메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 22, Issue 1, 2009, Pages 1-21

Speech acquisition in older nonverbal individuals with autism : A review of features, methods, and prognosis

Author keywords

Autism; Language; Nonverbal; Prognosis; Speech

Indexed keywords

AUTISM; BEHAVIOR MODIFICATION; COMPUTER; GROUPS BY AGE; HUMAN; NONVERBAL COMMUNICATION; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROGNOSIS; REVIEW; SIGN LANGUAGE; SPECIAL EDUCATION; SPEECH; SPEECH DEVELOPMENT; SPEECH DISORDER; SPEECH THERAPY; TRAINING; ADOLESCENT; CHILD; EDUCATION; FEMALE; INSTRUMENTAL CONDITIONING; LANGUAGE DEVELOPMENT; LEARNING; MALE; META ANALYSIS; PHYSIOLOGY; PRESCHOOL CHILD; PSYCHOLOGICAL ASPECT; TEACHING; TREATMENT OUTCOME;

EID: 67049087023     PISSN: 15433633     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/WNN.0b013e318190d185     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (87)

References (96)
  • 1
    • 0007159410 scopus 로고
    • Augmentative and alternative communication applications for persons with severe congenital communication disorders: An introduction
    • Mirenda P, Mathy-Laikko P. Augmentative and alternative communication applications for persons with severe congenital communication disorders: an introduction. Augment Alternat Commun. 1989;5:3-13.
    • (1989) Augment Alternat Commun. , vol.5 , pp. 3-13
    • Mirenda, P.1    Mathy-Laikko, P.2
  • 2
    • 0003153431 scopus 로고
    • Syndromes of autism and atypical development
    • In: Cohen DJ, Donnellan AM, Paul R, eds., Silver Spring, MD: Winston, Wiley
    • Wing L, Attwood A. Syndromes of autism and atypical development. In: Cohen DJ, Donnellan AM, Paul R, eds. Handbook of Autism and Pervasive Developmental Disorders. Silver Spring, MD: Winston, Wiley; 1987:3-19.
    • (1987) Handbook of Autism and Pervasive Developmental Disorders , pp. 3-19
    • Wing, L.1    Attwood, A.2
  • 3
    • 0029936817 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Brief report: Communication, language, social, and emotional development
    • DOI 10.1007/BF02172007
    • Prizant BM. Brief report: communication, language, social, and emotional development. J Autism Dev Disord. 1996;26:173-178. (Pubitemid 26140723)
    • (1996) Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders , vol.26 , Issue.2 , pp. 173-178
    • Prizant, B.M.1
  • 4
    • 0001779038 scopus 로고
    • Diagnosis and definition
    • In: Rutter M, Schopler E, eds., New York: Plenum Press
    • Rutter M. Diagnosis and definition. In: Rutter M, Schopler E, eds. Autism, A Reappraisal of Concepts and Treatment. New York: Plenum Press; 1978:1-25.
    • (1978) Autism, A Reappraisal of Concepts and Treatment , pp. 1-25
    • Rutter, M.1
  • 5
    • 0014152389 scopus 로고
    • A five to fifteen year follow-up study of infantile psychosis. II. Social and behavioural outcome
    • Rutter M, Greenfeld D, Lockyer L. A five to fifteen year follow-up study of infantile psychosis. II. Social and behavioural outcome. Br J Psychiatry. 1967;113:1183-1199.
    • (1967) Br J Psychiatry , vol.113 , pp. 1183-1199
    • Rutter, M.1    Greenfeld, D.2    Lockyer, L.3
  • 6
    • 84917254192 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Trajectory of language development in autistic spectrum disorders
    • In: Rice ML, Warren SF, eds., Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum
    • Lord C, Risi S, Pickles A. Trajectory of language development in autistic spectrum disorders. In: Rice ML, Warren SF, eds. Developmental Language Disorders: From Phenotypes to Etiologies. Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum; 2004:7-29.
    • (2004) Developmental Language Disorders: From Phenotypes to Etiologies , pp. 7-29
    • Lord, C.1    Risi, S.2    Pickles, A.3
  • 7
    • 3943110148 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Critical thinking about critical periods: Perspectives on a critical period for language acquisition
    • In: Dupoux E Mehler J eds, Cambridge MA: MIT Press
    • Newport EL, Bavelier D, Neville HJ. Critical thinking about critical periods: perspectives on a critical period for language acquisition. In: Dupoux E, Mehler J, eds. Language, Brain, and Cognitive Development; Essays in Honor of Jacques Mehler. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press; 2001:481-502.
    • (2001) Language Brain and Cognitive Development; Essays in Honor of Jacques Mehler , pp. 481-502
    • Newport, E.L.1    Bavelier, D.2    Neville, H.J.3
  • 8
    • 0015881105 scopus 로고
    • Childhood autism, A review of the clinical and experimental literature
    • Ornitz EM. Childhood autism. A review of the clinical and experimental literature. Calif Med. 1973;118:21-47.
    • (1973) Calif Med. , vol.118 , pp. 21-47
    • Ornitz, E.M.1
  • 9
    • 0001325822 scopus 로고
    • Speech and language acquisition and intervention: Behavioral approaches
    • In: Matson JL, ed, Pacific Grove, CA: Brooks/Cole Publishing Co
    • Charlop MH, Haymes LK. Speech and language acquisition and intervention: behavioral approaches. In: Matson JL, ed. Autism in Children and Adults: Etiology, Assessment, and Intervention. Pacific Grove, CA: Brooks/Cole Publishing Co; 1994:213-240.
    • (1994) Autism in Children and Adults: Etiology, Assessment, and Intervention , pp. 213-240
    • Charlop, M.H.1    Haymes, L.K.2
  • 11
    • 0025244313 scopus 로고
    • Language acquisition in autistic children: A research note
    • Williams TI. Language acquisition in autistic children: a research note. Eur J Psychiatry. 1990;4:173-179.
    • (1990) Eur J Psychiatry , vol.4 , pp. 173-179
    • Williams, T.I.1
  • 12
    • 0031896034 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The long-term course of autistic disorders: Update on follow-up studies
    • Nordin V, Gillberg C. The long-term course of autistic disorders: update on follow-up studies. Acta Psychiatr Scand. 1998;97:99-108. (Pubitemid 28145453)
    • (1998) Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica , vol.97 , Issue.2 , pp. 99-108
    • Nordin, V.1    Gillberg, C.2
  • 13
    • 0031312308 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • On the Inseparability of Grammar and the Lexicon: Evidence from Acquisition, Aphasia and Real-time Processing
    • Bates E, Goodman JC. On the inseparability of grammar and the lexicon: Evidence from acquisition, aphasia and real-time processing. Lang Cogn Process. 1997;12:507-584. (Pubitemid 127467711)
    • (1997) Language and Cognitive Processes , vol.12 , Issue.5-6 , pp. 507-584
    • Bates, E.1    Goodman, J.C.2
  • 14
    • 0002098489 scopus 로고
    • Individual differences and their implications for theories of language development
    • In: Fletcher P, MacWhinney B, eds., Oxford, UK: Blackwell
    • Bates E, Dale PS, Thal D. Individual differences and their implications for theories of language development. In: Fletcher P, MacWhinney B, eds. The Handbook of Child Language. Oxford, UK: Blackwell; 1995:96-151.
    • (1995) Handbook of Child Language , pp. 96-151
    • Bates, E.1    Dale, P.S.2    Thal, D.3
  • 15
    • 68549131885 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • In: Asbury AK, McDonald WI, McKhann GM, et al, eds. Diseases of the Nervous System: Clinical Neuroscience and Therapeutic Principles. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press
    • Gordon B. Autism and autistic spectrum disorders. In: Asbury AK, McDonald WI, McKhann GM, et al, eds. Diseases of the Nervous System: Clinical Neuroscience and Therapeutic Principles. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press; 2002:406-421.
    • (2002) Autism and Autistic Spectrum Disorders , pp. 406-421
    • Gordon, B.1
  • 16
    • 33747892872 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cognitive and communicative abilities of Grey parrots
    • Pepperberg IM. Cognitive and communicative abilities of Grey parrots. Appl Anim Behav Sci. 2006;100:77-86.
    • (2006) Appl Anim Behav Sci. , vol.100 , pp. 77-86
    • Pepperberg, I.M.1
  • 18
    • 0033035471 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Response to Pepperberg; Herman and Uyeyama; and Shanker, Savage- Rumbaugh, and Taylor
    • Kako E. Response to Pepperberg; Herman and Uyeyama; and Shanker, Savage-Rumbaugh, and Taylor. Anim Learn Behav. 1999;27:26-27. (Pubitemid 29130007)
    • (1999) Animal Learning and Behavior , vol.27 , Issue.1 , pp. 26-27
    • Kako, E.1
  • 19
    • 0032990958 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Elements of syntax in the systems of three language-trained animals
    • Kako E. Elements of syntax in the systems of three language-trained animals. Anim Learn Behav. 1999;27:1-14. (Pubitemid 29130003)
    • (1999) Animal Learning and Behavior , vol.27 , Issue.1 , pp. 1-14
    • Kako, E.1
  • 21
    • 84925909854 scopus 로고
    • Language in an autistic child: Contribution towards language acquisition and language therapy
    • Thomke H. Language in an autistic child: contribution towards language acquisition and language therapy. Schweiz Z Psychol. 1977;36:1-18.
    • (1977) Schweiz Z Psychol , vol.36 , pp. 1-18
    • Thomke, H.1
  • 23
    • 0030273142 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Longitudinal examination of the behavioral, language, and social changes in a population of adolescents and young adults with autistic disorder
    • DOI 10.1016/S0887-8994(96)00219-6, PII S0887899496002196
    • Ballaban-Gil K, Rapin I, Tuchman R, et al. Longitudinal examination of the behavioral, language, and social changes in a population of adolescents and young adults with autistic disorder. Pediatr Neurol. 1996;15:217-223. (Pubitemid 26367758)
    • (1996) Pediatric Neurology , vol.15 , Issue.3 , pp. 217-223
    • Ballaban-Gil, K.1    Rapin, I.2    Tuchman, R.3    Shinnar, S.4
  • 24
    • 84932221436 scopus 로고
    • Educational treatment of autistic children
    • In: Rutter M Institute for Research into Mental Retardation eds., Study Group held at the Ciba Foundation London 15-17 June 1970, under the auspices of the Institute for Research into Mental Retardation. Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone
    • Bartak L, Rutter M. Educational treatment of autistic children. In: Rutter M, Institute for Research into Mental Retardation, eds. Infantile Autism: Concepts, Characteristics and Treatment; Study Group held at the Ciba Foundation, London, 15-17 June 1970, under the auspices of the Institute for Research into Mental Retardation. Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone; 1971:258-280.
    • (1971) Infantile Autism: Concepts Characteristics and Treatment , pp. 258-280
    • Bartak, L.1    Rutter, M.2
  • 25
    • 0015880806 scopus 로고
    • Special educational treatment of autistic children: A comparative study 1. Design of study and characteristics of units
    • Bartak L, Rutter M. Special educational treatment of autistic children: a comparative study. 1. Design of study and characteristics of units. J Child Psychol Psychiatry. 1973;14:161-179.
    • (1973) J Child Psychol Psychiatry , Issue.14 , pp. 161-179
    • Bartak, L.1    Rutter, M.2
  • 26
    • 0015900450 scopus 로고
    • Special educational treatment of autistic children: A comparative study. II. Follow-up findings and implications for services
    • Rutter M, Bartak L. Special educational treatment of autistic children: a comparative study. II. Follow-up findings and implications for services. J Child Psychol Psychiatry. 1973;14: 241-270.
    • (1973) J Child Psychol Psychiatry , vol.14 , pp. 241-270
    • Rutter, M.1    Bartak, L.2
  • 27
    • 0017364235 scopus 로고
    • Sign language and multisensory input training of children with communication and related developmental disorders
    • Benaroya S, Wesley S, Ogilvie H, et al. Sign language and multisensory input training of children with communication and related developmental disorders. J Autism Child Schizophr. 1977;7: 23-31. (Pubitemid 8081954)
    • (1977) Journal of Autism and Childhood Schizophrenia , vol.7 , Issue.1 , pp. 23-31
    • Benaroya, S.1    Wesley, S.2    Ogilvie, H.3
  • 28
    • 0032994897 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Enhancing vocal imitations in children with autism using the IBM SpeechViewer
    • DOI 10.1177/1362361399003002004
    • Bernard-Opitz V, Sriram N, Sapuan S. Enhancing vocal imitations in children with autism using the IBM SpeechViewer. Autism. 1999; 3:131-147. (Pubitemid 29286869)
    • (1999) Autism , vol.3 , Issue.2 , pp. 131-147
    • Bernard-Opitz, V.1    Sriram, N.2    Sapuan, S.3
  • 29
    • 84964110604 scopus 로고
    • The picture exchange communication system
    • Bondy AS, Frost LA. The Picture Exchange Communication System. Focus Autistic Behav. 1994;9:1-19.
    • (1994) Focus Autistic Behav. , vol.9 , pp. 1-19
    • Bondy, A.S.1    Frost, L.A.2
  • 30
    • 0004746750 scopus 로고
    • Manual communication and autism: Factors relating to sign language acquisition
    • In: Siple P, Fischer SD, eds., Chicago: University of Chicago Press
    • Bonvillian JD, Blackburn DW. Manual communication and autism: factors relating to sign language acquisition. In: Siple P, Fischer SD, eds. Theoretical Issues in Sign Language Research, Volume 2: Psychology. Chicago: University of Chicago Press; 1991:255-277.
    • (1991) Theoretical Issues in Sign Language Research, Volume 2: Psychology , vol.2 , pp. 255-277
    • Bonvillian, J.D.1    Blackburn, D.W.2
  • 31
    • 0345415935 scopus 로고
    • Development of sign language in autistic children and other language-handicapped individuals
    • In: Siple PA, ed., New York: Academic Press;
    • Bonvillian JD, Nelson KE. Development of sign language in autistic children and other language-handicapped individuals. In: Siple PA, ed. Understanding Language through Sign Language Research. New York: Academic Press; 1978:187-212.
    • (1978) Understanding Language through Sign Language Research , pp. 187-212
    • Bonvillian, J.D.1    Nelson, K.E.2
  • 32
    • 0014376180 scopus 로고
    • Computer-aided language development in nonspeaking children
    • Colby KM. Computer-aided language development in nonspeaking children. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1968;19:641-651.
    • (1968) Arch Gen Psychiatry , vol.19 , pp. 641-651
    • Colby, K.M.1
  • 33
    • 0017067446 scopus 로고
    • Sign language acquisition in a mute autistic boy
    • Bonvillian JD, Nelson KE. Sign language acquisition in a mute autistic boy. J Speech Hear Disord. 1976;41:339-347.
    • (1976) J Speech Hear Disord , vol.41 , pp. 339-347
    • Bonvillian, J.D.1    Nelson, K.E.2
  • 34
    • 3342939218 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of a vocal mand assessment and vocal mand training procedures
    • Bourret J, Vollmer TR, Rapp JT. Evaluation of a vocal mand assessment and vocal mand training procedures. J Appl Behav Anal. 2004;37:129-143; quiz 143-144. (Pubitemid 38990085)
    • (2004) Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis , vol.37 , Issue.2 , pp. 129-144
    • Bourret, J.1    Vollmer, T.R.2    Rapp, J.T.3
  • 35
    • 0025336170 scopus 로고
    • A follow-up study of infantile autism in Hong Kong
    • Chung SY, Luk SL, Lee PW. A follow-up study of infantile autism in Hong Kong. J Autism Dev Disord. 1990;20:221-232.
    • (1990) J Autism Dev Disord , vol.20 , pp. 221-232
    • Chung, S.Y.1    Luk, S.L.2    Lee, P.W.3
  • 38
    • 0002077361 scopus 로고
    • Theoretical and experimental aspects of the behaviour modification approach to autistic children
    • In: Rutter M Institute for Research into Mental Retardation eds, , Study Group held at the Ciba Foundation London 15-17 June 2007, under the auspices of the Institute for Research into Mental Retardation. Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone
    • Evans IM. Theoretical and experimental aspects of the behaviour modification approach to autistic children. In: Rutter M, Institute for Research into Mental Retardation, eds. Infantile Autism: Concepts, Characteristics and Treatment; Study Group held at the Ciba Foundation, London, 15-17 June 1970, under the auspices of the Institute for Research into Mental Retardation. Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone; 1971:229-251.
    • (1971) Infantile Autism: Concepts Characteristics and Treatment , pp. 229-251
    • Evans, I.M.1
  • 40
    • 0014821780 scopus 로고
    • Programmed teaching of autistic children. Scholastic progress over one year
    • Fischer I, Glanville BW. Programmed teaching of autistic children. Scholastic progress over one year. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1970; 23:90-94.
    • (1970) Arch Gen Psychiatry , vol.23 , pp. 90-94
    • Fischer, I.1    Glanville, B.W.2
  • 41
    • 0017276346 scopus 로고
    • Acquisition of American sign language by a noncommunicating autistic child
    • Fulwiler RL, Fouts RS. Acquisition of American sign language by a noncommunicating autistic child. J Autism Child Schizophr. 1976;6:43-51.
    • (1976) J Autism Child Schizophr. , vol.6 , pp. 43-51
    • Fulwiler, R.L.1    Fouts, R.S.2
  • 42
    • 0040885691 scopus 로고
    • A follow-up investigation of schizophrenic children treated in residence
    • Goldfarb W. A follow-up investigation of schizophrenic children treated in residence. Psychosoc Process. 1970;1:9-64.
    • (1970) Psychosoc Process , vol.1 , pp. 9-64
    • Goldfarb, W.1
  • 43
    • 0014806447 scopus 로고
    • A group treatment approach to multiple problem behaviors of autistic children
    • Graziano AM. A group treatment approach to multiple problem behaviors of autistic children. Except Child. 1970;36:765-770.
    • (1970) Except Child , vol.36 , pp. 765-770
    • Graziano, A.M.1
  • 44
    • 0015402745 scopus 로고
    • A language development program for severely handicapped children
    • Guralnick MJ. A language development program for severely handicapped children. Except Child. 1972;39:45-49.
    • (1972) Except Child , vol.39 , pp. 45-49
    • Guralnick, M.J.1
  • 45
    • 0014823009 scopus 로고
    • The schooling of autistic children: preliminary findings
    • Halpern WI. The schooling of autistic children: preliminary findings. Am J Orthopsychiatry. 1970;40:665-671.
    • (1970) Am J Orthopsychiatry , vol.40 , pp. 665-671
    • Halpern, W.I.1
  • 46
    • 0014540207 scopus 로고
    • Identification of perceptual limitations in mute autistic children. Identification by the use of behavior modification
    • Hingtgen JN, Churchill DW. Identification of perceptual limitations in mute autistic children. Identification by the use of behavior modification. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1969;21:68-71.
    • (1969) Arch Gen Psychiatry , vol.21 , pp. 68-71
    • Hingtgen, J.N.1    Churchill, D.W.2
  • 47
    • 0014102226 scopus 로고
    • Intensive reinforcement of imitative behavior in mute autistic children
    • Hingtgen JN, Coulter SK, Churchill DW. Intensive reinforcement of imitative behavior in mute autistic children. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1967;17:36-43.
    • (1967) Arch Gen Psychiatry , vol.17 , pp. 36-43
    • Hingtgen, J.N.1    Coulter, S.K.2    Churchill, D.W.3
  • 49
    • 0018828141 scopus 로고
    • Training and generalization of yes and no as mands in two autistic children
    • Hung DW. Training and generalization of yes and no as mands in two autistic children. J Autism Dev Disord. 1980;10:139-152.
    • (1980) J Autism Dev Disord , vol.10 , pp. 139-152
    • Hung, D.W.1
  • 50
    • 0015071231 scopus 로고
    • Speech treatment by means of behavior therapy of mute autistic children
    • Kehrer HE, Korber HP. Speech treatment by means of behavior therapy of mute autistic children. Acta Paedopsychiatr. 1971; 38:2-17.
    • (1971) Acta Paedopsychiatr , vol.38 , pp. 2-17
    • Kehrer, H.E.1    Korber, H.P.2
  • 51
    • 0026794486 scopus 로고
    • A follow-up study of 201 children with autism in Kyushu and Yamaguchi areas, Japan
    • Kobayashi R, Murata T, Yoshinaga K. A follow-up study of 201 children with autism in Kyushu and Yamaguchi areas, Japan. J Autism Dev Disord. 1992;22:395-411.
    • (1992) J Autism Dev Disord , vol.22 , pp. 395-411
    • Kobayashi, R.1    Murata, T.2    Yoshinaga, K.3
  • 52
    • 0024205519 scopus 로고
    • Producing speech use in nonverbal autistic children by reinforcing attempts
    • DOI 10.1007/BF02211871
    • Koegel RL, O'Dell M, Dunlap G. Producing speech use in nonverbal autistic children by reinforcing attempts. J Autism Dev Disord. 1988;18:525-538. (Pubitemid 19025237)
    • (1988) Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders , vol.18 , Issue.4 , pp. 525-538
    • Koegel, R.L.1    O'Dell, M.2    Dunlap, G.3
  • 53
    • 0023264511 scopus 로고
    • A natural language teaching paradigm for nonverbal autistic children
    • Koegel RL, O'Dell MC, Koegel LK. A natural language teaching paradigm for nonverbal autistic children. J Autism Dev Disord. 1987; 17:187-200.
    • (1987) J Autism Dev Disord , vol.17 , pp. 187-200
    • Koegel, R.L.1    O'Dell, M.C.2    Koegel, L.K.3
  • 54
    • 0016212966 scopus 로고
    • Treatment of psychotic children in a classroom environment: I. Learning in a large group
    • Koegel RL, Rincover A. Treatment of psychotic children in a classroom environment: I. Learning in a large group. J Appl Behav Anal. 1974;7:45-59.
    • (1974) J Appl Behav Anal. , Issue.7 , pp. 45-59
    • Koegel, R.L.1    Rincover, A.2
  • 55
    • 0011949199 scopus 로고
    • Selection of initial words for speech training with nonverbal children
    • In: Koegel RL, Rincover A, Egel AL, eds., San Diego, CA: College-Hill Press
    • Koegel RL, Traphagen J. Selection of initial words for speech training with nonverbal children. In: Koegel RL, Rincover A, Egel AL, eds. Educating and Understanding Autistic Children. San Diego, CA: College-Hill Press; 1982:65-77.
    • (1982) Educating and Understanding Autistic Children , pp. 65-77
    • Koegel, R.L.1    Traphagen, J.2
  • 56
    • 0023127060 scopus 로고
    • Autistic children exposed to simultaneous communication training: A follow-up
    • Konstantareas MM. Autistic children exposed to simultaneous communication training: a follow-up. J Autism Dev Disord. 1987;17: 115-131.
    • (1987) J Autism Dev Disord , vol.17 , pp. 115-131
    • Konstantareas, M.M.1
  • 57
    • 0024224271 scopus 로고
    • Training parents to use the natural language paradigm to increase their autistic children's speech
    • Laski KE, Charlop MH, Schreibman L. Training parents to use the natural language paradigm to increase their autistic children's speech. J Appl Behav Anal. 1988;21:391-400.
    • (1988) J Appl Behav Anal. , vol.21 , pp. 391-400
    • Laski, K.E.1    Charlop, M.H.2    Schreibman, L.3
  • 58
    • 0019782220 scopus 로고
    • Description of semantic-syntactic relations in an autistic child
    • Layton TL, Baker PS. Description of semantic-syntactic relations in an autistic child. J Autism Dev Disord. 1981;11:385-399.
    • (1981) J Autism Dev Disord. , vol.11 , pp. 385-399
    • Layton, T.L.1    Baker, P.S.2
  • 59
    • 0014011949 scopus 로고
    • Acquisition of imitative speech by schizophrenic children
    • Lovaas OI, Berberich JP, Perloff BF, et al. Acquisition of imitative speech by schizophrenic children. Science. 1966;151: 705-707.
    • (1966) Science , vol.151 , pp. 705-707
    • Lovaas, O.I.1    Berberich, J.P.2    Perloff, B.F.3
  • 61
    • 0014736876 scopus 로고
    • Programmed communication therapy for autistic mentally retarded children
    • Marshall NR, Hegrenes JR. Programmed communication therapy for autistic mentally retarded children. J Speech Hear Disord. 1970;35:70-83.
    • (1970) J Speech Hear Disord. , vol.35 , pp. 70-83
    • Marshall, N.R.1    Hegrenes, J.R.2
  • 63
    • 0015850024 scopus 로고
    • Cognitive-developmental training with elevated boards and sign language
    • Miller A, Miller EE. Cognitive-developmental training with elevated boards and sign language. J Autism Child Schizophr. 1973;3:65-85.
    • (1973) J Autism Child Schizophr , vol.3 , pp. 65-85
    • Miller, A.1    Miller, E.E.2
  • 64
    • 0014478660 scopus 로고
    • Language therapy with an autistic nonverbal boy
    • Miller N. Language therapy with an autistic nonverbal boy. Except Child. 1969;35:555-557.
    • (1969) Except Child , vol.35 , pp. 555-557
    • Miller, N.1
  • 66
    • 0026694735 scopus 로고
    • Acquisition generalization, and spontaneous use of color adjectives: A comparison of incidental teaching and traditional discrete-trial procedures for children with autism
    • Miranda-Linne F, Melin L. Acquisition, generalization, and spontaneous use of color adjectives: a comparison of incidental teaching and traditional discrete-trial procedures for children with autism. Res Dev Disabil. 1992;13:191-210.
    • (1992) Res Dev Disabil , vol.13 , pp. 191-210
    • Miranda-Linne, F.1    Melin, L.2
  • 70
    • 0037237667 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Generalized imitation and the mand: Inducing first instances of speech in young children with autism
    • Ross DE, Greer RD. Generalized imitation and the mand: inducing first instances of speech in young children with autism. Res Dev Disabil. 2003;24:58-74.
    • (2003) Res Dev Disabil , vol.24 , pp. 58-74
    • Ross, D.E.1    Greer, R.D.2
  • 71
    • 68549139496 scopus 로고
    • Springfield IL: Department for Exceptional Children Illinois Office of Education
    • Rutter M, Rodefeld W. Teaching Language to Autistic Children. Springfield, IL: Department for Exceptional Children, Illinois Office of Education; 1974.
    • (1974) Teaching Language to Autistic Children
    • Rutter, M.1    Rodefeld, W.2
  • 72
    • 68549112286 scopus 로고
    • Language training in the treatment of the autistic child functioning on a retarded level
    • Scanlan JB, Leberfeld DT, Freibrun R. Language training in the treatment of the autistic child functioning on a retarded level. Ment Retard. 1963;42:305-310.
    • (1963) Ment Retard , vol.42 , pp. 305-310
    • Scanlan, J.B.1    Leberfeld, D.T.2    Freibrun, R.3
  • 73
    • 68549101094 scopus 로고
    • Spontaneous verbal language for autistic children through signed speech
    • Schaeffer B, Kollinzas G, Musil A, et al. Spontaneous verbal language for autistic children through signed speech. Sign Lang Studies. 1977;17:287-328.
    • (1977) Sign Lang Studies , vol.17 , pp. 287-328
    • Schaeffer, B.1    Kollinzas, G.2    Musil, A.3
  • 74
    • 0009413282 scopus 로고
    • Aspects of communication
    • In: Fay WH, Schuler AL, eds., Baltimore: University Park Press
    • Schuler AL. Aspects of communication. In: Fay WH, Schuler AL, eds. Emerging Language in Autistic Children. Baltimore: University Park Press; 1980:87-111.
    • (1980) Emerging Language in Autistic Children , pp. 87-111
    • Schuler, A.L.1
  • 75
    • 68549120331 scopus 로고
    • Imitative speech training of an autistic child in the home
    • Shigley RH, Shigley JK. Imitative speech training of an autistic child in the home. West Carolina Univ J Educ. 1975;7:38-42.
    • (1975) West Carolina Univ J Educ , vol.7 , pp. 38-42
    • Shigley, R.H.1    Shigley, J.K.2
  • 77
    • 68449105178 scopus 로고
    • Operant conditioning of speech sounds in an autistic child
    • Silver EB. Operant conditioning of speech sounds in an autistic child. S African J Psychol. 1970;1:3-12.
    • (1970) S African J Psychol , vol.1 , pp. 3-12
    • Silver, E.B.1
  • 78
    • 0348185822 scopus 로고
    • Considerations of the development and treatment of autistic childhood psychosis
    • Weiland H, Rudnik R. Considerations of the development and treatment of autistic childhood psychosis. Psychoanal Study Child. 1961;16:549-563.
    • (1961) Psychoanal Study Child , vol.16 , pp. 549-563
    • Weiland, H.1    Rudnik, R.2
  • 79
    • 1842741831 scopus 로고
    • Retrieval from autism through motherchild holding therapy
    • In: Tinbergen N, Tinbergen EA, eds., London: Allen & Unwin
    • Welch MG. Appendix I: Retrieval from autism through motherchild holding therapy. In: Tinbergen N, Tinbergen EA, eds. Autistic Children: New Hope for a Cure. London: Allen & Unwin; 1983:322-326.
    • (1983) Autistic Children: New Hope for a Cure , pp. 322-326
    • Welch, M.G.1    Appendix, I.2
  • 80
    • 77049149117 scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of lobotomy with special reference to children
    • Williams JM, Freeman W. Evaluation of lobotomy with special reference to children. Res Pub Assoc Res Nerv Ment Dis. 1951;31: 311-318.
    • (1951) Res Pub Assoc Res Nerv Ment Dis. , vol.31 , pp. 311-318
    • Williams, J.M.1    Freeman, W.2
  • 82
    • 68549095560 scopus 로고
    • The application of behavior analysis to the development of language in an autistic child
    • Koganei Tokyo Japan: The Research Institute for the Education of Exceptional Children Tokyo Gakugei University
    • Yamaguchi K. The application of behavior analysis to the development of language in an autistic child RIEEC Research Bulletin PRB-15. Koganei, Tokyo, Japan: The Research Institute for the Education of Exceptional Children, Tokyo Gakugei University; 1980.
    • (1980) RIEEC Research Bulletin PRB-15
    • Yamaguchi, K.1
  • 83
    • 85055308824 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Teaching verbal behavior using the Picture Exchange Communication System (PECS) with children with autistic spectrum disorders
    • Yokoyama K, Naoi N, Yamamoto J. Teaching verbal behavior using the Picture Exchange Communication System (PECS) with children with autistic spectrum disorders. Japan J Spec Educ. 2006;43:485-503.
    • (2006) Japan J Spec Educ. , vol.43 , pp. 485-503
    • Yokoyama, K.1    Naoi, N.2    Yamamoto, J.3
  • 84
    • 0030155347 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Guidelines for the management of severe head injury. Brain Trauma Foundation
    • Bullock R, Chesnut RM, Clifton G, et al. Guidelines for the management of severe head injury. Brain Trauma Foundation. Eur J Emerg Med. 1996;3:109-127.
    • (1996) Eur J Emerg Med. , vol.3 , pp. 109-127
    • Bullock, R.1    Chesnut, R.M.2    Clifton, G.3
  • 86
    • 0001274773 scopus 로고
    • The autistic child in adolescence
    • Eisenberg L. The autistic child in adolescence. Am J Psychiatry. 1956;112:607-612.
    • (1956) Am J Psychiatry , vol.112 , pp. 607-612
    • Eisenberg, L.1
  • 87
    • 0015843784 scopus 로고
    • The rationale for computer-based treatment of language difficulties in nonspeaking autistic children
    • Colby KM. The rationale for computer-based treatment of language difficulties in nonspeaking autistic children. J Autism Child Schizophr. 1973;3:254-260.
    • (1973) J Autism Child Schizophr , vol.3 , pp. 254-260
    • Colby, K.M.1
  • 88
    • 0015167224 scopus 로고
    • Computers in the treatment of nonspeaking autistic children
    • In: Masserman JH, ed., New York: Grune & Stratton
    • Colby KM, Smith DC. Computers in the treatment of nonspeaking autistic children. In: Masserman JH, ed. Current Psychiatric Therapies. New York: Grune & Stratton; 1971:1-17.
    • (1971) Current Psychiatric Therapies , pp. 1-17
    • Colby, K.M.1    Smith, D.C.2
  • 89
    • 21144476800 scopus 로고
    • Mands across the water: A report on the application of the Picture-Exchange Communication System in Peru
    • Bondy AS, Frost LA. Mands across the water: a report on the application of the Picture-Exchange Communication System in Peru. Behav Analyst. 1993;16:123-128.
    • (1993) Behav Analyst , vol.16 , pp. 123-128
    • Bondy, A.S.1    Frost, L.A.2
  • 90
    • 79956116521 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interventions for children and youth with autism: Prudent choices in a world of exaggerated claims and empty promises
    • Heflin LJ, Simpson RL. Interventions for children and youth with autism: prudent choices in a world of exaggerated claims and empty promises. Focus Autism Other Devel Disabil. 1998;13: 194-211.
    • (1998) Focus Autism Other Devel Disabil , vol.13 , pp. 194-211
    • Heflin, L.J.1    Simpson, R.L.2
  • 91
    • 0020961118 scopus 로고
    • The use of nonvocal communication techniques with autistic individuals
    • Kiernan C. The use of nonvocal communication techniques with autistic individuals. J Child Psychol Psychiatry. 1983;24: 339-375.
    • (1983) J Child Psychol Psychiatry , vol.24 , pp. 339-375
    • Kiernan, C.1
  • 95
    • 0034176188 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The item-based nature of children's early syntactic development
    • DOI 10.1016/S1364-6613(00)01462-5, PII S1364661300014625
    • Tomasello M. The item-based nature of children's early syntactic development. Trends Cogn Sci. 2000;4:156-163. (Pubitemid 30182532)
    • (2000) Trends in Cognitive Sciences , vol.4 , Issue.4 , pp. 156-163
    • Tomasello, M.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.