Relativistic electron loss timescales in the slot region

Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics

Volumn 114, Issue 3, 2009, Pages

  Meredith, Nigel P ^a   Home, Richard B ^a   Glauert, Sarah A ^a   Baker, Daniel N ^b   Kanekal, Shrikanth G ^b   Albert, Jay M ^c  

^a BRITISH ANTARCTIC SURVEY   (United Kingdom)

^b UNIVERSITY OF COLORADO   (United States)

^c AIR FORCE RESEARCH LABORATORY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 67649112199     PISSN: None     EISSN: 21699402     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1029/2008JA013889     Document Type: Article

References (60)

1. Abel, B., and R. M. Thorne (1998a), Electron scattering loss in Earth's inner magnetosphere: 1. Dominant physical processes, J. Geophys. Res., 103(A2), 2385-2396.
2. Abel, B., and R. M. Thorne (1998b), Electron scattering loss in Earth's inner magnetosphere: 2. Sensitivity to model parameters, J. Geophys. Res., 103(A2), 2397-2407.
3. Albert, J. M. (1994), Quasi-linear pitch angle diffusion coefficients: Retaining high harmonics, J. Geophys. Res., 99(A12), 23,741-23,745.
4. Albert, J. M., and Y. Y. Shprits (2008), Estimates of lifetimes against pitch angle diffusion, J. Atmos. Sol. Terr. Phys., doi:10.1016j/jastp. 2008.07.004.
5. Anderson, R. R., D. A. Gumett, and D. L. Odem (1992), CRRES plasma wave experiment, J. Spacecr. Rockets, 29, 570-573.
6. Baker, D. N. (2001), Satellite anomalies due to space storms, in Space Storms and Space Weather Hazards, edited by I. A. Daglis, p. 251, Springer, New York.
7. Baker, D. N., J. B. Blake, R. W. Klebesadel, and P. R. Higbie (1986), Highly relativistic electrons in the Earth's outer magnetosphere: 1. Lifetimes and temporal history 1979-1984, J. Geophys. Res., 19(A4), 4265-4276.
8. Baker, D. N., et al. (1993), An overview of the Solar, Anomalous, and Magnetospheric Particle Explorer (SAMPEX) mission, IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens., 31, 531-541.
9. Baker, D. N., J. B. Blake, L. B. Callis, J. R. Cummings, D. Hovestadt, S. Kanekal, B. Klecker, R. A. Mewaldt, and R. D. Zwickl (1994), Relativistic electron acceleration and decay timescales in the inner and outer radiation belts: SAMPEX, Geophys. Res. Lett., 21(6), 409-412.
10. Baker, D. N., et al. (1997), Recurrent geomagnetic storms and relativistic electron enhancements in the outer magnetosphere: ISTP coordinated measurements, J. Geophys. Res., 102(A7), 14,141-14,148.
11. Baker, D. N., S. G. Kanekal, X. Li, S. P. Monk, J. Goldstein, and J. L. Burch (2004), An extreme distortion of the Van Allen belt arising from the Halloween solar storm in 2003, Nature, 432, 878-881, doi:10.1038/ nature03116.
12. Baker, D. N., S. G. Kanekal, R. B. Home, N. P. Meredith, and S. A. Glauert (2007), Low-altitude measurements of 2-6 MeV electron trapping lifetimes at L < L < 2.5, Geophys. Res. Lett., 34, L20110, doi:10.1029/ 2007GL031007.
13. Bortnik, J., R. M. Thome, and N. P. Meredith (2008), The unexpected origin of plasmaspheric hiss from discrete chorus emissions, Nature, 452, 62-66, doi:10.1038/nature06741.
14. Chan, K.-W., and R. E. Holzer (1976), ELF hiss associated with plasma density enhancements in the outer magnetosphere, J. Geophys. Res., 81(13), 2267-2274.
15. Callis, L. B., M. Natarajan, J. D. Lambeth, and D. N. Baker (1998), Solar atmospheric coupling by electrons (SOLACE): 2. Calculated stratospheric effects of precipitating electrons, 1979-1988, J. Geophys. Res., 103(D21), 28,421-28,438.
16. Cornilleau-Wehrlin, N., R. Gendrin, F. Lefeuvre, M. Parrot, R. Grard, D. Jones, A. Bahnsen, E. Ungstrup, and W. Gibbons (1978), VLF electromagnetic waves observed onboard GEOS-1, Space Sci. Rev., 22, 371-382.
17. Dunckel, N., and R. A. Helliwell (1969), Whistler-mode emissions on the OGO 1 satellite, J. Geophys. Res., 74(26), 6371-6385.
18. Glauert, S. A., and R. B. Home (2005), Calculation of pitch angle and energy diffusion coefficients with the PADIE code, J. Geophys. Res., 110, A04206, doi:10.1029/2004JA010851.
19. Gurnett, D. A. (1976), Plasma wave interactions with energetic ions near the magnetic equator, J. Geophys. Res., 81(16), 2765-2770.
20. Home, R. B. (1989), Path-integrated growth of electrostatic waves: The generation of terrestrial myriametric radiation, J. Geophys. Res., 94(A7), 8895-8909.
21. Home, R. B., G. V. Wheeler, and H. C. K. St.Alleyne (2000), Proton and electron heating by radially propagating fast magnetosonic waves, Z Geophys. Res., 105(A12), 27,597-27,610.
22. Home, R. B., N. P. Meredith, R. M. Thome, D. Heynderickx, R. H. A. Iles, and R. R. Anderson (2003), Evolution of energetic electron pitch angle distributions during storm time electron acceleration to megaelectronvolt energies, J. Geophys. Res., 108(A1), 1016, doi:10.1029/2001JA009165.
23. Home, R. B., et al. (2005), Wave acceleration of electrons in the Van Allen radiation belts, Nature, 437, 227-230, doi:10.1038/nature03939.
24. Home, R. B., N. P. Meredith, S. A. Glauert, A. Varotsou, D. Boscher, R. M. Thome, Y. Y. Shprits, and R. R. Anderson (2006), Mechanisms for the acceleration of radiation belt electrons, in Co-Rotating Solar Wind Streams and Recurrent Geomagnetic Activity, Geophys. Monogr. Ser., vol. 167, edited by B. T. Tsurutani et al., pp. 151-173, AGU, Washington, D. C.
25. Home, R. B., R. M. Thome, S. A. Glauert, N. P. Meredith, D. Pokhotelov, and O. Santolik (2007), Electron acceleration in the Van Allen radiation belts by fast magnetosonic waves, Geophys. Res. Lett., 34, L17107, doi:10.1029/2007GL030267.
26. Johnson, M. H., and J. Kierein (1992), Combined Release and Radiation Effects Satellite (CRRES), spacecraft and mission, J. Spacecr. Rockets, 29, 556-563.
27. Kozyra, J. U., et al. (2006), Response of the upper/middle atmosphere to coronal holes and powerful high-speed solar wind stream in 2003, in Co-Rotating Solar Wind Streams and Recurrent Geomagnetic Activity, Geophys. Monogr. Ser., vol. 167, edited by B. T. Tsurutani et al., pp. 319-340, AGU, Washington, D. C.
28. Lam, M. M., R. B. Home, N. P. Meredith, and S. A. Glauert (2007), Modeling the effects of radial diffusion and plasmaspheric hiss on outer radiation belt electrons, Geophys. Res. Lett., 34, L20112, doi:10.1029/ 2007GL031598.
29. Lastovicka, J. (1996), Effects of geomagnetic storms in the lower ionosphere, middle atmosphere, and troposphere, J. Atmos. Terr. Phys., 58, 831-843.
30. Li, X., D. N. Baker, M. Temerin, T. E. Cayton, G. D. Reeves, R. A. Christensen, J. B. Blake, M. D. Looper, R. Nakamura, and S. G. Kanekal (1997), Multi-satellite observations of the outer zone electron variation during the November 3-4, 1993, magnetic storm, J. Geophys. Res., 102(A7), 14,123-14,140.
31. Loto'aniu, T. M., I. R. Mann, L. G. Ozeke, A. A. Chan, Z. C. Dent, and D. K. Milling (2006), Radial diffusion of relativistic electrons into the radiation belt slot region during the 2003 Halloween geomagnetic storms, J. Geophys. Res., 111, A04218, doi:10.1029/2005JA011355.
32. Lyons, L. R., and R. M. Thome (1973), Equilibrium structure of radiation belt electrons, J. Geophys. Res., 78(13), 2142-2149.
33. Lyons, L. R., R. M. Thome, and C. F. Kennel (1972), Pitch angle diffusion of radiation belt electrons within the plasmasphere, J. Geophys. Res., 77(19), 3455-3474.
34. Meredith, N. P., R. B. Home, R. M. Thome, D. Summers, and R. R. Anderson (2004), Substorm dependence of plasmaspheric hiss, J. Geophys. Res., 109, A06209, doi:10.1029/2004JA010387.
35. Meredith, N. P., R. B. Home, S. A. Glauert, R. M. Thome, D. Summers, J. M. Albert, and R. R. Anderson (2006a), Energetic outer zone electron loss timescales during low geomagnetic activity, J. Geophys. Res., 111, A05212, doi:10.1029/2005JA011516.
36. Meredith, N. P., R. B. Home, M. A. Clilverd, D. Horsfall, R. M. Thome, and R. R. Anderson (2006b), Origins of plasmaspheric hiss, J. Geophys. Res., 111, A09217, doi:10.1029/2006JA011707.
37. Meredith, N. P., R. B. Home, S. A. Glauert, and R. R. Anderson (2007), Slot region electron loss timescales due to plasmaspheric hiss and lightning generated whistlers, J. Geophys. Res., 112, A08214, doi:10.1029/ 2006JA012413.
38. Meredith, N. P., R. B. Home, and R. R. Anderson (2008), Survey of magnetosonic waves and proton ring distributions in the Earth's inner magnetosphere, J. Geophys. Res., 113, A06213, doi:10.1029/2007JA012975.
39. Miyoshi, Y., and R. Kataoka (2005), Ring current ions and radiation belt electrons during geomagnetic storms driven by coronal mass ejections and corotating interaction regions, Geophys. Res. Lett., 32, L21105, doi:10.1029/2005GL024590.
40. Němec, F., O. Santolík, K. Gereová, E. Macúšová, Y. de Conchy, and N. Cornilleau-Wehrlin (2005), Initial results of a survey of equatorial noise emissions observed by the Cluster spacecraft, Planet. Space Sci., 53, 291-298.
41. Parrot, M., and F. Lefeuvre (1986), Statistical study of the propagation characteristics of ELF hiss observed on GEOS 1, inside and outside the plasmasphere, Ann. Geophys., 4, 363-384.
42. Paulikas, G. A., and J. B. Blake (1979), Effects of the solar wind on magnetospheric dynamics: Energetic electrons at synchronous orbit, in Quantitative Modeling of Magnetospheric Processes, Geophys. Monogr. Ser., vol. 21, edited by W. P. Olsen, p. 180, AGU, Washington, D. C.
43. Reeves, G. D., R. H. W. Friedel, R. D. Belian, M. M. Meier, M. G. Henderson, T. Onsager, H. J. Singer, D. N. Baker, X. Li, and J. B. Blake (1998), The relativistic electron response at geosynchronous orbit during the January 1997 magnetic storm, J. Geophys. Res., 103(A8), 17,559-17,570.
44. Russell, C. T., R. E. Holzer, and E. J. Smith (1969), OGO 3 observations of ELF noise in the magnetosphere: 1. Spatial extent and frequency of occurrence, J. Geophys. Res., 74(3), 755-777.
45. Santolik, O., F. Němec, K. Gereová, E. Macúš ová, Y. de Conchy, and N. Cornilleau-Wehrlin (2004), Systematic analysis of equatorial noise below the lower hybrid frequency, Ann. Geophys., 22(7), 2587-2595.
46. Shprits, Y. Y., R. M. Thome, R. B. Home, S. A. Glauert, M. Cartwright, C. T. Russell, D. N. Baker, and S. G. Kanekal (2006a), Acceleration mechanism responsible for the formation of the new radiation belt during the 2003 Halloween solar storm, Geophys. Res. Lett., 33, L05104, doi:10.1029/2005GL024256.
47. Shprits, Y. Y., W. Li, and R. M. Thome (2006b), Controlling effect of pitch angle scattering rates near the edge of the loss cone on electron lifetimes, Z Geophys. Res., 111, A12206, doi:10.1029/2006JA011758.
48. Smith, E. J., A. M. A. Frandsen, B. T. Tsurutani, R. M. Thome, and K. W. Chan (1974), Plasmaspheric hiss intensity variations during magnetic storms, J. Geophys. Res., 79(16), 2507-2510. Summers, D., B. Ni, and N. P. Meredith (2007), Timescales for radiation belt electron acceleration and loss due to resonant wave-particle interactions: 2. Evaluation for VLF chorus, ELF hiss, and electromagnetic ion cyclotron waves, J. Geophys. Res., 112, A04207, doi:10.1029/ 2006JA011993.
49. Summers, D., B. Ni, N. P. Meredith, R. B. Home, R. M. Thome, M. B. Moldwin, and R. R. Anderson (2008), Electron scattering by whistlermode ELF hiss in plasmaspheric plumes, J. Geophys. Res., 113, A04219, doi:10.1029/2007JA012678.
50. Thorne, R. M. (1977), Energetic radiation belt electron precipitation: A natural depletion mechanism for stratospheric ozone, Science, 21, 287-289.
51. Thome, R. M., and R. B. Home (1994), Landau damping of magnetospherically reflected whistlers, J. Geophys. Res., 99(A9), 17,249-17,258.
52. Thome, R. M., and R. B. Home (1996), Whistler absorption and electron heating near the plasmapause, J. Geophys. Res., 101(A3), 4917-4928.
53. Thome, R. M., E. J. Smith, R. K. Burton, and R. E. Holzer (1973), Plasmaspheric hiss, J. Geophys. Res., 78(10), 1581-1596.
54. Thome, R. M., E. J. Smith, K. J. Fiske, and S. R. Church (1974), Intensity variation of ELF hiss and chorus driving isolated substorms, Geophys. Res. Lett., 1(5), 193-196.
55. Thome, R. M., S. R. Church, W. J. Malloy, and B. T. Tsurutani (1977), The local time variation of ELF emissions during periods of substorm activity, Z Geophys. Res., 82(10), 1585-1590.
56. Thorne, R. M., R. B. Home, S. A. Glauert, N. P. Meredith, Y. Y. Shprits, D. Summers, and R. R. Anderson (2005), The influence of wave-particle interactions on relativistic electrons during storms, in Inner Magnetosphere Interactions: New Perspectives From Imaging, Geophys. Monogr. Ser., vol. 159, edited by J. Burch, M. Schulz, and H. Spence, pp. 101112, AGU, Washington, D. C.
57. Van Allen, J. A. (1959), The geomagnetically trapped corpuscular radiation, J. Geophys. Res., 64(11), 1683-1689.
58. Van Allen, J. A., and L. A. Frank (1959), Radiation around the Earth to a radial distance of 107,400 km, Nature, 183, 430-434.
59. Wrenn, G. L. (1995), Conclusive evidence for internal dielectric charging anomalies on geosynchronous communications spacecraft, J. Spacecr. Rockets, 32, 514.
60. Wrenn, G. L., D. J. Rodgers, and K. A. Ryden (2002), A solar cycle of spacecraft anomalies due to internal charging, Ann. Geophys., 20, 953-956.