolism of cidofovir following topical administration to rabbits
    • DOI 10.1016/S0166-3542(97)00022-3, PII S0166354297000223
    • Cundy KC, Lynch G, Lee WA. Bioavailability and metabolism of cidofovir following topical administration to rabbits. Antiviral Res 1997;35:113-122 (Pubitemid 27263345)
    • (1997) Antiviral Research , vol.35 , Issue.2 , pp. 113-122
    • Cundy, K.C.1    Lynch, G.2    Lee, W.A.3
  • 45
    • 0029000871 scopus 로고
    • Clinical pharmacokinetics of cidofovir in HIV-infected patients
    • Cundy KC, Petty BP, Flaherty J, et al. Clinical pharmacokinetics of cidofovir in HIV-infected patients. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1995;39:1247-1252
    • (1995) Antimicrob Agents Chemother , vol.39 , pp. 1247-1252
    • Cundy, K.C.1    Petty, B.P.2    Flaherty, J.3
  • 46
    • 0029036834 scopus 로고
    • Optimization of in vitro flux through hairless mouse skin cidofovir, a potent nucleotide analog
    • Aspe E, Guy RH, Lee WA, et al. Optimization of in vitro flux through hairless mouse skin cidofovir, a potent nucleotide analog. J Pharm Sci 1995;84:750-754
    • (1995) J Pharm Sci , vol.84 , pp. 750-754
    • Aspe, E.1    Guy, R.H.2    Lee, W.A.3
  • 47
    • 0025264806 scopus 로고
    • Percutaneous penetration of acyclovir through excised mouse & rat skin. Effect of vehicle and percutaneous penetration enhancer
    • Okamoto H, Muta K, Hashida M, Sezaki H. Percutaneous penetration of acyclovir through excised mouse & rat skin. Effect of vehicle and percutaneous penetration enhancer. Pharm Res 1990;7:64-68
    • (1990) Pharm Res , vol.7 , pp. 64-68
    • Okamoto, H.1    Muta, K.2    Hashida, M.3    Sezaki, H.4
  • 48
    • 0001628350 scopus 로고
    • Efficacy and pharmacokinetics of topical HPMPC in a genital herpes model
    • Kern ER, Palmer J, Vogt PE, et al. Efficacy and pharmacokinetics of topical HPMPC in a genital herpes model. Antiviral Res 1995;26:A341
    • (1995) Antiviral Res , vol.26
    • Kern, E.R.1    Palmer, J.2    Vogt, P.E.3
  • 50
    • 0029163498 scopus 로고
    • Treatment of anogenital papilloma virus infections with an acyclic nucleoside phosphonate analogue
    • letter
    • Snoeck R, Van Ranst M, Andrei G, et al. Treatment of anogenital papilloma virus infections with an acyclic nucleoside phosphonate analogue (letter). N Engl J Med 1995;333:943-944
    • (1995) N Engl J Med , vol.333 , pp. 943-944
    • Snoeck, R.1    Van Ranst, M.2    Andrei, G.3
  • 54
    • 67649708759 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Eradication of intra-anal condylomata acuminata and histologically dysplasia with combined intralaesional cidofovir and coagulations
    • M1009
    • Coremans G, Wyndaele J, Dockx S, et al. Eradication of intra-anal condylomata acuminata and histologically dysplasia with combined intralaesional cidofovir and coagulations. Gastroenterology 2008;134:A-318(M1009)
    • (2008) Gastroenterology , vol.134
    • Coremans, G.1    Wyndaele, J.2    Dockx, S.3
  • 55
    • 0034103601 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Successful treatment of recalcitrant condyloma with topical cidofovir [1]
    • DOI 10.1136/sti.76.2.143
    • Hengge UR, Tietze G. Succesful treatment of recalcitrant condyloma with topical cidofovir. Sex Transm Infect 2000;76:143 (Pubitemid 30262259)
    • (2000) Sexually Transmitted Infections , vol.76 , Issue.2 , pp. 143
    • Hengge, U.R.1    Tietze, G.2
  • 56
    • 0034043770 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Topical cidofovir is effective in treating extensive penile condylomata acuminata
    • DOI 10.1097/00002030-200005260-00029
    • Schurmann D, Bergmann F, Temmesfeld-Wollbruck B, et al. Topical cidofovir is effective in treating extensive penile condylomata acuminata. AIDS 2000;14:1075-1076 (Pubitemid 30336078)
    • (2000) AIDS , vol.14 , Issue.8 , pp. 1075-1076
    • Schurmann, D.1    Bergmann, F.2    Temmesfeld-Wollbruck, B.3    Grobusch, M.P.4    Suttorp, N.5
  • 57
    • 0035038498 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Successful treatment of recurrent vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia resistant to interferon and isotretinoin with cidofovir
    • DOI 10.1002/jmv.1036
    • Koonsaeng S, Verschraegen C, Freedman R, et al. Case Report. Succesful treatment of recurrent vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia resistant to interferon and isotretinoin with cidofovir. J Med Vir 2001;64:195-198 (Pubitemid 32405409)
    • (2001) Journal of Medical Virology , vol.64 , Issue.2 , pp. 195-198
    • Diaz, B.I.1    Sariol, C.A.2    Normann, A.3    Rodrguez, L.4    Flehmig, B.5
  • 60
    • 0027980318 scopus 로고
    • Cyclic HPMPC: An intracellular prodrug for HPMPC with improved therapeutic index in vivo
    • Bischofberger N, Hitchcock MJM, Chen MS, et al. Cyclic HPMPC: an intracellular prodrug for HPMPC with improved therapeutic index in vivo. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1994;38:2387-2391
    • (1994) Antimicrob Agents Chemother , vol.38 , pp. 2387-2391
    • Bischofberger, N.1    Hitchcock, M.J.M.2    Chen, M.S.3
  • 61
    • 0028936048 scopus 로고
    • HPMPC: Result of a phase I/II study of a novel antiviral nucleotide analogue
    • Lalezari JP, Drew WL, Glutzer E, et al. HPMPC: result of a phase I/II study of a novel antiviral nucleotide analogue. J Infect Dis 1995;171:788-796
    • (1995) J Infect Dis , vol.171 , pp. 788-796
    • Lalezari, J.P.1    Drew, W.L.2    Glutzer, E.3
  • 62
    • 0038023667 scopus 로고
    • Effect of concomitant probeneed on the tissue distribution and urinary excretion of HPMPC in preclinical models
    • Cundy KC, Li ZH, Lee WA. Effect of concomitant probeneed on the tissue distribution and urinary excretion of HPMPC in preclinical models. Pharm Res 1994;11 (Suppl):S-449
    • (1994) Pharm Res , vol.11 , Issue.SUPPL.
    • Cundy, K.C.1    Li, Z.H.2    Lee, W.A.3
  • 63
    • 0035250772 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genetic risks of antiviral nucleoside analogues - A survey
    • DOI 10.1016/S0166-3542(00)00139-X, PII S016635420000139X
    • Wutzler P, Thust R. Genetic risks of antiviral nucleoside analogues - a survey. Antiviral Res 2001;49(2):55-74 (Pubitemid 32206741)
    • (2001) Antiviral Research , vol.49 , Issue.2 , pp. 55-74
    • Wutzler, P.1    Thust, R.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.