Molecular evidence for persistence of Anaplasma phagocytophilum in the absence of clinical abnormalities in horses after recovery from acute experimental infection

Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine

Volumn 23, Issue 3, 2009, Pages 636-642

  Franzen P ^a   Aspan, A ^b   Egenvall, A ^a   Gunnarsson, A ^b   Karlstam, E ^b   Pringle, J ^a  

^a SWEDISH UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES   (Sweden)

^b NATIONAL VETERINARY INSTITUTE   (Sweden)

Author keywords

Clinically silent; Equine anaplasmosis; Polymerase chain reaction

Indexed keywords

BACTERIAL DNA;

ANAPLASMA PHAGOCYTOPHILUM; ANAPLASMOSIS; ANIMAL; ARTICLE; CHRONIC DISEASE; DIAGNOSTIC PROCEDURE; HORSE; HORSE DISEASE; ISOLATION AND PURIFICATION; MICROBIOLOGY;

ANAPLASMA PHAGOCYTOPHILUM; ANAPLASMOSIS; ANIMALS; CHRONIC DISEASE; DNA, BACTERIAL; HORSE DISEASES; HORSES; MOLECULAR DIAGNOSTIC TECHNIQUES;

ANAPLASMA; ANAPLASMA PHAGOCYTOPHILUM; ANIMALIA; CANIS FAMILIARIS; EQUIDAE; MAMMALIA; OVIS ARIES;

EID: 67449093604     PISSN: 08916640     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1939-1676.2009.0317.x     Document Type: Article

References (28)

1. Franzén P, Aspan A, Egenvall A, et al. Acute clinical, hematologic, serologic, and polymerase chain reaction findings in horses experimentally infected with a European strain of Anaplasma phagocytophilum. J Vet Intern Med 2005;19:232-239.
2. Madigan JE, Pusterla N. Ehrlichial diseases. Vet Clin North Am 2000;16:487-499.
3. Egenvall A, Lilliehöök I, Bjöersdorrf A, et al. Detection of granulocytic Ehrlichia species DNA by PCR in persistently infected dogs. Vet Rec 2000;146:186-190.
4. Larsson L-G, Aspan A, Bergström K. Persistens av Anaplasma phagocytophilum hos naturligt infekterade svenska nötkreatur. Svensk Veterinärtidning 2006;58:13-19.
5. Stuen S, Bergström K, Palmér E. Reduced weight gain due to Anaplasma phagocytophilum(formerly Ehrlichia phagocytophila) infection. Exp Appl Acarol 2002;28:209-215.
6. Stuen S. Anaplasma phagocytophilum-the most widespread tick-borne infection in animals in Europe. Vet Res Commun 2007; 31(Suppl 1):79-84.
7. Pusterla N, Lutz H, Braun U. Experimental infection of four horses with Ehrlichia phagocytophila. Vet Rec 1998;143:303-305.
8. Pusterla N, Anderson RJ, House JK, et al. Susceptibility of cattle to infection with Ehrlichia equi and the agent of human granulocytic ehrlichiosis. J AmVet Med Assoc 2001;218:1160-1162.
9. Stuen S, Artursson K, Olsson Engvall E. Experimental infection in lambs with an equine granulocytic Ehrlichia species resembling the agent of that causes human granulocytic ehrlichiosis (HGE). Acta Vet Scand 1998;39:491-497.
10. Johansson KE, Pettersson P, Uhlen M, et al. Identification of the causative agent of granulocytic ehrlichiosis in Swedish dogs and horses by direct solid phase sequencing of PCR products from the 16S rRNA gene. Res Vet Sci 1995;58:1109-1112.
11. Bakken JS, Dumler JS. Human granulocytic ehrlichiosis. Clin Infect Dis 2000;31:554-560.
12. Chang YF, Novosel V, Dubovi E, et al. Experimental infection of the human granulocytic ehrlichiosis agent in horses. Vet Parasitol 1998;78:137-145.
13. Franzén P, Artursson K, Gunnarsson A, et al. Experimentally induced granulocytic ehrlichiosis with a Swedish Ehrlichia sp. isolate. VIII International Conference on Equine Infectious Diseases, Dubai, 1998, 542-543.
14. Artursson K, Gunnarsson A, Wikström U-B, Olsson Engvall E. A serological and clinical follow-up in horses with confirmed equine granulocytic ehrlichiosis. Equine Vet J 1999;31:473-477.
15. Egenvall A, Franzen P, Gunnarsson A, et al. Cross-sectional study of the seroprevalence to Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato and granulocytic Ehrlichia spp. and demographic, clinical and tickexposure factors in Swedish horses. Prev Vet Med 2001;49:191-208.
16. Engvall EO, Pettersson B, Persson M, et al. A 16S rRNA-based PCR assay for detection and identification of granulocytic Ehrlichia species in dogs, horses and cattle. J Clin Microbiol 1996; 34:2170-2174.
17. Goodman JL, Nelson C, Vitale B, et al. Direct cultivation of the causative agent of human granulocytic ehrlichiosis. N Engl J Med 1996;334:209-215.
18. Madigan JE, Hietala S, Chalmers S, DeRock E. Seroepidemiologic survey of antibodies to Ehrlichia equi in horses of northern California. J Am Vet Med Assoc 1990;196:1962-1964.
19. Raidal SL, Bailey GD, Love DN. Effect of transportation on lower respiratory tract contamination and peripheral blood neutrophil function. Aust Vet J 1997;75:433-438.
20. Filion LG, Willson PJ, Bielefeldt-Ohmann H, et al. The possible role of stress in the induction of pneumonic pasteurellosis. Can J Comp Med 1984;48:268-274.
21. Bjöersdorrf A, Myrin Carlsson I. Borrelios och ehrlichios hos häst-modediagnos eller reellt problem? Svensk Veterinärtidning 1998;50:197-201.
22. Lepidi H, Bunnell JE, Martin ME, et al. Comparative pathology and immunohistology associated with clinical illness after Ehrlichia phagocytophila-group infections. J Trop Med Hyg 2000;62:29-37.
23. Hulínská D, Langrová K, Pejcoch M, Pavlásek I. Detection of Anaplasma phagocytophilum in animals by real-time polymerase chain reaction. APMIS 2004;112:239-247.
24. Stuen S, Casey AN, Woldhiwet Z, et al. Detection by the polymerase chain reaction of Anaplasma phagocytophilum in tissues of persistently infected sheep. J Comp Pathol 2006;134: 101-104.
25. Linde A, Ross CR, Davie EG, et al. Innate immunity and host defense peptides in veterinary medicine. J Vet Intern Med 2008;22:247-265.
26. Singh Suri S, Janardhan KS, Parbhakar O, et al. Expression of toll-like receptor 4 and 2 in horse lungs. Vet Res 2006;37:541-551.
27. Madigan JE. Equine ehrlichiosis. Vet Clin North Am 1993; 9:423-429.
28. Pusterla N, Leuteneger CM, Chae JS, et al. Quantative evaluation of ehrlichial burden in horses after experimental transmission of human granulocytic Ehrlichia agent by intravenous inoculation with infected leukocytes and by infected ticks. J Clin Microbiol 1999;37:4042-4044.