Current Status of the Approach to Assisted Reproduction

Pediatric Clinics of North America

Volumn 56, Issue 3, 2009, Pages 467-488

  Pauli, Samuel A ^a   Berga, Sarah L ^a   Shang, Weirong ^b   Session, Donna R ^a  

^a EMORY UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

^b Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility   (United States)

Author keywords

ART; Fertility preservation; Infertility; IVF; Oncofertility; Pediatric

Indexed keywords

CHORIONIC GONADOTROPIN; CLOMIFENE CITRATE; GONADORELIN AGONIST; GONADORELIN ANTAGONIST;

ANTIBIOTIC PROPHYLAXIS; CANCER CHEMOTHERAPY; CANCER RADIOTHERAPY; CHILDHOOD CANCER; CLINICAL TRIAL; CONGENITAL MALFORMATION; CRYOPRESERVATION; ECTOPIC PREGNANCY; EMBRYO TRANSFER; FERTILIZATION IN VITRO; GAMETE INTRAFALLOPIAN TRANSFER; GENETIC SCREENING; HUMAN; INFERTILITY THERAPY; INTRACYTOPLASMIC SPERM INJECTION; MOLECULAR GENETICS; MULTIPLE PREGNANCY; OOCYTE RETRIEVAL; OVARIAN PRESERVATION; OVARY FOLLICLE DEVELOPMENT; OVARY HYPERSTIMULATION; OVULATION INDUCTION; PREGNANCY RATE; PREMATURE OVARIAN FAILURE; PRENATAL DIAGNOSIS; RADIATION SHIELD; REVIEW; SPERM PRESERVATION; SPERM RETRIEVAL; SPONTANEOUS ABORTION; CHROMOSOME ANALYSIS; DRUG CONTRAINDICATION; EMBRYO CULTURE; FEMALE; INFERTILITY; MALE; METHODOLOGY; PREGNANCY;

CYTOGENETIC ANALYSIS; EMBRYO CULTURE TECHNIQUES; EMBRYO TRANSFER; FEMALE; FERTILIZATION IN VITRO; GENETIC SCREENING; HUMANS; INFERTILITY; MALE; OOCYTE RETRIEVAL; OVULATION INDUCTION; PREGNANCY; REPRODUCTIVE TECHNIQUES, ASSISTED;

EID: 67649132520     PISSN: 00313955     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.pcl.2009.04.001     Document Type: Review

References (137)

1. Steptoe P.C., and Edwards R.G. Birth after the reimplantation of a human embryo. Lancet 2 8085 (1978) 366
2. Available at: www.cdc.gov/art/art2005/. Accessed Jan 19, 2009.
3. Hamilton B.E., Martin J.A., and Ventura S.J. Births: preliminary data for 2005. Natl Vital Stat Rep 55 11 (2006) 1-18
4. Chandra A., Martinez G.M., Mosher W.D., et al. Fertility, family planning, and reproductive health of U.S. women: data from the 2002 National Survey of Family Growth. Vital Health Stat 23 25 (2005) 1-160
5. Trounson A., and Mohr L. Human pregnancy following cryopreservation, thawing and transfer of an eight-cell embryo. Nature 305 5936 (1983) 707-709
6. Palermo G., Joris H., Devroey P., et al. Pregnancies after intracytoplasmic injection of single spermatozoon into an oocyte. Lancet 340 8810 (1992) 17-18
7. Handyside A.H., Kontogianni E.H., Hardy K., et al. Pregnancies from biopsied human preimplantation embryos sexed by Y-specific DNA amplification. Nature 344 6268 (1990) 768-770
8. Muasher S.J., Oehninger S., Simonetti S., et al. The value of basal and/or stimulated serum gonadotropin levels in prediction of stimulation response and in vitro fertilization outcome. Fertil Steril 50 2 (1988) 298-307
9. Scott R.T., Toner J.P., Muasher S.J., et al. Follicle-stimulating hormone levels on cycle day 3 are predictive of in vitro fertilization outcome. Fertil Steril 51 4 (1989) 651-654
10. Toner J.P., Philput C.B., Jones G.S., et al. Basal follicle-stimulating hormone level is a better predictor of in vitro fertilization performance than age. Fertil Steril 55 4 (1991) 784-791
11. Licciardi F.L., Liu H.C., and Rosenwaks Z. Day 3 estradiol serum concentrations as prognosticators of ovarian stimulation response and pregnancy outcome in patients undergoing in vitro fertilization. Fertil Steril 64 5 (1995) 991-994
12. Smotrich D.B., Widra E.A., Gindoff P.R., et al. Prognostic value of day 3 estradiol on in vitro fertilization outcome. Fertil Steril 64 6 (1995) 1136-1140
13. Tomas C., Nuojua-Huttunen S., and Martikainen H. Pretreatment transvaginal ultrasound examination predicts ovarian responsiveness to gonadotrophins in in-vitro fertilization. Hum Reprod 12 2 (1997) 220-223
14. Chang M.Y., Chiang C.H., Hsieh T.T., et al. Use of the antral follicle count to predict the outcome of assisted reproductive technologies. Fertil Steril 69 3 (1998) 505-510
15. Seifer D.B., MacLaughlin D.T., Christian B.P., et al. Early follicular serum mullerian-inhibiting substance levels are associated with ovarian response during assisted reproductive technology cycles. Fertil Steril 77 3 (2002) 468-471
16. Mansour R., Aboulghar M., and Serour G. Dummy embryo transfer: a technique that minimizes the problems of embryo transfer and improves the pregnancy rate in human in vitro fertilization. Fertil Steril 54 4 (1990) 678-681
17. Clark J.H., and Markaverich B.M. The agonistic-antagonistic properties of clomiphene: a review. Pharmacol Ther 15 3 (1981) 467-519
18. Matikainen T., Ding Y.Q., Vergara M., et al. Differing responses of plasma bioactive and immunoreactive follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone to gonadotropin-releasing hormone antagonist and agonist treatments in postmenopausal women. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 75 3 (1992) 820-825
19. Daya S. Gonadotropin releasing hormone agonist protocols for pituitary desensitization in in vitro fertilization and gamete intrafallopian transfer cycles. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2 (2000) CD001299
20. Demirol A., and Gurgan T. Comparison of microdose flare-up and antagonist multiple-dose protocols for poor-responder patients: a randomized study. Fertil Steril (2008) [epub ahead of print]
21. Leroy I., d'Acremont M., Brailly-Tabard S., et al. A single injection of a gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) antagonist (Cetrorelix) postpones the luteinizing hormone (LH) surge: further evidence for the role of GnRH during the LH surge. Fertil Steril 62 3 (1994) 461-467
22. Ludwig M., Felberbaum R.E., Devroey P., et al. Significant reduction of the incidence of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS) by using the LHRH antagonist Cetrorelix (Cetrotide) in controlled ovarian stimulation for assisted reproduction. Arch Gynecol Obstet 264 1 (2000) 29-32
23. Speroff L., and Fritz M.A. Clinical gynecologic endocrinology and infertility. 7th edition (2005), Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Philadelphia
24. Bennett S.J., Waterstone J.J., Cheng W.C., et al. Complications of transvaginal ultrasound-directed follicle aspiration: a review of 2670 consecutive procedures. J Assist Reprod Genet 10 1 (1993) 72-77
25. Veeck L.L. An atlas of human gametes and conceptuses: an illustrated reference for assisted reproductive technology (1999), Parthenon Pub. Group, New York
26. Edi-Osagie E., Hooper L., and Seif M.W. The impact of assisted hatching on live birth rates and outcomes of assisted conception: a systematic review. Hum Reprod 18 9 (2003) 1828-1835
27. Seif M.M., Edi-Osagie E.C., Farquhar C., et al. Assisted hatching on assisted conception (IVF & ICSI). Cochrane Database Syst Rev 1 (2006) CD001894
28. The role of assisted hatching in in vitro fertilization: a review of the literature. A Committee opinion. Fertil Steril 90 Suppl 5 (2008) S196-S198
29. Blake D., Proctor M., Johnson N., et al. Cleavage stage versus blastocyst stage embryo transfer in assisted conception. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 4 (2005) CD002118
30. Sheiner E., Har-Vardi I., and Potashnik G. The potential association between blastocyst transfer and monozygotic twinning. Fertil Steril 75 1 (2001) 217-218
31. Milki A.A., Jun S.H., Hinckley M.D., et al. Incidence of monozygotic twinning with blastocyst transfer compared to cleavage-stage transfer. Fertil Steril 79 3 (2003) 503-506
32. Jain J.K., Boostanfar R., Slater C.C., et al. Monozygotic twins and triplets in association with blastocyst transfer. J Assist Reprod Genet 21 4 (2004) 103-107
33. Wright V., Schieve L.A., Vahratian A., et al. Monozygotic twinning associated with day 5 embryo transfer in pregnancies conceived after IVF. Hum Reprod 19 8 (2004) 1831-1836
34. Blastocyst culture and transfer in clinical-assisted reproduction. Fertil Steril 90 Suppl 5 (2008) S174-S177
35. Amso N.N., Ahuja K.K., Morris N., et al. The management of predicted ovarian hyperstimulation involving gonadotropin-releasing hormone analog with elective cryopreservation of all pre-embryos. Fertil Steril 53 6 (1990) 1087-1090
36. Ferraretti A.P., Gianaroli L., Magli C., et al. Elective cryopreservation of all pronucleate embryos in women at risk of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome: efficiency and safety. Hum Reprod 14 6 (1999) 1457-1460
37. Preimplantation genetic testing: a Practice Committee opinion. Fertil Steril 90 Suppl 5 (2008) S136-S143
38. Mastenbroek S., Twisk M., van Echten-Arends J., et al. In vitro fertilization with preimplantation genetic screening. N Engl J Med 357 1 (2007) 9-17
39. Handyside A.H., Lesko J.G., Tarin J.J., et al. Birth of a normal girl after in vitro fertilization and preimplantation diagnostic testing for cystic fibrosis. N Engl J Med 327 13 (1992) 905-909
40. Ray P.F., Kaeda J.S., Bingham J., et al. Preimplantation genetic diagnosis of beta-thalassaemia major. Lancet 347 9016 (1996) 1696
41. Xu K., Shi Z.M., Veeck L.L., et al. First unaffected pregnancy using preimplantation genetic diagnosis for sickle cell anemia. JAMA 281 18 (1999) 1701-1706
42. Grifo J.A., Tang Y.X., Cohen J., et al. Pregnancy after embryo biopsy and coamplification of DNA from X and Y chromosomes. JAMA 268 6 (1992) 727-729
43. Sermon K., Lissens W., Joris H., et al. Clinical application of preimplantation diagnosis for myotonic dystrophy. Prenat Diagn 17 10 (1997) 925-932
44. Ao A., Wells D., Handyside A.H., et al. Preimplantation genetic diagnosis of inherited cancer: familial adenomatous polyposis coli. J Assist Reprod Genet 15 3 (1998) 140-144
45. Spits C., De Rycke M., Van Ranst N., et al. Preimplantation genetic diagnosis for cancer predisposition syndromes. Prenat Diagn 27 5 (2007) 447-456
46. Abou-Sleiman P.M., Apessos A., Harper J.C., et al. First application of preimplantation genetic diagnosis to neurofibromatosis type 2 (NF2). Prenat Diagn 22 6 (2002) 519-524
47. Verlinsky Y., Rechitsky S., Verlinsky O., et al. Preimplantation diagnosis for neurofibromatosis. Reprod Biomed Online 4 3 (2002) 218-222
48. Verlinsky Y., Rechitsky S., Verlinsky O., et al. Preimplantation diagnosis for p53 tumour suppressor gene mutations. Reprod Biomed Online 2 2 (2001) 102-105
49. Schulman J.D., Black S.H., Handyside A., et al. Preimplantation genetic testing for Huntington disease and certain other dominantly inherited disorders. Clin Genet 49 2 (1996) 57-58
50. Verlinsky Y., Rechitsky S., Verlinsky O., et al. Preimplantation diagnosis for early-onset Alzheimer disease caused by V717L mutation. JAMA 287 8 (2002) 1018-1021
51. Seeho S.K., Burton G., Leigh D., et al. The role of preimplantation genetic diagnosis in the management of severe rhesus alloimmunization: first unaffected pregnancy: case report. Hum Reprod 20 3 (2005) 697-701
52. Verlinsky Y., Rechitsky S., Schoolcraft W., et al. Preimplantation diagnosis for Fanconi anemia combined with HLA matching. JAMA 285 24 (2001) 3130-3133
53. Klip H., Burger C.W., Kenemans P., et al. Cancer risk associated with subfertility and ovulation induction: a review. Cancer Causes Control 11 4 (2000) 319-344
54. Venn A., Watson L., Lumley J., et al. Breast and ovarian cancer incidence after infertility and in vitro fertilisation. Lancet 346 8981 (1995) 995-1000
55. Navot D., Relou A., Birkenfeld A., et al. Risk factors and prognostic variables in the ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome. Am J Obstet Gynecol 159 1 (1988) 210-215
56. Enskog A., Henriksson M., Unander M., et al. Prospective study of the clinical and laboratory parameters of patients in whom ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome developed during controlled ovarian hyperstimulation for in vitro fertilization. Fertil Steril 71 5 (1999) 808-814
57. Haning Jr. R.V., Austin C.W., Carlson I.H., et al. Plasma estradiol is superior to ultrasound and urinary estriol glucuronide as a predictor of ovarian hyperstimulation during induction of ovulation with menotropins. Fertil Steril 40 1 (1983) 31-36
58. Golan A., Ron-el R., Herman A., et al. Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome: an update review. Obstet Gynecol Surv 44 6 (1989) 430-440
59. Herman A., Ron-El R., Golan A., et al. Pregnancy rate and ovarian hyperstimulation after luteal human chorionic gonadotropin in in vitro fertilization stimulated with gonadotropin-releasing hormone analog and menotropins. Fertil Steril 53 1 (1990) 92-96
60. Whelan III J.G., and Vlahos N.F. The ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome. Fertil Steril 73 5 (2000) 883-896
61. Pattinson H.A., Hignett M., Dunphy B.C., et al. Outcome of thaw embryo transfer after cryopreservation of all embryos in patients at risk of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome. Fertil Steril 62 6 (1994) 1192-1196
62. Pezeshki K., Feldman J., Stein D.E., et al. Bleeding and spontaneous abortion after therapy for infertility. Fertil Steril 74 3 (2000) 504-508
63. Ball R.H., Ade C.M., Schoenborn J.A., et al. The clinical significance of ultransonographically detected subchorionic hemorrhages. Am J Obstet Gynecol 174 3 (1996) 996-1002
64. Clayton H.B., Schieve L.A., Peterson H.B., et al. Ectopic pregnancy risk with assisted reproductive technology procedures. Obstet Gynecol 107 3 (2006) 595-604
65. Nazari A., Askari H.A., Check J.H., et al. Embryo transfer technique as a cause of ectopic pregnancy in in vitro fertilization. Fertil Steril 60 5 (1993) 919-921
66. Reece E.A., Petrie R.H., Sirmans M.F., et al. Combined intrauterine and extrauterine gestations: a review. Am J Obstet Gynecol 146 3 (1983) 323-330
67. Tal J., Haddad S., Gordon N., et al. Heterotopic pregnancy after ovulation induction and assisted reproductive technologies: a literature review from 1971 to 1993. Fertil Steril 66 1 (1996) 1-12
68. Wilcox A.J., Weinberg C.R., O'Connor J.F., et al. Incidence of early loss of pregnancy. N Engl J Med 319 4 (1988) 189-194
69. Schieve L.A., Tatham L., Peterson H.B., et al. Spontaneous abortion among pregnancies conceived using assisted reproductive technology in the United States. Obstet Gynecol 101 5 Pt 1 (2003) 959-967
70. Derom C., Vlietinck R., Derom R., et al. Increased monozygotic twinning rate after ovulation induction. Lancet 1 8544 (1987) 1236-1238
71. Schieve L.A., Meikle S.F., Peterson H.B., et al. Does assisted hatching pose a risk for monozygotic twinning in pregnancies conceived through in vitro fertilization?. Fertil Steril 74 2 (2000) 288-294
72. Schieve L.A., Peterson H.B., Meikle S.F., et al. Live-birth rates and multiple-birth risk using in vitro fertilization. JAMA 282 19 (1999) 1832-1838
73. Schinzel A.A., Smith D.W., and Miller J.R. Monozygotic twinning and structural defects. J Pediatr 95 6 (1979) 921-930
74. Templeton A., and Morris J.K. Reducing the risk of multiple births by transfer of two embryos after in vitro fertilization. N Engl J Med 339 9 (1998) 573-577
75. Shulman A., Ben-Nun I., Ghetler Y., et al. Relationship between embryo morphology and implantation rate after in vitro fertilization treatment in conception cycles. Fertil Steril 60 1 (1993) 123-126
76. Guidelines on number of embryos transferred. Fertil Steril 86 Suppl 5 (2006) S51-S52
77. Strandell A., Bergh C., and Lundin K. Selection of patients suitable for one-embryo transfer may reduce the rate of multiple births by half without impairment of overall birth rates. Hum Reprod 15 12 (2000) 2520-2525
78. Martikainen H., Tiitinen A., Tomas C., et al. One versus two embryo transfer after IVF and ICSI: a randomized study. Hum Reprod 16 9 (2001) 1900-1903
79. Stone J., Ferrara L., Kamrath J., et al. Contemporary outcomes with the latest 1000 cases of multifetal pregnancy reduction (MPR). Am J Obstet Gynecol 199 4 (2008) e401-e404
80. Behrman R.E., and Butler A.S. Institute of medicine (US). Committee on understanding premature birth and assuring healthy outcomes. Preterm birth: causes, consequences, and prevention (2007), National Academies Press, Washington, DC
81. Schieve L.A., Meikle S.F., Ferre C., et al. Low and very low birth weight in infants conceived with use of assisted reproductive technology. N Engl J Med 346 10 (2002) 731-737
82. McGovern P.G., Llorens A.J., Skurnick J.H., et al. Increased risk of preterm birth in singleton pregnancies resulting from in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer or gamete intrafallopian transfer: a meta-analysis. Fertil Steril 82 6 (2004) 1514-1520
83. Jackson R.A., Gibson K.A., Wu Y.W., et al. Perinatal outcomes in singletons following in vitro fertilization: a meta-analysis. Obstet Gynecol 103 3 (2004) 551-563
84. Helmerhorst F.M., Perquin D.A., Donker D., et al. Perinatal outcome of singletons and twins after assisted conception: a systematic review of controlled studies. BMJ 328 7434 (2004) 261
85. Halliday J. Outcomes of IVF conceptions: are they different?. Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol 21 1 (2007) 67-81
86. Wang Y.A., Sullivan E.A., Black D., et al. Preterm birth and low birth weight after assisted reproductive technology-related pregnancy in Australia between 1996 and 2000. Fertil Steril 83 6 (2005) 1650-1658
87. McDonald S., Murphy K., Beyene J., et al. Perinatal outcomes of in vitro fertilization twins: a systematic review and meta-analyses. Am J Obstet Gynecol 193 1 (2005) 141-152
88. Schieve L.A., Ferre C., Peterson H.B., et al. Perinatal outcome among singleton infants conceived through assisted reproductive technology in the United States. Obstet Gynecol 103 6 (2004) 1144-1153
89. Van Steirteghem A. Outcome of assisted reproductive technology. N Engl J Med 338 3 (1998) 194-195
90. Hansen M., Bower C., Milne E., et al. Assisted reproductive technologies and the risk of birth defects-a systematic review. Hum Reprod 20 2 (2005) 328-338
91. Hansen M., Kurinczuk J.J., Bower C., et al. The risk of major birth defects after intracytoplasmic sperm injection and in vitro fertilization. N Engl J Med 346 10 (2002) 725-730
92. Ericson A., and Kallen B. Congenital malformations in infants born after IVF: a population-based study. Hum Reprod 16 3 (2001) 504-509
93. Dohle G.R., Halley D.J., Van Hemel J.O., et al. Genetic risk factors in infertile men with severe oligozoospermia and azoospermia. Hum Reprod 17 1 (2002) 13-16
94. Dowsing A.T., Yong E.L., Clark M., et al. Linkage between male infertility and trinucleotide repeat expansion in the androgen-receptor gene. Lancet 354 9179 (1999) 640-643
95. Patrizio P., Leonard D.G., Chen K.L., et al. Larger trinucleotide repeat size in the androgen receptor gene of infertile men with extremely severe oligozoospermia. J Androl 22 3 (2001) 444-448
96. Stromberg B., Dahlquist G., Ericson A., et al. Neurological sequelae in children born after in-vitro fertilisation: a population-based study. Lancet 359 9305 (2002) 461-465
97. Hvidtjorn D., Schieve L., Schendel D., et al. Cerebral palsy, autism spectrum disorders, and developmental delay in children born after assisted conception: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 163 1 (2009) 72-83
98. Pinborg A., Loft A., Schmidt L., et al. Neurological sequelae in twins born after assisted conception: controlled national cohort study. BMJ 329 7461 (2004) 311
99. Agarwal P., Loh S.K., Lim S.B., et al. Two-year neurodevelopmental outcome in children conceived by intracytoplasmic sperm injection: prospective cohort study. BJOG 112 10 (2005) 1376-1383
100. Bonduelle M., Ponjaert I., Steirteghem A.V., et al. Developmental outcome at 2 years of age for children born after ICSI compared with children born after IVF. Hum Reprod 18 2 (2003) 342-350
101. Place I., and Englert Y. A prospective longitudinal study of the physical, psychomotor, and intellectual development of singleton children up to 5 years who were conceived by intracytoplasmic sperm injection compared with children conceived spontaneously and by in vitro fertilization. Fertil Steril 80 6 (2003) 1388-1397
102. Ponjaert-Kristoffersen I., Bonduelle M., Barnes J., et al. International collaborative study of intracytoplasmic sperm injection-conceived, in vitro fertilization-conceived, and naturally conceived 5-year-old child outcomes: cognitive and motor assessments. Pediatrics 115 3 (2005) e283-e289
103. Leunens L., Celestin-Westreich S., Bonduelle M., et al. Follow-up of cognitive and motor development of 10-year-old singleton children born after ICSI compared with spontaneously conceived children. Hum Reprod 23 1 (2008) 105-111
104. Amor D.J., and Halliday J. A review of known imprinting syndromes and their association with assisted reproduction technologies. Hum Reprod 23 12 (2008) 2826-2834
105. Knoll J.H., Nicholls R.D., Magenis R.E., et al. Angelman and Prader-Willi syndromes share a common chromosome 15 deletion but differ in parental origin of the deletion. Am J Med Genet 32 2 (1989) 285-290
106. Cox G.F., Burger J., Lip V., et al. Intracytoplasmic sperm injection may increase the risk of imprinting defects. Am J Hum Genet 71 1 (2002) 162-164
107. DeBaun M.R., Niemitz E.L., and Feinberg A.P. Association of in vitro fertilization with Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome and epigenetic alterations of LIT1 and H19. Am J Hum Genet 72 1 (2003) 156-160
108. DeBaun M.R., Niemitz E.L., McNeil D.E., et al. Epigenetic alterations of H19 and LIT1 distinguish patients with Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome with cancer and birth defects. Am J Hum Genet 70 3 (2002) 604-611
109. Doherty A.S., Mann M.R., Tremblay K.D., et al. Differential effects of culture on imprinted H19 expression in the preimplantation mouse embryo. Biol Reprod 62 6 (2000) 1526-1535
110. Khosla S., Dean W., Brown D., et al. Culture of preimplantation mouse embryos affects fetal development and the expression of imprinted genes. Biol Reprod 64 3 (2001) 918-926
111. Ecker D.J., Stein P., Xu Z., et al. Long-term effects of culture of preimplantation mouse embryos on behavior. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 101 6 (2004) 1595-1600
112. Fernandez-Gonzalez R., Moreira P., Bilbao A., et al. Long-term effect of in vitro culture of mouse embryos with serum on mRNA expression of imprinting genes, development, and behavior. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 101 16 (2004) 5880-5885
113. Ward J.A., Robinson J., Furr B.J., et al. Protection of spermatogenesis in rats from the cytotoxic procarbazine by the depot formulation of Zoladex, a gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist. Cancer Res 50 3 (1990) 568-574
114. Johnson D.H., Linde R., Hainsworth J.D., et al. Effect of a luteinizing hormone releasing hormone agonist given during combination chemotherapy on posttherapy fertility in male patients with lymphoma: preliminary observations. Blood 65 4 (1985) 832-836
115. Waxman J.H., Ahmed R., Smith D., et al. Failure to preserve fertility in patients with Hodgkin's disease. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 19 2 (1987) 159-162
116. Krause W., and Pfluger K.H. Treatment with the gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist buserelin to protect spermatogenesis against cytotoxic treatment in young men. Andrologia 21 3 (1989) 265-270
117. Kreuser E.D., Hetzel W.D., Hautmann R., et al. Reproductive toxicity with and without LHRHA administration during adjuvant chemotherapy in patients with germ cell tumors. Horm Metab Res 22 9 (1990) 494-498
118. Schmiegelow M.L., Sommer P., Carlsen E., et al. Penile vibratory stimulation and electroejaculation before anticancer therapy in two pubertal boys. J Pediatr Hematol Oncol 20 5 (1998) 429-430
119. Hirsch M., Lunenfeld B., Modan M., et al. Spermarche-the age of onset of sperm emission. J Adolesc Health Care 6 1 (1985) 35-39
120. Badawy A., Elnashar A., El-Ashry M., et al. Gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonists for prevention of chemotherapy-induced ovarian damage: prospective randomized study. Fertil Steril 91 3 (2009) 694-697
121. Husseinzadeh N., Nahhas W.A., Velkley D.E., et al. The preservation of ovarian function in young women undergoing pelvic radiation therapy. Gynecol Oncol 18 3 (1984) 373-379
122. Covens A.L., van der Putten H.W., Fyles A.W., et al. Laparoscopic ovarian transposition. Eur J Gynaecol Oncol 17 3 (1996) 177-182
123. Morice P., Castaigne D., Haie-Meder C., et al. Laparoscopic ovarian transposition for pelvic malignancies: indications and functional outcomes. Fertil Steril 70 5 (1998) 956-960
124. Perrin L.C., Low J., Nicklin J.L., et al. Fertility and ovarian function after conservative surgery for germ cell tumours of the ovary. Aust N Z J Obstet Gynaecol 39 2 (1999) 243-245
125. Zanetta G., Bonazzi C., Cantu M., et al. Survival and reproductive function after treatment of malignant germ cell ovarian tumors. J Clin Oncol 19 4 (2001) 1015-1020
126. Morice P., Camatte S., El Hassan J., et al. Clinical outcomes and fertility after conservative treatment of ovarian borderline tumors. Fertil Steril 75 1 (2001) 92-96
127. Morice P., Wicart-Poque F., Rey A., et al. Results of conservative treatment in epithelial ovarian carcinoma. Cancer 92 9 (2001) 2412-2418
128. Jeruss J.S., and Woodruff T.K. Preservation of fertility in patients with cancer. N Engl J Med 360 9 (2009) 902-911
129. Porcu E., and Venturoli S. Progress with oocyte cryopreservation. Curr Opin Obstet Gynecol 18 3 (2006) 273-279
130. Oktay K., Cil A.P., and Bang H. Efficiency of oocyte cryopreservation: a meta-analysis. Fertil Steril 86 1 (2006) 70-80
131. Oktay K., and Karlikaya G. Ovarian function after transplantation of frozen, banked autologous ovarian tissue. N Engl J Med 342 25 (2000) 1919
132. Donnez J., Dolmans M.M., Demylle D., et al. Live birth after orthotopic transplantation of cryopreserved ovarian tissue. Lancet 364 9443 (2004) 1405-1410
133. Meirow D., Levron J., Eldar-Geva T., et al. Pregnancy after transplantation of cryopreserved ovarian tissue in a patient with ovarian failure after chemotherapy. N Engl J Med 353 3 (2005) 318-321
134. Ovarian tissue and oocyte cryopreservation. Fertil Steril 90 Suppl 5 (2008) S241-S246
135. ACOG Committee Opinion No. 405: Ovarian tissue and oocyte cryopreservation. Obstet Gynecol 111 5 (2008) 1255-1256
136. Dudzinski D.M. Ethical issues in fertility preservation for adolescent cancer survivors: oocyte and ovarian tissue cryopreservation. J Pediatr Adolesc Gynecol 17 2 (2004) 97-102
137. Patrizio P., Butts S., and Caplan A. Ovarian tissue preservation and future fertility: emerging technologies and ethical considerations. J Natl Cancer Inst Monogr 34 (2005) 107-110