AIDS dementia complex

Handbook of Clinical Neurology

Volumn 85, Issue , 2007, Pages 79-91

  Brew, Bruce J ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF NEW SOUTH WALES   (Australia)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 67649548341     PISSN: 00729752     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book Series    
DOI: 10.1016/S0072-9752(07)85006-8     Document Type: Review

References (107)

1. Anthony I.C., Ramage S., Brannan F.W., et al. Premature neurodegeneration, inflammation and opiate misuse in HIV/AIDS before and after HAART. J Neurovirol 10 Suppl 3 (2004) 52
2. Aquaro S., Perno C.F., Balestra E., et al. Inhibition of replication of HIV in primary monocyte/macrophages by different antiviral drugs and comparative efficacy in lymphocytes. J Leukoc Biol 62 1 (1997) 138-143
3. Bacellar H., Munoz A., Miller E.N., et al. Temporal trends in the incidence of HIV-1 related neurologic diseases: Multicentre AIDS Cohort Study 1985-1992. Neurology 44 (1994) 1892-1900
4. Bachis A., Major E.O., and Mocchetti I. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor inhibits human immunodeficiency virus-1/gp120-mediated cerebellar granule cell death by preventing gp120 internalization. J Neurosci 23 13 (2003) 5715-5722
5. Bagasra O., Lavi E., Bobroski L., et al. Cellular reservoirs of HIV-1 in the central nervous system of infected individuals: identification by the combination of in situ polymerase chain reaction and immunochemistry. AIDS 10 6 (1996) 573-586
6. Bell J.E., Busuttil A., Ironside J.W., et al. Human immunodeficiency virus and the brain: investigation of virus load and neuropathologic changes in pre-AIDS subjects. J Infect Dis 168 (1993) 818-824
7. Boccellari A.A., and Dilley J.W. Management and residential placement problems of patients with HIV related cognitive impairment. Hosp Community Psych 43 (1992) 32-37
8. Bouwman F.H., Skolasky R., Hes D., et al. Variable progression of HIV-associated dementia. Neurology 50 (1998) 1814-1820
9. Brew B.J. HIV Neurology. Contemporary Neurology Series (2001), Oxford University Press, New York 53-90
10. Brew B.J. Evidence for a change in AIDS dementia complex (ADC) in the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy and the possibility of new forms of ADC. AIDS 18 Suppl 1 (2004) S75-S78
11. Brew B.J., and Miller J. Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 related transient neurologic deficits. Am J Med 101 3 (1996) 257-261
12. Brew B.J., Bhalla R.B., Paul M., et al. Cerebrospinal fluid concentrations of neopterin in human immunodeficiency virus infection. Ann Neurol 28 (1990) 556-560
13. 2 microglobulin in patients with AIDS dementia complex: an expanded series including response to zidovudine treatment. AIDS 6 (1992) 461-465
14. Brew B.J., Paul M., Khan A., et al. Cerebrospinal fluid HIV-1 p24 antigen and culture: sensitivity and specificity for AIDS dementia complex. J Neurol Neurosurg Psych 57 (1994) 784-789
15. Brew B.J., Rosenblum M., Cronin K., et al. The AIDS dementia complex and human immunodeficiency virus type 1 brain infection: clinical-virological correlations. Ann Neurol 38 (1995) 563-570
16. Brew B.J., Evans L., Byrne C., et al. The relationship between AIDS dementia complex and the presence of macrophage tropic and non syncytium inducing isolates of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 in the cerebrospinal fluid. J Neurovirol 2 (1996) 152-157
17. Brew B.J., Pemberton L., Cunningham P., et al. Levels of HIV-1 RNA correlate with AIDS dementia. J Infect Dis 175 (1997) 963-966
18. Budka H., Wiley C.A., Kleihues P., et al. HIV-associated disease of the nervous system: review of nomenclature and proposal for neuropathology based terminology. Brain Pathol 1 (1991) 143-152
19. Cartier L., Hartley O., Dubois-Dauphin M., et al. Chemokine receptors in the central nervous system: role in brain inflammation and neurodegenerative diseases. Brain Res Brain Res Rev 48 1 (2005) 16-42
20. Chang L., Ernst T., Leonido-Yee M., et al. Cerebral metabolites correlate with clinical severity of HIV-cognitive motor complex. Neurology 52 (1999) 100-108
21. Chang L., Ernst T., Witt M.D., et al. Persistent brain abnormalities in antiretroviral-naive HIV patients 3 months after HAART. Antivir Ther 8 1 (2003) 17-26
22. Chiesi A., Vella S., Dally L.G., et al. Epidemiology of AIDS dementia complex in Europe. HNRC Group. HIV Neurobehavioral Research Center. J Acq Imm Def Syn Hum Retrov 11 (1996) 39-44
23. Chiodi F., Albert J., Olausson E., et al. Isolation frequency of human immunodeficiency virus from cerebrospinal fluid and blood of patients with varying severity of HIV infection. AIDS Res Hum Retrov 4 (1988) 351-358
24. Cinque P., Vago L., Mengozzi M., et al. Elevated cerebrospinal fluid levels of monocyte chemotactic protein-1 correlate with HIV-1 encephalitis and local viral replication. AIDS 12 11 (1998) 1327-1332
25. Conant K., McArthur J.C., Griffin D.E., et al. Cerebrospinal fluid levels of MMP-2, 7 and 9 are elevated in association with Human Immunodeficiency Virus Dementia. Ann Neurol 46 (1999) 391-398
26. Cunningham P., Smith D., Satchell C., et al. Evidence for independent development of reverse transcriptase inhibitor resistance patterns in the cerebrospinal fluid. AIDS 14 13 (2000) 1949-1954
27. Currie J., Benson E., Ramsden B., et al. Eye movement abnormalities as a predictor of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome dementia complex. Arch Neurol 45 (1988) 949-953
28. Cysique L.A., Perdices M., Maruff P., et al. Prevalence and pattern of neuropsychological impairment in HIV/AIDS infection across pre-HAART and HAART eras: a combined study of 2 cohorts. J Neurovirol 10 (2004) 350-357
29. Cysique L.A., Maruff P., and Brew B.J. Antiretroviral therapy in HIV infection: are neurologically active drugs important?. Arch Neurol 61 (2004) 1699-1704
30. Cysique L.A., Bain M.P., Wright E., et al. Changes to the neuropsychological profile of AIDS dementia complex across pre-HAART and HAART eras and its relation to plasma and cerebropsinal fluid markers of virological and immunological activity. J Neurol (2007) (in press)
31. Dal Pan G.J., McArthur J.H., Aylward E., et al. Patterns of cerebral atrophy in HIV-1-infected individuals: results of a quantitative MRI analysis. Neurology 42 11 (1992) 2125-2130
32. Dal Pan G.J., Glass J.D., and McArthur J.C. Clinicopathological correlations of HIV-1 associated vacuolar myelopathy: an autopsy based case control study. Neurology 44 (1994) 2159-2164
33. Di Rocco A., Werner P., Bottiglieri T., et al. Treatment of AIDS-associated myelopathy with L-methionine: a placebo-controlled study. Neurology 63 7 (2004) 1270-1275
34. Dore G.J., Hoy J.F., Mallal S.A., et al. Trends in incidence of AIDS illnesses in Australia from 1983 to 1994: the Australian AIDS Cohort. J Acquir Immun Defic Syndr Hum Retrovirol 6 1 (1997) 39-43
35. Dore G., Correll P., Kaldor J., et al. Changes to the natural history of AIDS dementia complex in the era of HAART. AIDS 13 (1999) 1249-1253
36. Dore G.J., McDonald A., Li Y., et al. Marked improvement in survival following AIDS dementia complex in the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy. AIDS 17 10 (2003) 1539-1545
37. Esiri M.M., and Morris C.S. The cellular basis of HIV infection of the CNS and the AIDS dementia complex: oligodendrocyte. In: Price R.W., and Sidtis J.J. (Eds). The Cellular Basis of Central Nervous System HIV-1 Infection and the AIDS Dementia Complex (1996), Haworth Press, New York 133-160
38. Everall I.P. Neuropsychiatric aspects of HIV infection. J Neurol Neurosurg Psych 58 (1995) 399-402
39. Fine S.M., Angel R.A., Perry S.W., et al. Tumor necrosis factor α inhibits glutamate uptake by primary human astrocytes: implications for pathogenesis of HIV-1 dementia. J Biol Chem 271 (1996) 15303-15306
40. Foudraine N.A., Hoetelmans R.M., Lange J.M., et al. Cerebrospinal-fluid HIV-1 RNA and drug concentrations after treatment with lamivudine plus zidovudine or stavudine. Lancet 351 (1998) 1547-1551
41. Gallo P., Frei K., Rordorf C., et al. Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection of the central nervous system: an evaluation of cytokines in cerebrospinal fluid. J Neuroimmunol 23 (1989) 109-116
42. Gartner S. HIV infection and dementia. Science 287 5453 (2000) 602-604
43. Gelman B.B. Diffuse microgliosis associated with cerebral atrophy in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Ann Neurol 34 (1993) 65-70
44. Gelman B.B., and Guinto F.C. Morphometry, histopathology and tomography of cerebral atrophy in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Ann Neurol 32 (1992) 31-40
45. Giometto B., An S.F., Groves M., et al. Accumulation of β amyloid precursor protein in HIV encephalitis: relationship with neuropsychological abnormalities. Ann Neurol 42 (1997) 34-40
46. Gisslen M., Norkrans G., Svennerholm B., et al. The effect on human immunodeficiency virus type 1 RNA levels in the cerebrospinal fluid after initiation of zidovudine or didanosine. J Infect Dis 175 (1997) 434-437
47. Glass J.D., Wesselingh S.L., Selnes O.A., et al. Clinical-neuropathologic correlation in HIV-associated dementia. Neurology 43 (1993) 2230-2237
48. Goodin D.S., Aminoff M.J., Chernoff D.N., et al. Long latency event-related potentials in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus. Ann Neurol 27 (1990) 414-419
49. Gray F., Adle-Biassette H., Chretien F., et al. Neuropathology and neurodegeneration in human immunodeficiency virus infection. Pathogenesis of HIV-induced lesions of the brain, correlations with HIV-associated disorders and modifications according to treatments. Clin Neuropathol 20 4 (2001) 146-155
50. Gray F., Chretien F., Vallat-Decouvelaere A.V., et al. The changing pattern of HIV neuropathology in the HAART era. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 62 5 (2003) 429-440
51. Grimaldi L.M., Martino G.V., Franciotta D.M., et al. Elevated alpha-tumor necrosis factor levels in spinal fluid from HIV-1-infected patients with central nervous system involvement. Ann Neurol 29 1 (1991) 21-25
52. Heyes M.P., Brew B.J., Martin A., et al. Cerebrospinal fluid quinolinic acid concentrations are increased in acquired immune deficiency syndrome. Ann Neurol 29 (1991) 202-209
53. Jarvik J.G., Hesselink J.R., Kennedy C., et al. Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Magnetic resonance patterns of brain involvement with pathologic correlation. Arch Neurol 45 7 (1988) 731-736
54. Kieburtz K.D., Giang D.W., Schiffer R.B., et al. Abnormal vitamin B12 metabolism in human immunodeficiency virus infection. Association with neurological dysfunction. Arch Neurol 48 (1991) 312-314
55. Kim R.B., Fromm M.F., Wandel C., et al. The drug transporter P glycoprotein limits oral absorption and brain entry of the HIV-1 protease inhibitors. J Clin Invest 101 (1998) 289-294
56. Konig J., Nies A.T., Cui Y., et al. Conjugate export pumps of the multidrug resistance protein (MRP) family: localization, substrate specificity, and MRP2-mediated drug resistance. Biochim Biophys Acta 1461 (1999) 377-394
57. Koralnik I.J., Beaumanoir A., Hausler R., et al. A controlled study of early neurologic abnormalities in men with asymptomatic human immunodeficiency virus infection. N Engl J Med 323 13 (1990) 864-870
58. Krathwohl M.D., and Kaiser J.L. HIV-1 promotes quiescence in human neural progenitor cells. J Infect Dis 190 2 (2004) 216-226
59. Langford D., Grigorian A., Hurford R., et al. Altered P-glycoprotein expression in AIDS patients with HIV encephalitis. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 63 10 (2004) 1038-1047
60. Lipton S.A., and Gendelman H.E. Dementia associated with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. N Engl J Med 332 14 (1995) 934-940
61. Lori F., Malykh A., Cara A., et al. Hydroxyurea as an inhibitor of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 replication. Science 266 (1994) 801-805
62. Maddocks I., Waddy H., and Brew B.J. Palliative Management in Neurological Disorders: A Practical Guide (2005), Cambridge University Press, London
63. Marder K., Albert S.M., McDermott M.P., et al. Inter-rater reliability of a clinical staging of HIV-associated cognitive impairment. Neurology 60 (2003) 1467-1473
64. Marshall D.W., Brey R.L., Cahill W.T., et al. Spectrum of cerebrospinal fluid findings in various stages of human immunodeficiency virus infection. Arch Neurol 45 (1988) 954-958
65. Martin C., Sonnerborg A., Svensson J.O., et al. Indinavir-based treatment of HIV-1 infected patients: efficacy in the central nervous system. AIDS 13 (1999) 1227-1232
66. Maruff P., Currie J., Malone V., et al. Neuropsychological characterisation of the AIDS dementia complex and rationalisation of a test battery. Arch Neurol 51 (1994) 689-695
67. Maschke M., Kastrup O., Esser S., et al. Incidence and prevalence of HIV-associated neurological disorders since the introduction of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). J Neurol Neurosurg Psych 69 3 (2000) 376-380
68. Masliah E., Heaton R.K., Marcotte T.D., et al. Dendritic injury is a pathological substrate for human immunodeficiency virus related cognitive disorders. Ann Neurol 42 6 (1997) 963-972
69. McArthur J.C., Hoover D.R., Bacellar H., et al. Dementia in AIDS patients: incidence and risk factors. Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study. Neurology 43 (1993) 2245-2252
70. McArthur J.C., McClernon D.R., Cronin M.F., et al. Relationship between human immunodeficiency virus-associated dementia and viral load in cerebrospinal fluid and brain. Ann Neurol 42 (1997) 689-698
71. McArthur J.C., McDermott M.P., McClernon D., et al. Attenuated central nervous system infection in advanced HIV/AIDS with combination antiretroviral therapy. Arch Neurol 61 11 (2004) 1687-1696
72. Mirsattari S.M., Roke Berry M.E., Holden J.K., et al. Paroxysmal dyskinesias in patients with HIV infection. Neurology 52 (1999) 109-114
73. Mizuno T., Kawanokuchi J., Numata K., et al. Production and neuroprotective functions of fractalkine in the central nervous system. Brain Res 979 1-2 (2003) 65-70
74. Morgello S., Mahboob R., Yakoushina T., et al. Autopsy findings in a human immunodeficiency virus-infected population over 2 decades: influences of gender, ethnicity, risk factors, and time. Arch Pathol Lab Med 126 2 (2002) 182-190
75. Moses A.V., Stenglein S.G., and Nelson J.A. HIV infection of the brain microvasculature and its contribution to the AIDS dementia complex. J NeuroAIDS 1 (1996) 85-100
76. Nath A., and Jankovic J. Motor disorders in patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection. In: Rotterdam H., Sommers S.C., Racz P., and Meyer P.R. (Eds). Progress in AIDS Pathology Vol. 1 (1989), Field and Wood Medical, New York 159-166
77. Navia B., Jordan B.D., and Price R.W. The AIDS dementia complex: I. Clinical features. Ann Neurol 19 (1986) 517-524
78. Nuwer M.R., Miller E.N., Visscher B.R., et al. Asymptomatic HIV infection does not cause EEG abnormalities: results from the Multicentre AIDS Cohort Study (MACS). Neurology 42 (1992) 1214-1219
79. Pemberton L., and Brew B.J. CSF S-100b and its relationship with AIDS dementia complex. J Clin Virol 22 (2001) 249-253
80. Petito C.K., and Cash K.S. Blood brain barrier abnormalities in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome: immunohistochemical localization of serum proteins in postmortem brain. Ann Neurol 32 (1992) 658-666
81. Petito C.K., Navia B.A., Cho E.S., et al. Vacuolar myelopathy pathologically resembling subacute combined degeneration in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. N Engl J Med 312 (1985) 874-879
82. Portegies P., Enting R.H., de Gans J., et al. Presentation and course of AIDS dementia complex: 10 years of follow-up in Amsterdam, The Netherlands. AIDS 7 (1993) 669-675
83. Power C., Kong P.A., Crawford T.O., et al. Cerebral white matter changes in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome dementia: alterations of the blood brain barrier. Ann Neurol 34 (1993) 339-359
84. Power C., Selnes O.A., Grim J.A., et al. HIV dementia scale: a rapid screening test. J Acquir Immun Defic Syndr Hum Retrovirol 8 (1995) 273-278
85. Price R.W., and Brew B.J. The AIDS dementia complex. J Infect Dis 158 (1988) 1079-1083
86. Rosenblum M., Scheck A.C., Cronin K., et al. Dissociation of AIDS related vacuolar myelopathy and productive HIV-1 infection of the spinal cord. Neurology 39 (1989) 892-896
87. Rottenberg D.A., Moeller J.R., Strother S.C., et al. The metabolic pathology of the AIDS dementia complex. Ann Neurol 22 (1987) 700-706
88. Rottnek M., Di Rocco A., Laudier D., et al. Axonal damage is a late component of vacuolar myelopathy. Neurology 58 (2002) 479-481
89. Saavedra-Lozano J., McCoig C.C., Cao Y., et al. Zidovudine, lamivudine, and abacavir have different effects on resting cells infected with human immunodeficiency virus in vitro. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 48 8 (2004) 2825-2830
90. Sanders V.J., Pittman C.A., White M.G., et al. Chemokines and receptors in HIV encephalitis. AIDS 12 9 (1998) 1021-1026
91. Schielke E., Tatsch K., Pfister H.W., et al. Reduced cerebral blood flow in early stages of human immunodeficiency virus infection. Arch Neurol 47 12 (1990) 1342-1345
92. Selnes O.A., Galai N., Bacellar H., et al. Cognitive performance after progression to AIDS: a longitudinal study from the multicenter AIDS cohort study. Neurology 45 (1995) 267-275
93. Sevigny J.J., Chin S.S., Milewski Y., et al. HIV encephalitis simulating Huntington's disease. Mov Disord 20 5 (2005) 610-613
94. Shen R., Alam A., and Zhang Y. Inhibition of GTP cyclohydrolase I by pterins. Biochem Biophys Acta 965 (1988) 9-15
95. Si Q., Cosenza M., Kim M.O., et al. A novel action of minocycline: inhibition of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection in microglia. J Neurovirol 10 5 (2004) 284-292
96. Sidtis J.J., Gatsonis C., Price R.W., et al. Zidovudine treatment of the AIDS dementia complex: results of a placebo controlled trial. AIDS Clinical Trials Group. Ann Neurol 33 (1993) 343-349
97. Sinclair E., Gray F., Giardi A., et al. Immunohistochemical changes and PCR detection of HIV provirus DNA in brains of asymptomatic HIV positive patients. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 53 (1994) 43-50
98. Sweeney J.A., Brew B.J., Keilp J.G., et al. Pursuit eye movement dysfunction in HIV-1 seropositive individuals. J Psych Neurosci 16 5 (1991) 247-252
99. Takahashi K., Wesselingh S.L., Griffin D.E., et al. Localization of HIV-1 in human brain using polymerase chain reaction/in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry. Ann Neurol 39 (1996) 705-711
100. Thompson K.A., McArthur J.C., and Wesselingh S.L. Correlation between neurological progression and astrocyte apoptosis in HIV-associated dementia. Ann Neurol 49 6 (2001) 745-752
101. Tornatore C., Chandra R., Berger J.R., et al. HIV-1 infection of subcortical astrocytes in the pediatric central nervous system. Neurology 44 (1994) 481-487
102. Tyor W.R., Glass J.D., Griffin J.W., et al. Cytokine expression in the brain during the acquired immune deficiency syndrome. Ann Neurol 31 (1992) 349-360
103. Weidenheim K.M., Ausubel M., and Lyman W.D. Quantification of microglia in vacuolar myelopathy is a more sensitive measure of pathology than changes in myelin protein immunoreactivity. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 55 (1996) 660
104. Wesselingh S.L., Power C., Glass J.D., et al. Intracerebral cytokine messenger RNA expression in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome dementia. Ann Neurol 33 6 (1993) 576-582
105. Wilkins J.W., Robertson K.R., Snyder C.R., et al. Implications of self reported cognitive and motor dysfunction in HIV positive patients. Am J Psych 148 (1991) 641-643
106. Zhang K., McQuibban G.A., Silva C., et al. HIV-induced metalloproteinase processing of the chemokine stromal cell derived factor-1 causes neurodegeneration. Nat Neurosci 6 10 (2003) 1064-1071
107. Zink M.C., and Clements J.E. A novel simian immunodeficiency virus model that provides insight into mechanisms of human immunodeficiency virus central nervous system disease. J Neurovirol 8 Suppl 2 (2002) 42-48