The biology of facial fillers

Facial Plastic Surgery

Volumn 25, Issue 2, 2009, Pages 73-85

  Bentkover, Stuart H ^a,b  

^a Bentkover Facial Plastic Surgery and Laser Center   (United States)

^b HARVARD MEDICAL SCHOOL   (United States)

Author keywords

Biofilm; Collagen neogenesis; Cross linking; Facial filler; Granuloma; Immunogenicity; Phagocytosis

Indexed keywords

COLLAGEN IMPLANT; FILLER; HYALURONIC ACID; HYDROXYAPATITE; IMMUNOGLOBULIN G; POLY(METHYL METHACRYLATE); POLYLACTIC ACID; SILICONE;

BIOENGINEERING; BIOFILM; BIOLOGY; CROSS LINKING; FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION; FOREIGN BODY GRANULOMA; HUMAN; HYDROGEL; IMMUNOGENICITY; OFF LABEL DRUG USE; PARTICLE SIZE; PHAGOCYTOSIS; REVIEW; SAFETY; SURFACE PROPERTY; TISSUE REACTION;

ANIMALS; BIOCOMPATIBLE MATERIALS; BIOFILMS; CATTLE; CHONDROGENESIS; COLLAGEN; COSMETIC TECHNIQUES; DURAPATITE; FACE; GRANULOMA, FOREIGN-BODY; HUMANS; HYALURONIC ACID; INJECTIONS, SUBCUTANEOUS; LACTIC ACID; MICROSPHERES; PHAGOCYTOSIS; POLYMERS; POLYMETHYL METHACRYLATE; SILICONES; SWINE;

EID: 67649354691     PISSN: 07366825     EISSN: 10988793     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1055/s-0029-1220646     Document Type: Review

References (72)

1. Rohrich RJ, ed. Semipermanent and permanent dermal/subdermal fillers supplement. Plast Reconstr Surg 2006;118(3S)1S-84S
2. Bader RS, Johnson DL. Dermal fillers. Available at: http://emedicine. medscape.com. Accessed November 1, 2008
3. Carruthers J. Review of long-lasting dermal fillers. Available at: http://www.Miinews.com. Accessed November 1, 2008
4. Kumar V, Cotran RS, Robbins SL. Robbins Basic Pathology. 7th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Saunders; 2003:41-42, 56
5. Rubin E, Farber JL. Pathology. 3rd ed. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott-Raven; 1999:62-6772-73
6. Broder KW, Cohen SR. An overview of permanent and semipermanent fillers. Plast Reconstr Surg 2006;118(3S):7S-14S (Pubitemid 44319085)
7. Champion JA, Walker A, Mitragotri S. Role of particle size in phagocytosis of polymeric microspheres. Pharm Res 2008;25:1815-1821
8. Champion JA, Mitragotri S. Role of target geometry in phagocytosis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2006;103:4930-4934
9. Champion J, Mitragotri S. Recognition of the size of polymer drug carriers by macrophages. Available at: http://aiche.confex.com/aiche/2006/ techprogram/P66762.HTM. Accessed December 13, 2008
10. Freitas RA Jr. Alumina and sapphire particles. NanomedicineBookSite. Available at: http://www.nanomedicine.com/NMIIA/15.3.5.5.htm. Accessed December 13, 2008
11. Morhenn VB, Lemperle G, Gallo RL. Phagocytosis of different particulate dermal filler substances by human macrophages and skin cells. Dermatol Surg 2002;28:484-490 (Pubitemid 34686632)
12. Ishikawa Y, Muramatsu N, Ohshima H, Kondo T. Effect of particle size on phagocytosis of latex particles by guinea-pig polymorphonuclear leucocytes. J Biomater Sci Polym Ed 1991;2:53-60
13. Chen H, Langer R, Edwards DA. A film tension theory of phagocytosis. J Colloid Interface Sci 1997;190:118-137 (Pubitemid 27472891)
14. Tomazic-Jezic VJ, Merritt K, Umbreit TH. Significance of the type and size of biomaterial particles on phagocytosis and tissue distribution. J Biomed Mater Res 2001;55:523-529 (Pubitemid 32336282)
15. DeLustro F, Smith ST, Sundsmo J, Salem G, Kincaid S, Ellingsworth L. Reaction to injectable collagen: results in animal models and clinical use. Plast Reconstr Surg 1987;79:581-594 (Pubitemid 17075963)
16. Frank DH, Vakassian L, Fisher JCMD, Ozkan N. Human antibody response following multiple injections of bovine collagen. Plast Reconstr Surg 1991;87:1080-1088
17. Cukier J, Beauchamp RA, Spindler JS, Lorenzo C, Rentham DE. Association between bovine collagen dermal implants and a dermatomyositis or a polymyositis-like syndrome. Ann Intern Med 1993;118:920-928
18. Moscona RR, Bergman R, Friedman-Birnbaum R. An unusual late reaction to Zyderm I injections: a challenge for treatment. Plast Reconstr Surg 1993;92:331-334 (Pubitemid 23226879)
19. Christensen L, Breiting V, Janssen M, Vuust J, Hogdall E. Adverse reactions to injectable soft tissue permanent fillers. Aesthetic Plast Surg 2005;29:34-48 (Pubitemid 40685159)
20. Christensen L. Normal and pathologic tissue reactions to soft tissue gel filers. Dermatol Surg 2007;33(Suppl 2):S168-S175 (Pubitemid 350233456)
21. Bucalo LR, Schwendner S, Wirtz UF, Sreedharan S, Bernstein LR. Use of gallium to treat biofilm-associated infections.World Intellectual Property Organization. Available at: http://www.wipo.int/pctdb/en/wo.jsp?WO=2007087461. Accessed November 15, 2008
22. Hall-Stoodley L, Ze FH, Gieseke A, et al. Direct detection of bacterial biofilms on the middle-ear mucosa of children with chronic otitis media. JAMA 2006;296:202-211 (Pubitemid 44050374)
23. Barakate M, Bekenham E, Curotta J, da Crua M. Bacterial biofilm adherence to middle-ear ventilation tubes: scanning electron micrograph images and literature review. J Laryngol Otol 2007;121:993-997 (Pubitemid 351650454)
24. Tezel A, Fredrickson GH. The science of hyaluronic acid dermal fillers. J Cosmet Laser Ther 2008;10:35-42 (Pubitemid 351360018)
25. Wang F, Garza LA, Kang S, et al. In vivo stimulation of de novo collagen production caused by cross-linked hyaluronic acid dermal filler injections in photodamaged human skin. Arch Dermatol 2007;143:155-163
26. Webster RC, Fuleihan NS, Gaunt J, Hamdan US, Smith RC. Injectable silicone for small augmentations: twenty year experience in humans. Am J Cosmet Surg 1984;1:1-10
27. Webster RC, Gaunt JM, Hamdan US, Fuleihan NS, Smith RC. Injectable silicone for facial soft-tissue augmentation. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 1986;112:290-296 (Pubitemid 16091405)
28. Orentreich NO. Soft tissue augmentation with medical-grade fluid silicone. In: Rubin LR, ed. Biomaterials in Reconstructive Surgery. St. Louis, MO: Mosby; 1983:859-881
29. Orentreich DS, Orentreich N. Injectable fluid silicone. In: Roenigk RK, Roenigk HH, eds. Dermatologic Surgery: Principles and Practice. New York, NY: Marcel Dekker; 1989:1349-1395
30. Narins RS, Beer K. Liquid injectable silicone: a review of its history, immunology, technical considerations, complications, and potential. Plast Reconstr Surg 2006;118(3S):77S-84S (Pubitemid 44319093)
31. Tilleman TR. Cosmetic use of injection silicone oils; approved material with unapproved procedure. Time to ban "off-label" use? Paper submitted in satisfaction of course requirement and MPA/MC reading and research requirement. Food and drug law. Professor Peter Barton Hutt. January 2005. Harvard Law School, Cambridge, MA
32. Kamer FM, Churukian MM. Clinical use of injectable collagen. Arch Otolaryngol 1984;110:93-98
33. Homicz MR, Watson D. Review of injectable materials for soft tissue augmentation. Facial Plast Surg 2004;20:21-29 (Pubitemid 38451772)
34. Bailey AJ. The fate of collagen implants in tissue defects. Wound Repair Regen 2000;8:5-12 (Pubitemid 30140795)
35. Webster RC, Kattner MD, Smith RC. Injectable collagen for augmentation of facial areas. Arch Otolaryngol 1984;110:652-656 (Pubitemid 14008109)
36. Knapp TR, Kaplan EN, Daniels JR. Injectable collagen for soft tissue augmentation. Plast Reconstr Surg 1977;60:398-405 (Pubitemid 8231213)
37. Narins RS, Frandt FS, Lorenc ZP, Mass CS, Monheit GD, Smith SR. 12 month persistency of a novel ribose-cross-linked collagen dermal filler. Dermatol Surg 2008;34(Suppl 1):S31-S39 (Pubitemid 351792846)
38. Shoshani D, Markovitz E, Cohen Y, Heremans A, Goldlust A. Skin test hypersensitivity study of a cross-linked, porcine collagen implant for aesthetic surgery. Dermatol Surg 2007;33(Suppl 2):S152-S158 (Pubitemid 350233454)
39. Monstrey SJ, Pitaru SD, Moustapha H, et al. A two-stage trial of Evolence30 collagen for soft-tissue contour correction. Plast Reconstr Surg 2007;120:303-311 (Pubitemid 46956067)
40. Narins RS, Frandt FS, Lorenc ZP, et al. A randomized, multicenter study of the safety and efficacy of Dermicol-P35 and non-animal stabilized hyaluronic acid gel for the correction of nasolabial folds. Dermatol Surg 2007;33(Suppl 2):S213-S221 (Pubitemid 350233466)
41. Sclafani AP, Romo T III. Collagen, human collagen, and fat: the search for a three-dimensional soft tissue filler. Facial Plast Surg 2001;17:79-85 (Pubitemid 32771955)
42. Stolman LP. Human collagen reactions. Dermatol Surg 2005;31:1634
43. Arron ST, Neuhaus IM. Persistent delayed-type hypersensitivity reaction to injectable non-animal-stabilized hyaluronic acid. J Cosmet Dermatol 2007;6:167-171 (Pubitemid 47335276)
44. Friedman PM, Mafong EA, Kauvar AN, Geronemus RG. Safety data of injectable nonanimal stabilized hyaluronic acid gel for soft tissue augmentation. Dermatol Surg 2002;28:491-494 (Pubitemid 34686633)
45. Vartanian AJ, Frankel AS, Rubin MG. Injected hyaluronidase reduces Restylane-mediated cutaneous augmentation. Arch Facial Plast Surg 2005;7:231-237 (Pubitemid 43982384)
46. Soparkar CNS, Patrinely JR, Skibell BC, Tower RN. Hyaluronidase and Restylane. Arch Facial Plast Surg 2007;9:299-300
47. Sall I, Ferard G. Comparison of the sensitivity of 11 crosslinked hyaluronic acid gels to bovine testis hyaluronidase. Polym Degrad Stab 2007;92:915-919 (Pubitemid 46654201)
48. Macready N. Dermal fillers: focus on hyaluronic acid. Presented at: American Society of Aesthetic Plastic Surgery Meeting; May 1-7, 2008; San Diego, CA. Available at: http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/576776. Accessed December 12, 2008
49. Arlette JP, Trotter MJ. Anatomic location of hyaluronic acid filler material injected into the nasolabial fold: a histologic study. Dermatol Surg 2008;34(Suppl 1):S56-S63 (Pubitemid 351792850)
50. Costantino PD, Friedman CD, Lane A. Synthetic biomaterials in facial plastic and reconstructive surgery. Facial Plast Surg 1993;9:1-15 (Pubitemid 23075127)
51. Berlin AL, Hussain M, Goldberg DJ. Calcium hydroxylapatite filler for facial rejuvenation: a histologic and immunohistochemical analysis. Dermatol Surg 2008;34(Suppl 1):S64-S67 (Pubitemid 351792852)
52. Sadick NS, Katz BE, Deborshi R. A multicenter, 47-month study of safety and efficacy of calcium hydroxylapatite for soft tissue augmentation of nasolabial folds and other areas of the face. Dermatol Surg 2007;33(Suppl):S122- S127 (Pubitemid 350233448)
53. Carruthers A, Liebeskind M, Carruthers J, Foster BB. Radiographic and computed tomographic studies of calcium hydroxylapatite for treatment of HIV-associated facial lipoatrophy and correction of nasolabial folds. Dermatol Surg 2008;34(Suppl):S78-S84 (Pubitemid 351792854)
54. Tzikas TL. Evaluation of the Radiance FN soft tissue filler for facial soft tissue augmentation. Arch Facial Plast Surg 2004;6:234-239
55. Marmur ES, Phelps R, Goldberg D. Clinical, histologic and electron microscopic findings after injection of a calcium hydroxylapatite filler. J Cosmet Laser Ther 2004;6:223-226 (Pubitemid 40547028)
56. Holzapfel AM, Mangat DS, Barron DS. Soft-tissue augmentation with calcium hydroxylapatite: histological analysis. Arch Facial Plast Surg 2008;10:335-338
57. Jansen DA, Graivier MH. Evaluation of a calcium hydroxylapatite-based implant (Radiesse) for facial soft-tissue augmentation. Plast Reconstr Surg 2006;118(3S):22S-30S (Pubitemid 44319087)
58. Sankar V, McGuff HS. Foreign body reaction to calcium hydroxylapatite after lip augmentation. J Am Dent Assoc 2007;138:1093-1096
59. Lam SM, Azizzadeh B, Graivier M. Injectable poly-l-lactic acid (Sculptra): technical considerations in soft-tissue contouring. Plast Reconstr Surg 2006;118(3S):55S-63S (Pubitemid 44319091)
60. Humble G,Mest D. Soft tissue augmentation using Sculptra. Facial Plast Surg 2004;20:157-163 (Pubitemid 40075174)
61. Dermik, Inc. NEW-FILL®. Sculpting and filling innovation. Available at: http://www.i-base.info/i-basemeetings/lipo/Mediphi63l%20doctors%20training. ppt. Accessed December 12, 2008
62. Vleggaar D. Soft-tissue augmentation and the role of poly-l-lactic acid. Plast Reconstr Surg 2006;118(3S):46S-54S (Pubitemid 44319090)
63. Fulton JE Jr, Porumb S, Caruso J, Shitabata P. Lip augmentation with liquid silicone. Dermatol Surg 2005;31:1577-1585
64. Cohen SR, Berner CF, Busso M, et al. ArteFill: a long-lasting injectable wrinkle filler material - Summary of the U.S. Food and Drug Administration trials and a progress report on 4- to 5-year outcomes. Plast Reconstr Surg 2006;118(3S):64S-76S
65. Judet J. Prostheses en resins acrylic. Mem Acad Chir (Paris) 1947;73:561
66. Alam M, Gladstone H, Kramer EM, et al. ASDS guideline of care: injectable fillers. Dermatol Surg 2008;34(Suppl 1):S115-S148 (Pubitemid 351792861)
67. Lemperle G, Ott H, Charrier U, Hecker J, Lemperle M. PMMA microspheres for intradermal implantation, part I: animal research. Ann Plast Surg 1991;26:57-62
68. Bagal A, Dahiya R, Tsai V, Adamson P. Clinical experience with polymethylmethacrylate microspheres (Artecoll) for soft-tissue augmentation. A retrospective review. Arch Facial Plast Surg 2007;9:275-280
69. McClelland M, Egbert B, Hanko V, Berg RA, DeLustro F. Evaluation of Artecoll polymethylmethacrylate implant for soft-tissue augmentation: biocompatibility and chemical characterization. Plast Reconstr Surg 1997;100:1466-1474 (Pubitemid 27508207)
70. Reisberger EM, Landthaler M, Luitgard W, Schröder Stolz W. Foreign body granulomas caused by polymethylmethacrylate microspheres. Successful treatment with allopurinol. Arch Dermatol 2003;139:17-20
71. Salles AG, Lotierzo PH, Gemperli R, et al. Complications after polymethylmethacrylate injections: report of 32 cases. Plast Reconstr Surg 2008;121:1811-1820 (Pubitemid 351642742)
72. Van de Belt H, Neut D, Schenk W, van Horn JR, van der Mei HC, Busscher HJ. Infection of orthopedic implants and the use of antibiotic-loaded bone cements. Acta Orthop Scand 2001;72:557-571 (Pubitemid 34031652)