메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 174, Issue 1, 2009, Pages

Transition from connected to fragmented vegetation across an environmental gradient: Scaling laws in ecotone geometry

Author keywords

Environmental gradient; Fractal geometry; Landscape connectivity; Patch dynamics; Tree line

Indexed keywords

CLIMATE CHANGE; CLIMATE EFFECT; CONNECTIVITY; ECOTONE; ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS; ENVIRONMENTAL GRADIENT; EVERGREEN TREE; PATCH DYNAMICS; SATELLITE IMAGERY; VEGETATION TYPE; WOODLAND;

EID: 66849142466     PISSN: 00030147     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1086/599292     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (40)

References (93)
  • 1
    • 0032411248 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Drought-induced shift of a forest-woodland ecotone: Rapid landscape response to climate variation
    • Allen, C. D., and D. D. Breshears. 1998. Drought-induced shift of a forest-woodland ecotone: rapid landscape response to climate variation. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA 95:14839-14842.
    • (1998) Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA , vol.95 , pp. 14839-14842
    • Allen, C.D.1    Breshears, D.D.2
  • 3
    • 0028165202 scopus 로고
    • Effects of habitat fragmentation on birds and mammals in landscapes with different proportions of suitable habitat: A review
    • Andrén, H. 1994. Effects of habitat fragmentation on birds and mammals in landscapes with different proportions of suitable habitat: a review. Oikos 71:355-366.
    • (1994) Oikos , vol.71 , pp. 355-366
    • Andrén, H.1
  • 5
    • 33749477103 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of dispersal at range edges on the structure of species ranges
    • DOI 10.1111/j.2006.0030-1299.14825.x
    • Bahn, V, J. O'Connor, and W. B. Krohn. 2006. Effect of dispersal at range edges on the structure of species ranges. Oikos 115:89-96. (Pubitemid 44521322)
    • (2006) Oikos , vol.115 , Issue.1 , pp. 89-96
    • Bahn, V.1    O'Connor, J.2    Krohn, W.B.3
  • 6
    • 0020402277 scopus 로고
    • Population dynamics of the wild daffodil (Narcissus pseudonarcissus). III. Implications of a computer model of 1000 years of population change
    • Barkham, J. P., and C. E. Hance. 1982. Population dynamics of the wild daffodil (Narcissus pseudonarcissus). III. Implications of a computer model of 1000 years of population change. Journal of Ecology 70:323-344.
    • (1982) Journal of Ecology , vol.70 , pp. 323-344
    • Barkham, J.P.1    Hance, C.E.2
  • 7
    • 0030304564 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Habitat fragmentation and extinction thresholds in spatially explicit models
    • Bascompte, J., and R. V. Solé. 1996. Habitat fragmentation and extinction thresholds in spatially explicit models. Journal of Animal Ecology 65:465-473. (Pubitemid 27048212)
    • (1996) Journal of Animal Ecology , vol.65 , Issue.4 , pp. 465-473
    • Bascompte, J.1    Sole, R.V.2
  • 9
    • 0001397517 scopus 로고
    • Mechanisms of competitive exclusion between two species of chipmunks
    • Brown, J. H. 1971. Mechanisms of competitive exclusion between two species of chipmunks. Ecology 52:305-311.
    • (1971) Ecology , vol.52 , pp. 305-311
    • Brown, J.H.1
  • 10
    • 0003855795 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Brown, J. H., and G. B. West, eds. Oxford University Press, Oxford.
    • Brown, J. H., and G. B. West, eds. 2000. Scaling in biology. Oxford University Press, Oxford.
    • (2000) Scaling in Biology.
  • 11
    • 0034961492 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Landscape con- Nectivity: A conservation application of graph theory
    • Bunn, A. G., D. L. Urban, and T. H. Keitt. 2000. Landscape con- nectivity: a conservation application of graph theory. Journal of Environmental Management 59:265-278.
    • (2000) Journal of Environmental Management , vol.59 , pp. 265-278
    • Bunn, A.G.1    Urban, D.L.2    Keitt, T.H.3
  • 12
    • 58149371109 scopus 로고
    • Population dynamics and plant community structure: Competition between annuals and perennials
    • Crawley, M. J., and R. M. May. 1987. Population dynamics and plant community structure: competition between annuals and perennials. Journal, of Theoretical Biology 125:475-489.
    • (1987) Journal, of Theoretical Biology , vol.125 , pp. 475-489
    • Crawley, M.J.1    May, R.M.2
  • 13
    • 0000461638 scopus 로고
    • Coexistence of competing populations along environmental gradients: A simulation study
    • Czárán, T. 1989. Coexistence of competing populations along environmental gradients: a simulation study. Coenoses 4:113-120.
    • (1989) Coenoses , vol.4 , pp. 113-120
    • Czárán, T.1
  • 15
    • 33846919856 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Variability, contingency and rapid change in recent subarctic alpine tree line dynamics
    • Danby, R. K., and D. S. Hik. 2007. Variability, contingency and rapid change in recent subarctic alpine tree line dynamics. Journal of Ecology 95:352-363.
    • (2007) Journal of Ecology , vol.95 , pp. 352-363
    • Danby, R.K.1    Hik, D.S.2
  • 16
    • 0032546016 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Making mistakes when predicting shifts in species range in response to global warming
    • Davis, A. J., L. S. Jenkinson, J. H. Lawton, B. Shorrocks, and S. Wood. 1998. Making mistakes when predicting shifts in species range in response to global warming. Nature 391:783-786.
    • (1998) Nature , vol.391 , pp. 783-786
    • Davis, A.J.1    Jenkinson, L.S.2    Lawton, J.H.3    Shorrocks, B.4    Wood, S.5
  • 19
    • 0001824598 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Habitat destruction and extinctions: Predictions from metapopulation models. 315-331
    • M. J. Hutchings, E. A. John, and A. J. A. Stewart, eds. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
    • Dytham, C. 2000. Habitat destruction and extinctions: predictions from metapopulation models. Pages 315-331 in M. J. Hutchings, E. A. John, and A. J. A. Stewart, eds. The ecological consequences of environmental heterogeneity. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
    • (2000) The Ecological Consequences of Environmental Heterogeneity.
    • Dytham, C.1
  • 21
    • 0003586464 scopus 로고
    • Plenum, New York
    • Feder, J. 1988. Fractals. Plenum, New York.
    • (1988) Fractals
    • Feder, J.1
  • 23
    • 13444274881 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Species' geographic ranges and distributional limits: Pattern analysis and statistical issues
    • Fortin, M.-J., T. H. Keitt, B. A. Maurer, M. L. Taper, D. M. Kaufman, and T. M. Blackburn. 2005. Species' geographic ranges and distributional limits: pattern analysis and statistical issues. Oikos 108: 7-17.
    • (2005) Oikos , vol.108 , pp. 7-17
    • Fortin, M.-J.1    Keitt, T.H.2    Maurer, B.A.3    Taper, M.L.4    Kaufman, D.M.5    Blackburn, T.M.6
  • 24
    • 12944284514 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Metapopulation dynamics as a contact process on a graph
    • DOI 10.1016/j.ecocom.2003.10.002, PII S1476945X03000047
    • Franc, A. 2004. Metapopulation dynamics as a contact process on a graph. Ecological Complexity 1:49-63. (Pubitemid 40171925)
    • (2004) Ecological Complexity , vol.1 , Issue.1 , pp. 49-63
    • Franc, A.1
  • 25
    • 28244462573 scopus 로고
    • Neutral models for the analysis of broad-scale landscape pattern
    • Gardner, R. H., B. T. Milne, M. G. Turner, and R. V. O'Neill. 1987. Neutral models for the analysis of broad-scale landscape pattern. Landscape Ecology 1:19-28.
    • (1987) Landscape Ecology , vol.1 , pp. 19-28
    • Gardner, R.H.1    Milne, B.T.2    Turner, M.G.3    O'Neill, R.V.4
  • 26
    • 0031856446 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Distribution of woodland amphibians along a forest fragmentation gradient
    • Gibbs, J. P. 1998. Distribution of woodland amphibians along a forest fragmentation gradient. Landscape Ecology 13:263-268.
    • (1998) Landscape Ecology , vol.13 , pp. 263-268
    • Gibbs, J.P.1
  • 27
    • 34547691026 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Species' borders and dispersal barriers
    • Goldberg, E. E., and R. Lande. 2007. Species' borders and dispersal barriers. American Naturalist 170:297-304.
    • (2007) American Naturalist , vol.170 , pp. 297-304
    • Goldberg, E.E.1    Lande, R.2
  • 29
    • 0000578291 scopus 로고
    • Structure and perimeters of percolation clusters
    • Grossman, T., and A. Aharony. 1986. Structure and perimeters of percolation clusters. Journal of Physics A 19:L745-L751.
    • (1986) Journal of Physics A , vol.19
    • Grossman, T.1    Aharony, A.2
  • 30
    • 13444250192 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spatial-temporal population dynamics across species range: From centre to margin
    • DOI 10.1111/j.0030-1299.2005.13149.x
    • Guo, Q., M. Taper, M. Schoenberger, and J. Brandle. 2005. Spatialtemporal population dynamics across species range: from centre to margin. Oikos 108:47-57. (Pubitemid 40198891)
    • (2005) Oikos , vol.108 , Issue.1 , pp. 47-57
    • Guo, Q.1    Taper, M.2    Schoenberger, M.3    Brandle, J.4
  • 31
    • 0000563453 scopus 로고
    • Relationships between landcover proportion and indices of landscape spatial pattern
    • Gustafson, E. J., and G. R. Parker. 1992. Relationships between landcover proportion and indices of landscape spatial pattern. Landscape Ecology 7:101-110.
    • (1992) Landscape Ecology , vol.7 , pp. 101-110
    • Gustafson, E.J.1    Parker, G.R.2
  • 32
    • 0000829680 scopus 로고
    • Contact interactions on a lattice
    • Harris, T. E. 1974. Contact interactions on a lattice. Annals of Probability 2:969-988.
    • (1974) Annals of Probability , vol.2 , pp. 969-988
    • Harris, T.E.1
  • 33
    • 0347477212 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Percolation theory for the distribution and abundance of species
    • He, F., and S. P. Hubbell. 2003. Percolation theory for the distribution and abundance of species. Physical Review Letters 91:198103.
    • (2003) Physical Review Letters , vol.91 , pp. 198103
    • He, F.1    Hubbell, S.P.2
  • 35
    • 0002069553 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Basic epidemiological concepts in a spatial context
    • D. Tilman and P. Kareiva, eds. Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ.
    • Holmes, E. 1997. Basic epidemiological concepts in a spatial context. Pages 111-136 in D. Tilman and P. Kareiva, eds. Spatial ecology: the role of space in population dynamics and interspecific interactions. Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ.
    • (1997) Spatial Ecology: the Role of Space in Population Dynamics and Interspecific Interactions. , pp. 111-136
    • Holmes, E.1
  • 36
    • 0033978297 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Alternative causes for range limits: A metapopulation perspective
    • Holt, R. D., and T. H. Keitt. 2000. Alternative causes for range limits: a metapopulation perspective. Ecology Letters 3:41-47.
    • (2000) Ecology Letters , vol.3 , pp. 41-47
    • Holt, R.D.1    Keitt, T.H.2
  • 37
    • 13444273614 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Theoretical models of species' borders: Single species approaches
    • Holt, R. D., B. A. Maurer, M. L. Taper, M. A. Lewis, and T. H. Keitt. 2005. Theoretical models of species' borders: single species approaches. Oikos 108:18-27.
    • (2005) Oikos , vol.108 , pp. 18-27
    • Holt, R.D.1    Maurer, B.A.2    Taper, M.L.3    Lewis, M.A.4    Keitt, T.H.5
  • 38
    • 0028864965 scopus 로고
    • Movement patterns related to spatial structures
    • L. Hansson, L. Fahrig, and G. Merriam, eds. Chapman & Hall, London.
    • Ims, R. A. 1995. Movement patterns related to spatial structures. Pages 85-109 in L. Hansson, L. Fahrig, and G. Merriam, eds. Mosaic landscapes and ecological processes. Chapman & Hall, London.
    • (1995) Mosaic Landscapes and Ecological Processes. , pp. 85-109
    • Ims, R.A.1
  • 39
    • 0033940606 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spectral representation of neutral landscapes
    • Keitt, T. H. 2000. Spectral representation of neutral landscapes. Landscape Ecology 15:479-493.
    • (2000) Landscape Ecology , vol.15 , pp. 479-493
    • Keitt, T.H.1
  • 40
    • 54249167622 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Detecting critical scales in fragmented landscapes
    • Keitt, T. H., D. L. Urban, and B. T. Milne. 1997. Detecting critical scales in fragmented landscapes. Conservation Ecology 1:4.
    • (1997) Conservation Ecology , vol.1 , pp. 4
    • Keitt, T.H.1    Urban, D.L.2    Milne, B.T.3
  • 41
    • 0035117132 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Allee effects, invasion pinning, and species' borders
    • DOI 10.1086/318633
    • Keitt, T. H., M. A. Lewis, and R. D. Holt. 2001. Allee effects, invasion pinning, and species' borders. American Naturalist 157:203-216. (Pubitemid 32164214)
    • (2001) American Naturalist , vol.157 , Issue.2 , pp. 203-216
    • Keitt, T.H.1    Lewis, M.A.2    Holt, R.D.3
  • 42
    • 0033785933 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Extinction thresholds and metapopulation persistence in dynamic landscapes
    • DOI 10.1086/303407
    • Keymer, J. E., P. A. Marquet, J. X. Velasco-Hemández, and S. A. Levin. 2000. Extinction thresholds and metapopulation persistence in dynamic landscapes. American Naturalist 156:478-494. (Pubitemid 30794579)
    • (2000) American Naturalist , vol.156 , Issue.5 , pp. 478-494
    • Keymer, J.E.1    Marquet, P.A.2    Velasco-Hernandez, J.X.3    Levin, S.A.4
  • 43
    • 2242419166 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Alpine vegetation communities and the alpine-treeline ecotone boundary in New England as biomonitors for climate change
    • S. F. McCool, D. N. Cole, W. T. Borrie, and J. O'Loughlin, eds. Wilderness science in a time of change. USDA, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Ogden, UT.
    • Kimball, K. D., and D. M. Weihrauch. 2000. Alpine vegetation communities and the alpine-treeline ecotone boundary in New England as biomonitors for climate change. Pages 93-101 in S. F. McCool, D. N. Cole, W. T. Borrie, and J. O'Loughlin, eds. Wilderness science in a time of change. Vol.3. Wilderness as a place for scientific inquiry. Proceedings RMRS-P-15-VOL-3. USDA, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Ogden, UT.
    • (2000) Wilderness As A Place for Scientific Inquiry. Proceedings RMRS-P-15-VOL-3. , vol.3 , pp. 93-101
    • Kimball, K.D.1    Weihrauch, D.M.2
  • 44
    • 0030617901 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A metapopulation model of species boundaries
    • Lennon, J. J., J. R. G. Turner, and D. Connell. 1997. A metapopulation model of species boundaries. Oikos 78:486-502.
    • (1997) Oikos , vol.78 , pp. 486-502
    • Lennon, J.J.1    Turner, J.R.G.2    Connell, D.3
  • 46
    • 0000065728 scopus 로고
    • Some demographic and genetic consequences of environmental heterogeneity for biological control
    • Levins, R. 1969. Some demographic and genetic consequences of environmental heterogeneity for biological control. Bulletin of the Entomological Society of America 15:237-240.
    • (1969) Bulletin of the Entomological Society of America , vol.15 , pp. 237-240
    • Levins, R.1
  • 47
    • 0036024504 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A theoretical framework of ecological phase transitions for characterizing tree-grassland dynamics
    • Li, B.-L. 2002. A theoretical framework of ecological phase transitions for characterizing tree-grassland dynamics. Acta Biotheoretica 50: 141-154.
    • (2002) Acta Biotheoretica , vol.50 , pp. 141-154
    • Li, B.-L.1
  • 48
    • 0030440455 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Forest spread and phase transitions at forest-prairie ecotones in Kansas, USA
    • Loehle, C, B.-L. Li, and R. C. Sundell. 1996. Forest spread and phase transitions at forest-prairie ecotones in Kansas, U.S.A. Landscape Ecology 11:225-235. (Pubitemid 27162511)
    • (1996) Landscape Ecology , vol.11 , Issue.4 , pp. 225-235
    • Loehle, C.1    Bai-Lian, L.2    Sundell, R.C.3
  • 51
    • 0036126751 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Connecting geographical distributions with population processes
    • Maurer, B. A., and M. L. Taper. 2002. Connecting geographical distributions with population processes. Ecology Letters 5:223-231.
    • (2002) Ecology Letters , vol.5 , pp. 223-231
    • Maurer, B.A.1    Taper, M.L.2
  • 53
    • 0042086435 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Percolation threshold of a class of correlated lattices
    • Mendelson, K. S. 1997. Percolation threshold of a class of correlated lattices. Physical Review E 56:6586-6588.
    • (1997) Physical Review e , vol.56 , pp. 6586-6588
    • Mendelson, K.S.1
  • 54
    • 0038824580 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Metapopulation dynamics of the bog fritillary butterfly: Comparison of demographic parameters and dispersal between a continuous and a highly fragmented landscape
    • DOI 10.1023/A:1024448829417
    • Mennechez, G., N. Schtickzelle, and M. Baguette. 2003. Metapopulation dynamics of the bog fritillary butterfly: comparison of demographic parameters and dispersal between a continuous and a highly fragmented landscape. Landscape Ecology 18:279-291. (Pubitemid 36872707)
    • (2003) Landscape Ecology , vol.18 , Issue.3 , pp. 279-291
    • Mennechez, G.1    Schtickzelle, N.2    Baguette, M.3
  • 56
    • 0026526571 scopus 로고
    • Spatial aggregation and neutral models in fractal landscapes
    • --------. 1992. Spatial aggregation and neutral models in fractal landscapes. American Naturalist 139:32-57.
    • (1992) American Naturalist , vol.139 , pp. 32-57
  • 57
    • 0001357038 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Motivation and benefits of complex systems approaches in ecology
    • --------. 1998. Motivation and benefits of complex systems approaches in ecology. Ecosystems 1:449-456.
    • (1998) Ecosystems , vol.1 , pp. 449-456
  • 58
    • 0000860909 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Detection of critical densities associated with piñon-juniper woodland ecotones
    • Milne, B. T., T. H. Keitt, C. A. Hatfield, J. David, and P. T. Hraber. 1996. Detection of critical densities associated with piñon-juniper woodland ecotones. Ecology 77:805-821.
    • (1996) Ecology , vol.77 , pp. 805-821
    • Milne, B.T.1    Keitt, T.H.2    Hatfield, C.A.3    David, J.4    Hraber, P.T.5
  • 59
  • 60
    • 17144373358 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dynamics of populations on the verge of extinction
    • Oborny, B., G. Meszéna, and G. Szabó. 2005. Dynamics of populations on the verge of extinction. Oikos 109:291-296.
    • (2005) Oikos , vol.109 , pp. 291-296
    • Oborny, B.1    Meszéna, G.2    Szabó, G.3
  • 61
    • 58849158472 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Survival of species in patchy landscapes: Percolation in space and time
    • D. Storch, P. Marquet, and J. Brown, eds. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
    • Oborny, B., G. Szabó, and G. Meszéna. 2007. Survival of species in patchy landscapes: percolation in space and time. Pages 409-440 in D. Storch, P. Marquet, and J. Brown, eds. Scaling biodiversity. Ecological Reviews. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
    • (2007) Scaling Biodiversity. Ecological Reviews. , pp. 409-440
    • Oborny, B.1    Szabó, G.2    Meszéna, G.3
  • 62
    • 7244229813 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Universality classes in nonequilibrium lattice systems
    • 3 I DOI 10.1103/RevModPhys.76.663
    • Ódor, G. 2004. Universality classes in nonequilibrium lattice systems. Reviews of Modern Physics 76:663-724. (Pubitemid 40176839)
    • (2004) Reviews of Modern Physics , vol.76 , pp. 663-724
    • Odor, G.1
  • 63
    • 0037084749 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fragmented nature: Consequences for biodiversity
    • Olff, H., and M. E. Ritchie. 2002. Fragmented nature: consequences for biodiversity. Landscape and Urban Planning 58:83-92.
    • (2002) Landscape and Urban Planning , vol.58 , pp. 83-92
    • Olff, H.1    Ritchie, M.E.2
  • 64
    • 0018306059 scopus 로고
    • THRESHOLD SELECTION METHOD from GRAY-LEVEL HISTOGRAMS
    • Otsu, N. 1979. A threshold selection method from gray-level histograms. IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man and Cybernetics 9: 62-66. (Pubitemid 9413341)
    • (1979) IEEE Trans Syst Man Cybern , vol.SMC-9 , Issue.1 , pp. 62-66
    • Otsu, N.1
  • 65
    • 0024255577 scopus 로고
    • Fractal geometry: A tool for describing spatial patterns of plant communities
    • Palmer, M. W. 1988. Fractal geometry: a tool for describing spatial patterns of plant communities. Plant Ecology 75:91-102.
    • (1988) Plant Ecology , vol.75 , pp. 91-102
    • Palmer, M.W.1
  • 66
    • 13444251640 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Empirical perspectives on species borders: From traditional biogeography to global change
    • DOI 10.1111/j.0030-1299.2005.13150.x
    • Parmesan, C., S. Gaines, L. Gonzalez, D. M. Kaufman, J. Kingsolver, A. T. Peterson, and R. Sagarin. 2005. Empirical perspectives on species borders: from traditional biogeography to climate change. Oikos 108:58-75. (Pubitemid 40198892)
    • (2005) Oikos , vol.108 , Issue.1 , pp. 58-75
    • Parmesan, C.1    Gaines, S.2    Gonzalez, L.3    Kaufman, D.M.4    Kingsolver, J.5    Peterson, A.T.6    Sagarin, R.7
  • 69
    • 0000835856 scopus 로고
    • Lacunarity indices as measures of landscape texture
    • Plotnick, R. E., R. H. Gardner, and R. V. O'Neill. 1993. Lacunarity indices as measures of landscape texture. Landscape Ecology 8: 201-211.
    • (1993) Landscape Ecology , vol.8 , pp. 201-211
    • Plotnick, R.E.1    Gardner, R.H.2    O'Neill, R.V.3
  • 70
    • 0025659704 scopus 로고
    • Movement of North Island brown kiwi (Apteryx australis mantelli) between forest remnants
    • Potter, M. A. 1990. Movement of North Island brown kiwi (Apteryx australis mantelli) between forest remnants. New Zealand Journal of Ecology 14:17-24.
    • (1990) New Zealand Journal of Ecology , vol.14 , pp. 17-24
    • Potter, M.A.1
  • 72
    • 0000960495 scopus 로고
    • The fractal nature of a diffusion front and relation to percolation
    • Sapoval, B., M. Rosso, and J. F. Gouyet. 1985. The fractal nature of a diffusion front and relation to percolation. Journal de Physique Lettres 46:149.
    • (1985) Journal de Physique Lettres , vol.46 , pp. 149
    • Sapoval, B.1    Rosso, M.2    Gouyet, J.F.3
  • 73
    • 0035527905 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Critical exponents for twodimensional percolation
    • Smirnov, S., and W. Werner. 2001. Critical exponents for twodimensional percolation. Mathematical Research Letters 8:729744.
    • (2001) Mathematical Research Letters , vol.8 , pp. 729744
    • Smirnov, S.1    Werner, W.2
  • 74
    • 34548623631 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Scaling laws in the drier
    • Solé, R. V. 2007. Scaling laws in the drier. Nature 449:151-153.
    • (2007) Nature , vol.449 , pp. 151-153
    • Solé, R.V.1
  • 75
    • 33746361552 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Self-organization in complex ecosystems
    • Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ.
    • Solé, R. V, and J. Bascompte. 2006. Self-organization in complex ecosystems. Monographs in Population Biology 42. Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ.
    • (2006) Monographs in Population Biology , vol.42
    • Solé, R.V.1    Bascompte, J.2
  • 76
    • 4444323488 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Habitat fragmentation and biodiversity collapse in neutral communities
    • DOI 10.1016/j.ecocom.2003.12.003, PII S1476945X03000084
    • Solé, R. V, D. Alonso, and J. Salda. 2004. Habitat fragmentation and biodiversity collapse in neutral communities. Ecological Complexity 1:65-75. (Pubitemid 40171926)
    • (2004) Ecological Complexity , vol.1 , Issue.1 , pp. 65-75
    • Sole, R.V.1    Alonso, D.2    Saldana, J.3
  • 77
    • 20444395496 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gap percolation in rainforests
    • Solé, R. V, F. Bartumeus, and G. P. Gamarra. 2005. Gap percolation in rainforests. Oikos 110:177-185.
    • (2005) Oikos , vol.110 , pp. 177-185
    • Solé, R.V.1    Bartumeus, F.2    Gamarra, G.P.3
  • 79
    • 54049152265 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Scaling biodiversity
    • Storch, D., P. A. Marquet, and J. Brown, eds. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
    • Storch, D., P. A. Marquet, and J. Brown, eds. 2007. Scaling biodiversity. Ecological Reviews. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
    • (2007) Ecological Reviews.
  • 81
    • 0027446074 scopus 로고
    • Subarctic forest-tundra vegetation gradients: The sigmoid wave hypothesis
    • Timoney, K. P., G. H. La Roi, and M. R. T. Dale. 1993. Subarctic forest-tundra vegetation gradients: the sigmoid wave hypothesis. Journal of Vegetation Science 4:387-394.
    • (1993) Journal of Vegetation Science , vol.4 , pp. 387-394
    • Timoney, K.P.1    La Roi, G.H.2    Dale, M.R.T.3
  • 82
    • 27444439805 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The interplay of positive and negative species interactions across an environmental gradient: Insights from an individual-based model
    • Travis, J. M. J., R. W. Brooker, and C. Dytham. 2005. The interplay of positive and negative species interactions across an environmental gradient: insights from an individual-based model. Biology Letters 1:5-8.
    • (2005) Biology Letters , vol.1 , pp. 5-8
    • Travis, J.M.J.1    Brooker, R.W.2    Dytham, C.3
  • 83
    • 0141838596 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spatial patterns of demography and genetic processes across the species' range: Null hypotheses for landscape conservation genetics
    • Vucetich, J. A., and T. A. Waite. 2003. Spatial patterns of demography and genetic processes across the species' range: null hypotheses for landscape conservation genetics. Conservation Genetics 4:639-645.
    • (2003) Conservation Genetics , vol.4 , pp. 639-645
    • Vucetich, J.A.1    Waite, T.A.2
  • 84
    • 0000640511 scopus 로고
    • Vegetation of the Santa Catalina Mountains, Arizona: A gradient analysis of the south slope
    • Whittaker, R. H. J., and W. A. Niering. 1965. Vegetation of the Santa Catalina Mountains, Arizona: a gradient analysis of the south slope. Ecology 46:429-452.
    • (1965) Ecology , vol.46 , pp. 429-452
    • Whittaker, R.H.J.1    Niering, W.A.2
  • 85
    • 33745274494 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Abrupt population changes in treeline ecotones along smooth gradients
    • DOI 10.1111/j.1365-2745.2006.01135.x
    • Wiegand, T, J. J. Camarero, N. Rüger, and E. Gutiérrez. 2006. Abrupt population changes in treeline ecotones along smooth gradients. Journal of Ecology 94:880-892. (Pubitemid 43920630)
    • (2006) Journal of Ecology , vol.94 , Issue.4 , pp. 880-892
    • Wiegand, T.1    Camarero, J.J.2    Ruger, N.3    Gutierrez, E.4
  • 86
    • 0028789594 scopus 로고
    • Landscape mosaics and ecological theory
    • L. Hansson, L. Fahrig, and G. Merriam, eds. Chapman & Hall, London.
    • Wiens, J. A. 1995. Landscape mosaics and ecological theory. Pages 1-27 in L. Hansson, L. Fahrig, and G. Merriam, eds. Mosaic landscapes and ecological processes. Chapman & Hall, London.
    • (1995) Mosaic Landscapes and Ecological Processes. , pp. 1-27
    • Wiens, J.A.1
  • 87
    • 0002004840 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Metapopulation dynamics and landscape ecology
    • I. Hanski and M. E. Gilpin, eds. Academic Press, San Diego, CA.
    • --------. 1997. Metapopulation dynamics and landscape ecology, Pages 43-68 in I. Hanski and M. E. Gilpin, eds. Metapopulation biology: ecology, genetics, and evolution. Academic Press, San Diego, CA.
    • (1997) Metapopulation Biology: Ecology, Genetics, and Evolution. , pp. 43-68
  • 89
    • 0031422118 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The application of neutral landscape models in conservation biology
    • DOI 10.1046/j.1523-1739.1997.96210.x
    • With, K. A. 1997. The application of neutral landscape models in conservation biology. Conservation Biology 11:1069-1080. (Pubitemid 28084302)
    • (1997) Conservation Biology , vol.11 , Issue.5 , pp. 1069-1080
    • With, K.A.1
  • 90
    • 0028995550 scopus 로고
    • Critical thresholds in species' responses to landscape structure
    • With, K. A., and T. O. Crist. 1995. Critical thresholds in species' responses to landscape structure. Ecology 76:2446-2459. (Pubitemid 3013452)
    • (1995) Ecology , vol.76 , Issue.8 , pp. 2446-2459
    • With, K.A.1    Crist, T.O.2
  • 91
    • 0032951414 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Extinction thresholds for species in fractal landscapes
    • DOI 10.1046/j.1523-1739.1999.013002314.x
    • With, K. A., and A. W. King. 1999. Extinction thresholds for species in fractal landscapes. Conservation Biology 13:314-326. (Pubitemid 29170795)
    • (1999) Conservation Biology , vol.13 , Issue.2 , pp. 314-326
    • With, K.A.1    King, A.W.2
  • 92
    • 0030620569 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Landscape connectivity and population distributions in heterogeneous environments
    • With, K. A., R. H. Gardner, and M. G. Turner. 1997. Landscape connectivity and population distributions in heterogeneous environments. Oikos 78:151-169. (Pubitemid 27118808)
    • (1997) Oikos , vol.78 , Issue.1 , pp. 151-169
    • With, K.A.1    Gardner, R.H.2    Turner, M.G.3
  • 93
    • 33646827539 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Endogenous fractal dynamics at alpine treeline ecotones
    • DOI 10.1111/j.1538-4632.2006.00686.x
    • Zeng, Y., and G. P. Malanson. 2006. Endogenous fractal dynamics at alpine treeline ecotones. Geographical Analysis 38:271-287. (Pubitemid 43881147)
    • (2006) Geographical Analysis , vol.38 , Issue.3 , pp. 271-287
    • Zeng, Y.1    Malanson, G.P.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.