Current scales for assessing human scarring: A review

Journal of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery

Volumn 62, Issue 6, 2009, Pages 713-720

  Durani, Piyush ^a   McGrouther, D A ^a   Ferguson, M W J ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF MANCHESTER   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Outcome measures; Psychometric; Reliable; Scar assessment; ; Valid

Indexed keywords

BURN SCAR; CLINICAL ASSESSMENT; CONSTRUCT VALIDITY; CONTENT VALIDITY; CRITERION RELATED VALIDITY; DISCRIMINANT VALIDITY; FEASIBILITY STUDY; HUMAN; HYPERTROPHIC SCAR; INTERNAL CONSISTENCY; INTERRATER RELIABILITY; INTRARATER RELIABILITY; LINEAR SCAR; MANCHESTER SCAR SCALE; OUTCOME ASSESSMENT; PATIENT AND OBSERVER SCAR ASSESSMENT SCALE; PHOTOGRAPHY; PLASTIC SURGERY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PSYCHOMETRY; RATING SCALE; REVIEW; SCAR; SCAR FORMATION; VANCOUVER SCAR SCALE; WOUND EVALUATION SCALE;

BURNS; CICATRIX; HUMANS; PSYCHOMETRICS; REPRODUCIBILITY OF RESULTS; SEVERITY OF ILLNESS INDEX;

EID: 67349226812     PISSN: 17486815     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.bjps.2009.01.080     Document Type: Review

References (68)

1. Ferguson M.W., Whitby D.J., Shah M., et al. Scar formation: the spectral nature of fetal and adult wound repair. Plast Reconstr Surg 97 (1996) 854-860
2. Mustoe T.A., Cooter R.D., Gold M.H., et al. International clinical recommendations on scar management. Plast Reconstr Surg 110 (2002) 560-571
3. Bayat A., McGrouther D.A., and Ferguson M.W. Skin scarring. BMJ 326 (2003) 88-92
4. Andrade W.N., and Semple J.L. Patient self-assessment of the cosmetic results of breast reconstruction. Plast Reconstr Surg 117 (2006) 44-47
5. Palmieri T.L., Petuskey K., Bagley A., et al. Alterations in functional movement after axillary burn scar contracture: a motion analysis study. J Burn Care Rehabil 24 (2003) 104-108
6. Woo S.H., and Seul J.H. Optimizing the correction of severe postburn hand deformities by using aggressive contracture releases and fasciocutaneous free-tissue transfers. Plast Reconstr Surg 107 (2001) 1-8
7. Robson M.C., Barnett R.A., Leitch I.O., et al. Prevention and treatment of postburn scars and contracture. World J Surg 16 (1992) 87-96
8. Lawrence J.W., Fauerbach J.A., Heinberg L., et al. Visible vs hidden scars and their relation to body esteem. J Burn Care Rehabil 25 (2004) 25-32
9. Abdullah A., Blakeney P., Hunt R., et al. Visible scars and self-esteem in pediatric patients with burns. J Burn Care Rehabil 15 (1994) 164-168
10. Layton A.M. Optimal management of acne to prevent scarring and psychological sequelae. Am J Clin Dermatol 2 (2001) 135-141
11. Tebble N.J., Adams R., Thomas D.W., et al. Anxiety and self-consciousness in patients with facial lacerations one week and six months later. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg 44 (2006) 520-525
12. Durani P., and Bayat A. Levels of evidence for the treatment of keloid disease. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg 61 (2008) 4-17
13. O'Brien L., and Pandit A. Silicon gel sheeting for preventing and treating hypertrophic and keloid scars. Cochrane Database Syst Rev (2006) CD003826
14. Draaijers L.J., Tempelman F.R., Botman Y.A., et al. Colour evaluation in scars: tristimulus colorimeter, narrow-band simple reflectance meter or subjective evaluation?. Burns 30 (2004) 103-107
15. Li-Tsang C.W., Lau J.C., and Liu S.K. Validation of an objective scar pigmentation measurement by using a spectrocolorimeter. Burns 29 (2003) 779-784
16. Oliveira G.V., Chinkes D., Mitchell C., et al. Objective assessment of burn scar vascularity, erythema, pliability, thickness, and planimetry. Dermatol Surg 31 (2005) 48-58
17. Fong S.S., Hung L.K., and Cheng J.C. The cutometer and ultrasonography in the assessment of postburn hypertrophic scar - a preliminary study. Burns 23 (1997) S12-S18
18. Hambleton J., Shakespeare P.G., and Pratt B.J. The progress of hypertrophic scars monitored by ultrasound measurements of thickness. Burns 18 (1992) 301-307
19. Lau J.C., Li-Tsang C.W., and Zheng Y.P. Application of tissue ultrasound palpation system (TUPS) in objective scar evaluation. Burns 31 (2005) 445-452
20. Niessen F.B., Spauwen P.H., Robinson P.H., et al. The use of silicone occlusive sheeting (Sil-K) and silicone occlusive gel (epiderm) in the prevention of hypertrophic scar formation. Plast Reconstr Surg 102 (1998) 1962-1972
21. Falanga V., and Bucalo B. Use of a durometer to assess skin hardness. J Am Acad Dermatol 29 (1993) 47-51
22. Matsuzaki K., Kumagai N., Fukushi S., et al. Cultured epithelial autografting on meshed skin graft scars: evaluation of skin elasticity. J Burn Care Rehabil 16 (1995) 496-502
23. van Zuijlen P.P., Vloemans J.F., van Trier A.J., et al. Dermal substitution in acute burns and reconstructive surgery: a subjective and objective long-term follow-up. Plast Reconstr Surg 108 (2001) 1938-1946
24. Assessing health status and quality-of-life instruments: attributes and review criteria. Qual Life Res 11 (2002) 193-205
25. Streiner D.L., and Norman G.R. Health measurement scales: a practical guide to their development and use. 3rd ed. (2003), Oxford University Press, Oxford
26. Fleiss J.L. Statistical methods for rates and proportions (1981), Wiley, New York
27. Landis J.R., and Koch G.G. The measurement of observer agreement for categorical data. Biometrics 33 (1977) 159-174
28. Powers P.S., Sarkar S., Goldgof D.B., et al. Scar assessment: current problems and future solutions. J Burn Care Rehabil 20 (1999) 54-60
29. Cano S.J., Browne J.P., Lamping D.L., et al. The patient outcomes of surgery-hand/arm (POS-Hand/Arm): a new patient-based outcome measure. J Hand Surg [Br] 29 (2004) 477-485
30. Lamping D.L., Schroter S., Marquis P., et al. The community-acquired pneumonia symptom questionnaire: a new, patient-based outcome measure to evaluate symptoms in patients with community-acquired pneumonia. Chest 122 (2002) 920-929
31. Lamping D.L., Schroter S., Kurz X., et al. Evaluation of outcomes in chronic venous disorders of the leg: development of a scientifically rigorous, patient-reported measure of symptoms and quality of life. J Vasc Surg 37 (2003) 410-419
32. Sullivan T., Smith J., Kermode J., et al. Rating the burn scar. J Burn Care Rehabil 11 (1990) 256-260
33. Nedelec B., Shankowsky H.A., and Tredget E.E. Rating the resolving hypertrophic scar: comparison of the Vancouver Scar Scale and scar volume. J Burn Care Rehabil 21 (2000) 205-212
34. Truong P.T., Abnousi F., Yong C.M., et al. Standardized assessment of breast cancer surgical scars integrating the Vancouver Scar Scale, Short-Form McGill Pain Questionnaire, and patients' perspectives. Plast Reconstr Surg 116 (2005) 1291-1299
35. van Zuijlen P.P., Angeles A.P., Kreis R.W., et al. Scar assessment tools: implications for current research. Plast Reconstr Surg 109 (2002) 1108-1122
36. Baryza M.J., and Baryza G.A. The Vancouver Scar Scale: an administration tool and its interrater reliability. J Burn Care Rehabil 16 (1995) 535-538
37. Chou T.D., Chen S.L., Lee T.W., et al. Reconstruction of burn scar of the upper extremities with artificial skin. Plast Reconstr Surg 108 (2001) 378-384
38. Innes M.E., Umraw N., Fish J.S., et al. The use of silver coated dressings on donor site wounds: a prospective, controlled matched pair study. Burns 27 (2001) 621-627
39. Musgrave M.A., Umraw N., Fish J.S., et al. The effect of silicone gel sheets on perfusion of hypertrophic burn scars. J Burn Care Rehabil 23 (2002) 208-214
40. Palao R., Gomez P., and Huguet P. Burned breast reconstructive surgery with Integra dermal regeneration template. Br J Plast Surg 56 (2003) 252-259
41. Schwanholt C.A., Ridgway C.L., Greenhalgh D.G., et al. A prospective study of burn scar maturation in pediatrics: does age matter?. J Burn Care Rehabil 15 (1994) 416-420
42. Vloemans A.F., Soesman A.M., Kreis R.W., et al. A newly developed hydrofibre dressing, in the treatment of partial-thickness burns. Burns 27 (2001) 167-173
43. Conologue T.D., and Norwood C. Treatment of surgical scars with the cryogen-cooled 595 nm pulsed dye laser starting on the day of suture removal. Dermatol Surg 32 (2006) 13-20
44. Nouri K., Jimenez G.P., Harrison-Balestra C., et al. 585-nm pulsed dye laser in the treatment of surgical scars starting on the suture removal day. Dermatol Surg 29 (2003) 65-73
45. Draaijers L.J., Tempelman F.R., Botman Y.A., et al. The patient and observer scar assessment scale: a reliable and feasible tool for scar evaluation. Plast Reconstr Surg 113 (2004) 1960-1965
46. Feng X., Tan J., Pan Y., et al. Control of hypertrophic scar from inception by using xenogenic (porcine) acellular dermal matrix (ADM) to cover deep second degree burn. Burns 32 (2006) 293-298
47. Lang E.M., Eiberg C.A., Brandis M., et al. Biobrane in the treatment of burn and scald injuries in children. Ann Plast Surg 55 (2005) 485-489
48. Patino O., Novick C., Merlo A., et al. Massage in hypertrophic scars. J Burn Care Rehabil 20 (1999) 268-271
49. Rab M., Koller R., Ruzicka M., et al. Should dermal scald burns in children be covered with autologous skin grafts or with allogeneic cultivated keratinocytes? - "The Viennese concept". Burns 31 (2005) 578-586
50. Martin D., Umraw N., Gomez M., et al. Changes in subjective vs objective burn scar assessment over time: does the patient agree with what we think?. J Burn Care Rehabil 24 (2003) 239-244
51. Hollander J.E., Singer A.J., Valentine S., et al. Wound registry: development and validation. Ann Emerg Med 25 (1995) 675-685
52. Hollander J.E., Blasko B., Singer A.J., et al. Poor correlation of short- and long-term cosmetic appearance of repaired lacerations. Acad Emerg Med 2 (1995) 983-987
53. Beausang E., Floyd H., Dunn K.W., et al. A new quantitative scale for clinical scar assessment. Plast Reconstr Surg 102 (1998) 1954-1961
54. van de Kar A.L., Corion L.U., Smeulders M.J., et al. Reliable and feasible evaluation of linear scars by the Patient and Observer Scar Assessment Scale. Plast Reconstr Surg 116 (2005) 514-522
55. Crowe J.M., Simpson K., Johnson W., et al. Reliability of photographic analysis in determining change in scar appearance. J Burn Care Rehabil 19 (1998) 183-186
56. Smith G.M., Tompkins D.M., Bigelow M.E., et al. Burn-induced cosmetic disfigurement: can it be measured reliably?. J Burn Care Rehabil 9 (1988) 371-375
57. Yeong E.K., Mann R., Engrav L.H., et al. Improved burn scar assessment with use of a new scar-rating scale. J Burn Care Rehabil 18 (1997) 353-355
58. Quinn J.V., Drzewiecki A.E., Stiell I.G., et al. Appearance scales to measure cosmetic outcomes of healed lacerations. Am J Emerg Med 13 (1995) 229-231
59. Duncan J.A., Bond J.S., Mason T., et al. Visual analogue scale scoring and ranking: a suitable and sensitive method for assessing scar quality?. Plast Reconstr Surg 118 (2006) 909-918
60. Masters M., McMahon M., and Svens B. Reliability testing of a new scar assessment tool, Matching Assessment of Scars and Photographs (MAPS). J Burn Care Rehabil 26 (2005) 273-284
61. Singer A.J., Church A.L., Forrestal K., et al. Comparison of patient satisfaction and practitioner satisfaction with wound appearance after traumatic wound repair. Acad Emerg Med 4 (1997) 133-137
62. Baker R.A., Jones S., Sanders C., et al. Degree of burn, location of burn, and length of hospital stay as predictors of psychosocial status and physical functioning. J Burn Care Rehabil 17 (1996) 327-333
63. Crossland D.S., Jackson S.P., Lyall R., et al. Patient attitudes to sternotomy and thoracotomy scars. Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 53 (2005) 93-95
64. Karlen L.K., Yinusa W., Yan L.S., et al. Analysis of scar formation after lower limb lengthening: influence on cosmesis and patient satisfaction. J Pediatr Orthop 24 (2004) 706-710
65. Singer A.J., Mach C., Thode Jr. H.C., et al. Patient priorities with traumatic lacerations. Am J Emerg Med 18 (2000) 683-686
66. Kearney C.R., Holme S.A., Burden A.D., et al. Long-term patient satisfaction with cosmetic outcome of minor cutaneous surgery. Australas J Dermatol 42 (2001) 102-105
67. Newton-Bishop J.A., Nolan C., Turner F., et al. A quality-of-life study in high-risk (thickness >= or 2 mm) cutaneous melanoma patients in a randomized trial of 1-cm versus 3-cm surgical excision margins. J Investig Dermatol Symp Proc 9 (2004) 152-159
68. Mow C.S., Woolson S.T., Ngarmukos S.G., et al. Comparison of scars from total hip replacements done with a standard or a mini-incision. Clin Orthop Relat Res 441 (2005) 80-85