Adolescents' internalizing behaviors after extreme violence exposure: A comparison of race and gender for african american and asian american youth

Families in Society

Volumn 90, Issue 2, 2009, Pages 145-152

  Chen, Wan Yi ^a  

^a SYRACUSE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 67649118046     PISSN: 10443894     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1606/1044-3894.3870     Document Type: Article

References (63)

1. Achenbach, T. M. (1991). Manual for Child Behavior Checklist/ 4-18. Burlington, VT: University of Vermont, Dept of Psychiatry.
2. Berry, J. W., Kim, U, Minde, T., & Mok, D. (1987). Comparative studies of acculturative stress. International Migration Review, 21,491-511.
3. Berton, M. W., & Stabb, S. D. (1996). Exposure to violence and post-traumatic stress disorder in urban adolescents. Adolescence, 31,489-498.
4. Boney-McCoy, S., & Finkelhor, D. (1996). Is youth victimization related to trauma symptoms and depression after controlling for prior symptoms and family relationships? A longitudinal, prospective study. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 64,1406-1416.
5. Boyd, R. C, Cooley, M. R., Lambert, S. E, & Ialongo, N. S. (2003). First-grade child risk behaviors for community violence exposure in middle school. Journal of Community Psychology, 31,297-314.
6. Brant, R., Ward, C. L., Dawes, A., & Fisher, A. J. (2005). Epidemiological measurement of children's and adolescents' exposure to community violence: Working with the current state of the science. Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review, 8,327-342.
7. Brennan, R. X, Molnar, B. E., & Earls, F. (2007). Refining the measurement of exposure to violence (ETV) in urban youth. Journal of Community Psychology, 35, 603-618.
8. Buka, S., Stichick, X, & Earls, F. (2001). Youth exposure to violence: Prevalence, risks and consequences. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 71,298-310.
9. Campbell, C., & Schwarz, D. F. (1996). Prevalence and impact of exposure to interpersonal violence among suburban and urban middle school students. Pediatrics, 98,396-402.
10. Cleveland, H. H. (2003). Disadvantaged neighborhoods and adolescent aggression: Behavioral genetic evidence of contextual effects. Journal of Research on Adolescence, 13, 211-238.
11. Cooley, M. R., Turner, S. M., & Beidel, D. C. (1995). Assessing community violence: The children's report of exposure to violence. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 34,201-208.
12. Cooley-Quille, M., Boyd, R. C., Frantz, E., & Walsh, J. (2001). Emotional and behavioral impact of exposure to community violence in inner-city adolescents. Journal of Clinical Child Psychology, 30,199-206.
13. Durant, R. H., Getts, A., Cadenhead, C., Emans, S. J., & Woods, E. R. (1995). Exposure to violence and victimization and depression, hopelessness, and purpose in life among adolescents living in and around public housing. Development and Behavioral Pediatrics, 16, 233-237.
14. Eitle, D., & Turner, R. J. (2002). Exposure to community violence and young adult crime: The effects of witnessing violence, traumatic victimization, and other stressful life events. Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency, 39,214-237.
15. Fitzpatrick, K. M. (1993). Exposure to violence and presence of depression among African-American youth. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 61, 528-531.
16. Fitzpatrick, K. M., & Boldizar, J. P. (1993). The prevalence and consequences of exposure to violence among African-American youth. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 32,424-430.
17. Foster, J. D., Kupermine, G. P., & Price, A. W. (2004). Gender differences in posttraumatic stress and related symptoms among inner-city minority youth exposed to community violence. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 33, 59-69.
18. Gorman-Smith, D., & Tolan, P. H. (2003). Positive adaptation among youth exposed to community violence. In S. S. Luthar (Ed.), Resilience and vulnerability: Adaptation in the context of childhood adversities (pp. 392-413). New York: Cambridge University Press.
19. Gorman-Smith, D., & Tolan, P. (1998). The role of exposure to community violence and developmental problems among inner-city youth. Development and Psychopathology, 10,101-116.
20. Guterman, N. B., Hahm, H. C., & Cameron, M. (2002). Adolescent victimization and subsequent use of mental health counseling services. Journal of Adolescent Health, 30,336-345.
21. Guterman, N. B., Cameron, M., & Staller, K. (2000). Definitional and measurement issues in the study of community violence among children and youths. Journal of Community Psychology, 28, 571-587.
22. Harris, K. M., Deeb-Sossa, N., Perreira, K., & Bollen, K. (2003). What are we measuring? An evaluation of the CES-D across race, ethnicity, and immigrant generation (Paper presented in the 2003 Add Health Users Workshop). Bethesda, MD: National Institutes of Health.
23. Hastings, T., & Kelley, M. L. (1997). Development and validation of the screen for adolescent violence exposure (SAVE). Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 25,511-520.
24. Henry, D. B., Tolan, P. H., & Gorman-Smith, D. (2001). Longitudinal family and peer group effects on violence and nonviolent delinquency. Journal of Clinical Child Psychology, 30,172-186.
25. Hill, H. M., Levermore, M., Twaite, J., and Jones, L. P. (1996). Exposure to community violence and social support as predictors of anxiety and social and emotional behavior among African American children. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 5,399-414.
26. Howard, D. E., Feigelman, S., Li, X., Cross, S., & Rachuba, L. (2002). The relationship among violence victimization, witnessing violence, and youth distress. Journal of Adolescent Health, 31,455-462.
27. Jaycox, L. H., Stein, B. D., Kataoka, S. H., Wong, M., Fink, A., Escudero, P., & Zaragoza, C. (2002). Violence exposure, posttraumatic stress disorder, and depressive symptoms among recent immigrant school children. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 41,1104-1110.
28. Jenkins, E. J., & Bell, C. C. (1994). Violence among inner city high school students and post-traumatic stress disorder. In S. Friedman (Ed.), Anxiety disorders in African Americans (pp. 76-88). New York: Springer.
29. Kiss, S. (1999). Community violence and trauma-related distress among Asian- American youth. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Pepperdine, Culver.
30. Kuther, T. L., & Fisher, C. B. (1998). Victimization by community violence in young adolescents from a suburban city. The Journal of Early Adolescence, 18, 53-76.
31. Lin, K. M., & Cheung, F. (1999). Mental health issues for Asian Americans. Psychiatric Services, 50, 774-780.
32. Margolin, G., & Gordis, E. B. (2000). The effects of family and community violence on children. Annual Review of Psychology, 51,445-479.
33. McCart, M. R., Smith, D. W, Saunders, B. E., Kilpatrick, D. G., Resnick, H., & Ruggiero, K. J. (2007). Do urban adolescents become desensitized to community violence? Data from a national survey. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 77, 434-442.
34. O'Keefe, M. (1997). Adolescents' exposure to community and school violence: Prevalence and behavioral correlates. Journal of Adolescent Health, 20,368-376.
35. Osofsky, J. D. (1995). The effects of exposure to violence on young children. American Psychologist, 50,782-788.
36. Ozer, E. J., & McDonald, K. L. (2006). Exposure to violence and mental health among Chinese American urban adolescents. Journal of Adolescent Health, 39,73-79.
37. Pannell, L. P. (1997). The relationships among children's exposure to community violence, posttraumatic stress disorder, and parental monitoring. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Fuller Theological Seminary.
38. Reese, L. R. E., Vera, E. M., Thompson, K, & Reyes, R. (2001). A qualitative investigation of perceptions of violence risk factors in low-income African American children. Journal of Clinical Child Psychology, 30,161-171.
39. Resnick, M. D, Bearman, P. S., Blum, R. W., Bauman, K. E., Harris, K. M., Jones, J., et al. (1997). Protecting adolescents from harm: Findings from the National Longitudinal Study on Adolescent Health. The Journal of the American Medical Association, 278, 823-832.
40. Reynolds, W. M. (1992). Depression in children and adolescents. In W. M. Reynolds (Ed.), Internalizing disorders in children and adolescents (pp. 149-253). New York: Wiley.
41. Richters, J. E., Martinez, P., & Valla, J. P. (1990). Levonn: A cartoon-based structured interview for assessing young children's distress symptoms. Bethesda, MD: National Institute of Mental Health.
42. Richters, J. E., & Martinez, P. (1993). The NIMH community violence project I: Children as victims of and witnesses to violence. Psychiatry, 56, 7-21.
43. Richters, J. E., & Saltzman, W. (1990). Survey of children's exposure to community violence: Parent report, self-report. Rockville, MD: National Institute of Mental Health.
44. Rosenthal, B. S. (2000). Exposure to community violence in adolescence: Trauma symptoms. Adolescence, 35, 271-284.
45. Salzinger, S., Feldman, R. S., Stockhammer, T, & Hood, J. (2002). An ecological framework for understanding risk for exposure to community violence and the effects of exposure on children and adolescents. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 7,423-451.
46. Scarpa, A. (2001). Community violence exposure in a young adult sample: Lifetime prevalence and socioemotional effects. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 16, 36-53.
47. Schwab-Stone, M. E., Ayers, T. S., Kasprow, W., Voyce, C, Barone, C., Shriver, T., et al. (1995). No safe haven: A study of violence exposure in an urban community. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 34,1343-1352.
48. Schwab-Stone, M., Chen, C, Greenberger, E., Silver, D., Lichtman, J., & Voyce, C. (1999). No safe haven II: The effects of violence exposure on urban youth. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 38(4), 359-367.
49. Self-Brown, S. R., LeBlanc, M., Kelley, M. L, Hanson, R., Laslie, K., & Wingate, A. (2006). Effects of community violence exposure and parental mental health on internalizing problems of urban adolescents. Violence and Victims, 21, 183-195.
50. Sheehan, K., Dicara, J. A., LeBailly, S., & Christoffel, K. K. (1997). Children's exposure to violence in an urban setting. Archives of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, 151, 502-504.
51. Sieving, R. E., Beuhring, T., Resnick, M. D., Bearinger, L. H., Shew, M., Ireland, M., et al. (2001). Development of adolescent self-report measures from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health. Journal of Adolescent Health, 28,73-81.
52. Singer, M. L., Anglin, T. M., Song, L. Y., & Lunghofer, L. (1995). Adolescents' exposure to violence and associated symptoms of psychological trauma. Journal of the American Medical Association, 273,477-482.
53. Smith, J. (2004). Adolescent male's view on the use of mental health counseling services. Adolescence, 39(153), 77-82.
54. Spano, R., Rivera, C., & Bolland, J. (2006). The impact of timing of exposure to violence on violent behavior in a high poverty sample of inner city African American youth. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 35,681-692.
55. Stein, B. D., Zima, B., Elliott, M., Burnam, M. A., Shahinfar, A., Fox, N., et al. (2001). Violence exposure among school-age children in foster care: Relationship to distress symptoms. Journal of the American Academy of Child Adolescent Psychiatry, 40,588-594.
56. Sue S., Sue D. W., & Sue L. (1995) Psychopathology among Asian Americans: A model minority? Culture Diverse Mental Health, 1,39-51
57. Sweatt, L., Harding, C. G., Knight-Lynn, L., Rasheed, S., & Carter, P. (2002). Talking about the silent fear: Adolescents' experiences of violence in an urban high- rise community. Adolescence, 37(145), 109-120.
58. Trickett, P. K., Durán, L., & Horn, J. L. (2003). Community violence as it affects child development: Issues of definition. Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review, 6,223-236.
59. Valois, R. F., McKeown, R. E., Garrison, C. Z., & Vincent, M. L. (1995). Correlates of aggressive and violent behaviors among public high school adolescents. Journal of Adolescent Health, 16,26-34.
60. Vermeiren, R., Schwab-Stone, M., Deboutte, D., Leckman, P. E., & Ruchkin, V. (2003). Violence exposure and substance use in adolescents: Findings from three countries. Pediatrics, 111, 535-540.
61. Weist, M. D., & Acosta, O. M. (2001). Predictors of violence exposure among inner city youth. Journal of Clinical Child Psychology, 30,187-198.
62. White, K. S., Bruce, S. E., Farrell, A. D., & Kliewer, W. (1998). Impact of exposure to community violence on anxiety: A longitudinal study of family social support as a protective factor for urban children. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 7,187-203.
63. Ying Y., Lee, P. A., & Tsai, J. L. (2001). Asian American college students as model minorities: An examination of their overall competence. Culture Diverse Ethnic Minor Psychology, 7,59-74.