The long arm of the family: Are parental and grandparental earnings related to young men's body mass index and cognitive ability?

International Journal of Epidemiology

Volumn 38, Issue 3, 2009, Pages 733-744

  Modin, Bitte ^a   Fritzell, Johan ^a,b  

^a STOCKHOLM UNIVERSITY   (Sweden)

^b Institute for Futures Studies   (Sweden)

Author keywords

BMI; Cognitive ability; Health inequalities; Keywords Intergenerational; Parental and grandparental income

Indexed keywords

BODY MASS; COGNITION; COHORT ANALYSIS; DATABASE; HOUSEHOLD INCOME; INDEX METHOD; LEAST SQUARES METHOD; NUMERICAL MODEL; PARENTAL INVESTMENT; REGRESSION ANALYSIS; SOCIOECONOMIC STATUS; YOUNG POPULATION;

ARTICLE; BODY MASS; COGNITION; FAMILY ASSESSMENT; GRANDPARENT; HEALTH STATUS; HUMAN; INCOME; LOWEST INCOME GROUP; MALE; PARENT; PRIORITY JOURNAL; SOCIAL STATUS; SOCIOECONOMICS; SWEDEN;

BODY COMPOSITION; BODY MASS INDEX; COGNITION; FEMALE; HUMANS; INTERGENERATIONAL RELATIONS; MALE; MILITARY PERSONNEL; MODELS, THEORETICAL; SALARIES AND FRINGE BENEFITS; SWEDEN;

EID: 66749153257     PISSN: 03005771     EISSN: 14643685     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyp001     Document Type: Article

References (56)

1. Erikson R, Goldthorpe JH. The Constant Flux: A Study of Class Mobility. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1992.
2. Erikson R, Jonson J-O. Qualifications and the Allocation Process of Young Men and Women in the Swedish Labor Market. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1998.
3. Erola J, Moisio P. Social mobility over three generations in Finland, 1950-2000. Eur Sociol Rev 2007;23:169-83.
4. Galobardes B, Smith GD, Lynch JW, Systematic review of the influence of childhood socioeconomic circumstances on risk for cardiovascular disease in adulthood. Ann Epidemiol 2006;16:91-104.
5. Galobardes B, Lynch JW, Smith GD. Is the association between childhood socioeconomic circumstances and cause-specific mortality established? Update of a systematic review. J Epidemiol Community Health 2008;62: 387-90.
6. Galobardes B, Lynch JW, Smith GD. Childhood socioeconomic circumstances and cause-specific mortality in adulthood: Systematic review and interpretation. Epidemiol Rev 2004;26:7-21.
7. Batty GD, Mortensen EL, Nybo Andersen A-M, Osler M. Childhood intelligence in relation to adult coronary heart disease and stroke risk: Evidence from a Danish birth cohort study. Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol 2005;19:452-59.
8. Kaplan AG, Turrell G, Lynch JW, Everson SA, Helkala E-L, Salonen JT. Childhood socioeconomic position and cognitive function in adulthood. Int J Epidemiol 2001;30:256-63.
9. Power C, Atherton K. Strachan DP et al. Life-course influences on health in British adults: Effects of socioeconomic position in childhood and adulthood. Int J Epidemiol 2007;36:532-39.
10. Rasmussen F, Johansson M, Hansen HO. Trends in overweight and obesity among 18-year-old males in Sweden between 1971 and 1995. Acta Paediatr 1999;88: 431-37.
11. Deary IJ, Taylor MD, Hart CL et al. Intergenerational social mobility and mid-life status attainment: Influences of childhood intelligence, childhood social factors, and education. Intelligence 2005;33:455-72.
12. Karnehed N, Rasmussen F, Hemmingsson T, Tynelius P. obesity in young adulthood is related to social mobility among Swedish men. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2008; 16:654-58.
13. Kuh D, Power C, Blane D, Bartley M. Socioeconomic Pathways Between Childhood and Adult Health. Oxford: University Press, 2004.
14. Power C, Hyppönen E, Smith GD. Socioeconomic position in childhood and early adult life and risk of mortality: A prospective study of the mothers of the 1958 British birth cohort. Am J Public Health 2005;95:1396-402.
15. Smith GD, McCarron P, Okasha M, McEwen J. Social circumstances in childhood and cardiovascular disease mortality: Prospective observational study of Glasgow University students. J Epidemiol Community Health 2001; 55:340-41.
16. Falkstedt D, Hemmingsson T, Rasmussen F, Lundberg I. Body mass index in late adolescence and its association with coronary heart disease and stroke in middle age among Swedish men. Int J Obes 2007;31 777-83.
17. Hemmingsson T, Melin B, Allebeck P, Lundberg I. The association between cognitive ability measured at ages 18-20 and mortality during 30 years of follow-up - a prospective observational study among Swedish males born 1949-51. Int J Epidemiol 2006;35:665-70.
18. Silventoinen K, Modig-Wennerstad K, Tynelius P, Rasmussen F. Association between intelligence and coronary heart disease mortality: A population-based cohort study of 682 361 Swedish men. Eur J Cardiovasc Prev Rehabil 2007;14:555-60.
19. Batty GD, Deary IJ, Gottfredson LS. Premorbid (early life) IQ and later mortality risk: Systematic review. Ann Epidemiol 2007;17 278-88.
20. Gunnell DJ, Frankel SJ, Nanchahal K, Peters TJ, Smith GD. Childhood obesity and adult cardiovascular mortality: A 57-y follow-up study based on the Boyd Orr cohort. Am J Clin Nutr 1998;67:1111-18.
21. Hart CL, Taylor MD, Smith GD et al. Childhood IQ, social class, deprivation, and their relationships with mortality and morbidity risk in later life: Prospective observational study linking the Scottish Mental Survey 1932 and the Midspan Studies. Psychosom Med 2003; 65: 877-83.
22. Lawlor DA, Martin RM, Gunnell D et al. Association of body mass index measured in childhood, adolescence, and young adulthood with risk of ischemic heart disease and stroke: Findings from 3 historical cohort studies. Am J Clin Nutr 2006;83:767-73.
23. Blanden J, Gregg P, Macmillan L. Accounting for intergenerational income persistence: Noncognitive skills, ability and education. Econ J 2007;117:C43-46.
24. Guo G. The timing of the influences of cumulative poverty on children's cognitive ability and achievement. Soc Forces 1998;77:257-88.
25. Strauss RS, Knight J. Influence of the home environment on the development of obesity in children. Pediatrics 1999;103:e85.
26. Veugelers PJ, Fitzgerald AL. Prevalence of and risk factors for childhood overweight and obesity. CMAJ 2005;173: 607-13.
27. Becker GS, Tomes N. Human capital and the rise and fall of families. J Labor Econ 1986;4:S1-39.
28. Björklund A, Jäntti M. Intergenerational income mobility in Sweden compared to the United States. Am Econ Rev 1997;87:1009-18.
29. Aughinbaugh A, Gittleman M. Does money matter? A comparison of the effect of income on child development in the United States and Great Britain. J Hum Resour 2003;XXXVIII:416-40.
30. Blau DM. The effect of income on child development. Rev Econ Stat 1999;81:261-76.
31. Lund R, Christensen U, Holstein BE, Due P, Osler M. Influence of marital history over two and three generations on early death. A longitudinal study of Danish men born in 1953. J Epidemiol Community Health 2006;60: 496-501.
32. Najman JM, Aird R, Bor W, O'Callaghan M, Williams GM, Shuttlewood GJ. The generational transmission of socioeconomic inequalities in child cognitive development and emotional health. Soc Sci Med 2004;58 1147-58.
33. Osler M, Andersen AM, Batty GD, Holstein B. Relation between early life socioeconomic position and all cause mortality in two generations. A longitudinal study of Danish men born in 1953 and their parents. J Epidemiol Community Health 2005;59:38-41.
34. Graham H, Power C. Childhood disadvantage and health inequalities: A framework for policy based on lifecourse research. Child Care Health Dev 2004;30: 671-78.
35. Brooks-Gunn J, Duncan GJ. The effects of poverty on children. Future Child 1997;7:55-71.
36. Dearing E, McCartney K, Taylor BA. Change in family income-to-needs matters more for children with less. Child Dev 2001;72 1779-93.
37. Duncan GJ, Brooks-Gunn J, Klebanov PK. Economic deprivation and early childhood development. Child Dev 1994;65:296-318.
38. Duncan GJ, Brooks-Gunn J. Family poverty, welfare reform, and child development. Child Dev 2000;71:188-96.
39. Conger RD, Ge X, Elder GH, Lorenz FO, Simons RL. Economic stress, coercive family processes, and developmental problems of adolescents. Child Dev 1994;65: 541-61.
40. Hashima PY, Amoto PR. Poverty, social support, and parental behavior. Child Dev 1994;65:394-403.
41. Sampson RJ, Laub JH. Urban poverty and the family context of delinquency: A new look at structure and process in a classic study. Child Dev 1994;65:523-40.
42. Feldman MW, Otto SP, Christiansen FB. Genes, culture and inequalities. In: Arrow K, Bowles S, Durlauf S (eds). Meritocracy and economic inequalities. Princeton: University Press, 2000.
43. Gregg P, Propper C, Washbrook E. Understanding the relationship between parental income and multiple child outcomes: A decomposition analysis. CMPO Working Paper Series. University of Bristol, 2008. pp. 1-56.
44. Yeung WJ, Linver MR, Brooks-Gunn J. How money matters for young children's development: Parental investment and family processes. Child Dev 2002;73:1861-79.
45. Wang Z, Patterson CM, Hills AP. Association between overweight or obesity and household income and parental body mass index in Australian youth: An analysis of the Australian National Nutrition Survey. Asia Pac J Clin Nutr 1995;11:200-5.
46. Merchant AT, Dehghan M, Behnke-Cook D, Anand SS. Diet, physical activity, and adiposity in children in poor and rich neighbourhoods: A cross-sectional comparison. Nutr J 2007;6:1-7.
47. http://www2.chess.su.se/ubcosmg/ (Accessed June 27, 2008).
48. Modin B, Vågerö D, Hallqvist J, Koupil I. The contribution of parental and grandparental childhood social disadvantage to circulatory disease diagnosis in young Swedish men. Soc Sci Med 2008;66 822-34.
49. Björklund A. A comparison between actual distributions of annual and lifetime income: Sweden 1951-89. Rev Inc Wealth 1993;39 377-86.
50. Coder J, Rainwater L, Smeeding T. Inequality among children and elderly in 10 modern nations - the United States in an international context. Am Econ Rev 1989; 79:329-24.
51. Fritzell J. Income inequality trends in the 1980s: A five country comparison. Acta Sociol 1993;36:47-62.
52. Jefferis B, Power C, Hertzman C. Birth weight, childhood socio-economic environment and cognitive development in the 1958 British birth cohort. Br Med J 2002; 325:305-8.
53. Noppa H, Bengtsson C. Obesity in relation to socio-economic status. A population study of women in Göteborg, Sweden. J Epidemiol Community Health 1980; 34:139-42.
54. Fritzell J. Icke av Marknaden Allena, Income Distribution in Sweden Stockholm: Almqvist & Wiksell International, 1991.
55. Fritzell J, Lennartsson C. Financial transfers between generations in Sweden. Ageing Soc 2005;25:397-414.
56. Björklund A, Jäntti M. Intergenerational income mobility and the role of family background. In: Salverda W, Nolan B, Smeeding T (eds). Oxford Handbook of Economic Inequality. Oxford: University Press, 2008.