The role of cathepsin X in cell signaling

Cell Adhesion and Migration

Volumn 3, Issue 2, 2009, Pages 164-166

  Kos, Janko ^a,b   Jevnikar, Zala ^a   Obermajer, Nataša ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF LJUBLJANA   (Slovenia)

^b JO EF STEFAN INSTITUTE   (Slovenia)

Author keywords

Adhesion; Cathepsin X; Dendritic cell; Enolase; Integrin; Macrophage; Migration; Neuritogenesis; T lymphocyte

Indexed keywords

ALPHA ENOLASE; CARBOXYPEPTIDASE; CATHEPSIN; CATHEPSIN X; CD11B ANTIGEN; CD18 ANTIGEN; FIBRINOGEN; INTEGRIN RECEPTOR; LYMPHOCYTE FUNCTION ASSOCIATED ANTIGEN 1; NEURON SPECIFIC ENOLASE; PROTEIN SUBUNIT; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG;

ADAPTIVE IMMUNITY; BETA CHAIN; CARBOXY TERMINAL SEQUENCE; CELL AGGREGATION; CELL MATURATION; CELL SURVIVAL; CYTOSKELETON; DENDRITIC CELL; ENZYME ACTIVITY; ENZYME SUBSTRATE; GROWTH REGULATION; HUMAN; LEUKOCYTE ADHERENCE; LYMPHOCYTE MIGRATION; LYMPHOCYTE PROLIFERATION; LYMPHOCYTE STRUCTURE; MACROPHAGE; MONOCYTE; NERVE CELL; NERVE FIBER GROWTH; NEUROTROPISM; NOTE; PHAGOCYTOSIS; PROTEIN CLEAVAGE; PROTEIN FUNCTION; PROTEIN MOTIF; SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION;

EID: 66749093488     PISSN: 19336918     EISSN: 19336926     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.4161/cam.3.2.7403     Document Type: Note

References (30)

1. Barrett AJ, Rawlings ND, Woessner JF. The Handbook of Proteolytic Enzymes: 2nd ed. Amsterdam, Elsevier 2004.
2. Kos J and Lah T. Cystatins in Cancer, In: Human stefins and cystatins, Žerovnik E, Kopitar Jerala N, Uversky V, eds. New York, Nova Science Publisher 2006; 153-165
3. Turk V, Kos J, Turk B. Cysteine cathepsins (proteases)-On the main stage of cancer? Cancer Cell 2004; 5:409-410
4. Santamaria I, Velasco G, Pendas AM, Fueyo A and Lopez-Otin C. Cathepsin Z, a novel human cysteine proteinase with a short propeptide domain and a unique chromosomal location. J Biol Chem 1998; 273:16816-16823 (Pubitemid 28311709)
5. Nagler DK and Menard R. Human cathepsin X: a novel cysteine protease of the papain family with a very short proregion and unique insertions. FEBS Lett 1998; 434:135-139 (Pubitemid 28404676)
6. Guncar G, Klemencic I, Turk B, Turk V, Karaoglanovic-Carmona A, Juliano L, et al. Crystal structure of cathepsin X: a flip-flop of the ring of His23 allows carboxy-monopeptidase and carboxy-dipeptidase activity of the protease. Structure 2000; 8:305-313 (Pubitemid 30148696)
7. Sivaraman J, Nagler DK, Zhang R, Menard R, Cygler M. Crystal structure of human procathepsin X: a cysteine protease with the proregion covalently linked to the active site cysteine. J Mol Biol 2000; 295:939-951
8. Nagler DK, Zhang R, Tam W, Sulea T, Purisima EO, Menard R. Human cathepsin X: A cysteine protease with unique carboxypeptidase activity. Biochemistry 1999; 38:12648-12654 (Pubitemid 129515561)
9. Klemencic I, Carmona AK, Cezari MH, Juliano MA, Juliano L, Guncar G, et al. Biochemical characterization of human cathepsin X revealed that the enzyme is an exopeptidase, acting as carboxymonopeptidase or carboxydipeptidase. Eur J Biochem 2000; 267:5404-5412
10. Kos J, Sekirnik A, Premzl A, Zavasnik-Bergant V, Langerholc T, Turk B, et al. Carboxypeptidases cathepsins X and B display distinct protein profile in human cells and tissues. Exp Cell Res 2005; 306:103-113 (Pubitemid 40692776)
11. Nagler DK, Kruger S, Kellner A, Ziomek E, Menard R, Buhtz P, et al. Upregulation of cathepsin X in prostate cancer and prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia. Prostate 2004; 60:109-119 (Pubitemid 38758576)
12. Buhling F, Peitz U, Kruger S, Kuster D, Vieth M, Gebert I, et al. Cathepsins K, L, B, X and W are differentially expressed in normal and chronically inflamed gastric mucosa. Biol Chem 2004; 385:439-445
13. Krueger S, Kalinski T, Hundertmark T, Wex T, Kuster D, Peitz U, et al. Upregulation of cathepsin X in Helicobacter pylori gastritis and gastric cancer. J Pathol 2005; 207:32-42.
14. Wendt W, Zhu XR, Lubbert H, Stichel CC. Differential expression of cathepsin X in aging and pathological central nervous system of mice. Exp Neurol 2007; 204:525-540 (Pubitemid 46497060)
15. Nascimento FD, Rizzi CC, Nantes IL, Stefe I, Turk B, Carmona AK, et al. Cathepsin X binds to cell surface heparan sulfate proteoglycans. Arch Biochem Biophys 2005; 436:323-332 (Pubitemid 40576272)
16. Obermajer N, Premzl A, Zavasnik-Bergant T, Turk B, Kos J. Carboxypeptidase cathepsin X mediates beta2-integrin-dependent adhesion of differentiated U-937 cells. Exp Cell Res 2006; 312:2515-2527 (Pubitemid 44036802)
17. Lechner AM, Assfalg-Machleidt I, Zahler S, Stoeckelhuber M, Machleidt W, Jochum M, et al. RGD-dependent binding of procathepsin X to integrin alphavbeta3 mediates cell-adhesive properties. J Biol Chem 2006; 281:39588-39597
18. Burns S, Hardy SJ, Buddle J, Yong KL, Jones GE, Trasher AJ. Maturation of DC is associated with changes in motile characteristics and adherence. Cell Motil Cytoskeleton 2004; 57:118-132 (Pubitemid 38134052)
19. Obermajer N, Švajger U, Jeras M, Bogyo M, Kos J. Maturation of dendritic cells depends on proteolytic cleavage by cathepsin X. J Leukocyte Biol 2008; 84:1306-1315
20. Porter JC, Bracke M, Smith A, Davies D, Hogg N. Relationship of F-actin distribution to development of polar shape in human polymorphonuclear neutrophils. J Immunol 2002; 168:6330-6335
21. Coates TD, Watts RG, Hartman R, Howard TH. Relationship of F-actin distribution to development of polar shape in human polymorphonuclear neutrophils. J Cell Biol 1992; 117:765-774
22. Obermajer N, Repnik U, Jevnikar Z, Kreft M, Kos J. Immunosupressive activity of cysteine protease cathepsin X via activation of beta-2 integrins. Immunology 2008; 124:76-88.
23. Jevnikar Z, Obermajer N, Bogyo M, Kos J. The role of cathepsin X in the aggregation, migration and invasiveness of T-lymphocytes. J Cell Science 2008; 121:2652-2661
24. Victor BC and Sloane BF. Cysteine cathepsin non-inhibitory binding partners: modulating intracellular trafficking and function. Biol Chem 2007; 388:1131-1140 (Pubitemid 350059626)
25. Devanathan G, Turnbull JL, Ziomek E, Purisima EO, Ménard R, Sulea T. Carboxymonopeptidase substrate specificity of human cathepsin X. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2005; 329:445-452 (Pubitemid 40311765)
26. Therrien C, Lachance P, Sulea T, Purisima EO, Qi H, Ziomek E, et al. Cathepsins X and B can be differentiated through their respective mono- and dipeptidyl carboxypeptidase activities. Biochemistry 2001; 40:2702-2711 (Pubitemid 32198272)
27. Puzer L, Cotrin SS, Cezari MH, Hirata IY, Juliano MA, Stefe I, et al. Recombinant human cathepsin X is a carboxymonopeptidase only: a comparison with cathepsins B and L. Biol Chem 2005; 386:1191-1195 (Pubitemid 41705374)
28. Wiedemann A, Patel JC, Lim J, Tsun A, van Kooyk Y, Caron E. Two distinct cytoplasmic regions of the beta2 integrin chain regulate RhoA function during phagocytosis. J Cell Biol2006; 172:1069-1079
29. Liu S, Calderwood DA, Ginsberg MH. Integrin cytoplasmic domain-binding proteins. J Cell Sci 2000; 113:3563-3571
30. Obermajer N, Jevnikar Z, Doljak B, Kos J. Role of cysteine cathepsins in matrix degradation and cell signaling. Connective Tissue Res 2008; 49:193-196