메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 101, Issue 6, 2009, Pages 2907-2923

Dynamics of primate oculomotor plant revealed by effects of abducens microstimulation

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ABDUCENS NUCLEUS; ANIMAL EXPERIMENT; ARTICLE; BEHAVIORAL SCIENCE; CONTROLLED STUDY; EYE MOVEMENT CONTROL; EYE POSITION; MUSCLE TETANIC CONTRACTION; NERVE STIMULATION; NONHUMAN; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RHESUS MONKEY; VISCOELASTICITY;

EID: 66349087103     PISSN: 00223077     EISSN: 15221598     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1152/jn.91045.2008     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (18)

References (57)
  • 1
    • 0016355478 scopus 로고
    • New look at statistical-model identification
    • Akaike H. New look at statistical-model identification. IEEE Trans Autom Control 19: 716-723, 1974.
    • (1974) IEEE Trans Autom Control , vol.19 , pp. 716-723
    • Akaike, H.1
  • 3
    • 66349087249 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nonlinearities in primate oculomotor plant revealed by effects of abducens microstimulation
    • Program No. 345.15. Washington, DC: Society for Neuroscience, Online
    • Anderson SR, Gandhi NJ, Sparks DL, Porrill J, Dean P. Nonlinearities in primate oculomotor plant revealed by effects of abducens microstimulation. Program No. 345.15. 2006 Abstract Viewer/Itinerary Planner. Washington, DC: Society for Neuroscience, 2006. Online.
    • (2006) 2006 Abstract Viewer/Itinerary Planner
    • Anderson, S.R.1    Gandhi, N.J.2    Sparks, D.L.3    Porrill, J.4    Dean, P.5
  • 4
    • 1642458196 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Control of eye orientation: Where does the brain's role end and the muscle's begin?
    • DOI 10.1111/j.1460-9568.2004.03068.x
    • Angelaki DE, Hess BJM. Control of eye orientation: where does the brain's role end and the muscle's begin? Eur J Neurosci 19: 1-10, 2004. (Pubitemid 38122066)
    • (2004) European Journal of Neuroscience , vol.19 , Issue.1 , pp. 1-10
    • Angelaki, D.E.1    Hess, B.J.M.2
  • 5
    • 0019823467 scopus 로고
    • Mechanical properties of the isolated inferior oblique muscle of the rabbit
    • Asmussen G, Gaunitz U. Mechanical properties of the isolated inferior oblique muscle of the rabbit. Pflügers Arch 392: 183-190, 1981. (Pubitemid 12194863)
    • (1981) Pflugers Archiv European Journal of Physiology , vol.392 , Issue.2 , pp. 183-190
    • Asmussen, G.1    Gaunitz, U.2
  • 6
    • 0015152827 scopus 로고
    • Tension and rate of tension development during isometric responses of extraocular muscle
    • Barmack NH, Bell CC, Rence BG. Tension and rate of tension development during isometric responses of extraocular muscle. J Neurophysiol 34: 1072-1079, 1971.
    • (1971) J Neurophysiol , vol.34 , pp. 1072-1079
    • Barmack, N.H.1    Bell, C.C.2    Rence, B.G.3
  • 7
    • 35648957651 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Anatomic and physiological characteristics of the ferret lateral rectus muscle and abducens nucleus
    • DOI 10.1152/japplphysiol.00580.2007
    • Bishop KN, McClung JR, Goldberg SJ, Shall MS. Anatomic and physiological characteristics of the ferret lateral rectus muscle and abducens nucleus. J Appl Physiol 103: 1706-1714, 2007. (Pubitemid 350033856)
    • (2007) Journal of Applied Physiology , vol.103 , Issue.5 , pp. 1706-1714
    • Bishop, K.N.1    McClung, J.R.2    Goldberg, S.J.3    Shall, M.S.4
  • 8
    • 0032831309 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Measured and modeled properties of mammalian skeletal muscle. I. the effects of post-activation potentiation on the time course and velocity dependencies of force production
    • DOI 10.1023/A:1005590901220
    • Brown IE, Loeb GE. Measured and modeled properties of mammalian skeletal muscle: I. The effects of post-activation potentiation on the time course and velocity dependencies of force production. J Muscle Res Cell Motil 20: 443-456, 1999. (Pubitemid 29476300)
    • (1999) Journal of Muscle Research and Cell Motility , vol.20 , Issue.5-6 , pp. 443-456
    • Brown, I.E.1    Loeb, G.E.2
  • 9
    • 0034050438 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Measured and modeled properties of mammalian skeletal muscle: IV. Dynamics of activation and deactivation
    • DOI 10.1023/A:1005687416896
    • Brown IE, Loeb GE. Measured and modeled properties of mammalian skeletal muscle: IV. Dynamics of activation and deactivation. J Muscle Res Cell Motil 21: 33-47, 2000. (Pubitemid 30224407)
    • (2000) Journal of Muscle Research and Cell Motility , vol.21 , Issue.1 , pp. 33-47
    • Brown, I.E.1    Loeb, G.E.2
  • 10
    • 0000581033 scopus 로고
    • The rate of tension development in isometric tetanic contractions of mammalian fast and slow skeletal muscle
    • Buller AJ, Lewis DM. The rate of tension development in isometric tetanic contractions of mammalian fast and slow skeletal muscle. J Physiol 176: 337-354, 1965.
    • (1965) J Physiol , vol.176 , pp. 337-354
    • Buller, A.J.1    Lewis, D.M.2
  • 11
    • 66349103385 scopus 로고
    • Representation of nonlinear systems: The NARMAX model
    • Chen S, Billings SA. Representation of nonlinear systems: the NARMAX model. Int J Control 49: 303-344, 1985.
    • (1985) Int J Control , vol.49 , pp. 303-344
    • Chen, S.1    Billings, S.A.2
  • 12
    • 0003121452 scopus 로고
    • Orbital mechanics
    • edited by Bach-y-Rita P, Collins CC, Hyde JE. New York: Academic Press
    • Collins CC. Orbital mechanics. In: The Control of Eye Movements, edited by Bach-y-Rita P, Collins CC, Hyde JE. New York: Academic Press, 1971, p. 283-325.
    • (1971) The Control of Eye Movements , pp. 283-325
    • Collins, C.C.1
  • 14
    • 0000235382 scopus 로고
    • The isometric responses of mammalian muscles
    • Cooper S, Eccles JC. The isometric responses of mammalian muscles. J Physiol 69: 375-385, 1930.
    • (1930) J Physiol , vol.69 , pp. 375-385
    • Cooper, S.1    Eccles, J.C.2
  • 15
    • 0029842346 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Motor unit recruitment in a distributed model of extraocular muscle
    • Dean P. Motor unit recruitment in a distributed model of extraocular muscle. J Neurophysiol 76: 727-742, 1996. (Pubitemid 26284566)
    • (1996) Journal of Neurophysiology , vol.76 , Issue.2 , pp. 727-742
    • Dean, P.1
  • 16
    • 0033059889 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Optimality of position commands to horizontal eye muscles: A test of the minimum-norm rule
    • Dean P, Porrill J, Warren PA. Optimality of static force control by horizontal eye muscles: a test of the minimum norm rule. J Neurophysiol 81: 735-757, 1999. (Pubitemid 29264518)
    • (1999) Journal of Neurophysiology , vol.81 , Issue.2 , pp. 735-757
    • Dean, P.1    Porrill, J.2    Warren, P.A.3
  • 17
    • 33750147308 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evidence supporting extraocular muscle pulleys: Refuting the platygean view of extraocular muscle mechanics
    • Demer JL. Evidence supporting extraocular muscle pulleys: refuting the platygean view of extraocular muscle mechanics. J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus 43: 296-305, 2006. (Pubitemid 44600176)
    • (2006) Journal of Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus , vol.43 , Issue.5 , pp. 296-305
    • Demer, J.L.1
  • 20
    • 0014118332 scopus 로고
    • Saccadic and smooth pursuit eye movements in the monkey
    • Fuchs AF. Saccadic and smooth pursuit eye movements in the monkey. J Physiol 191: 609-631, 1967.
    • (1967) J Physiol , vol.191 , pp. 609-631
    • Fuchs, A.F.1
  • 21
    • 0015166452 scopus 로고
    • Development of isometric tension in simian extraocular muscle
    • Fuchs AF, Luschei ES. Development of isometric tension in simian extraocular muscle. J Physiol 219: 155-166, 1971.
    • (1971) J Physiol , vol.219 , pp. 155-166
    • Fuchs, A.F.1    Luschei, E.S.2
  • 22
    • 0024270444 scopus 로고
    • Discharge patterns and recruitment order of identified motoneurons and internuclear neurons in the monkey abducens nucleus
    • Fuchs AF, Scudder CA, Kaneko CRS. Discharge patterns and recruitment order of identified motoneurons and internuclear neurons in the monkey abducens nucleus. J Neurophysiol 60: 1874-1895, 1988. (Pubitemid 19017455)
    • (1988) Journal of Neurophysiology , vol.60 , Issue.6 , pp. 1874-1895
    • Fuchs, A.F.1    Scudder, C.A.2    Kaneko, C.R.S.3
  • 23
    • 46649089907 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Coordination of eye and head components of movements evoked by stimulation of the paramedian pontine reticular formation
    • Gandhi NJ, Barton EJ, Sparks DL. Coordination of eye and head components of movements evoked by stimulation of the paramedian pontine reticular formation. Exp Brain Res 189: 35-47, 2008.
    • (2008) Exp Brain Res , vol.189 , pp. 35-47
    • Gandhi, N.J.1    Barton, E.J.2    Sparks, D.L.3
  • 24
    • 34447566920 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dissociation of eye and head components of gaze shifts by stimulation of the omnipause neuron region
    • DOI 10.1152/jn.00252.2007
    • Gandhi NJ, Sparks DL. Dissociation of eye and head components of gaze shifts by stimulation of the omnipause neuron region. J Neurophysiol 98: 360-373, 2007. (Pubitemid 47084826)
    • (2007) Journal of Neurophysiology , vol.98 , Issue.1 , pp. 360-373
    • Gandhi, N.J.1    Sparks, D.L.2
  • 25
    • 0032535050 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Extraocular motor unit and whole-muscle responses in the lateral rectus muscle of the squirrel monkey
    • Goldberg SJ, Meredith MA, Shall MS. Extraocular motor units and whole-muscle responses in the lateral rectus muscle of the squirrel monkey. J Neurosci 18: 10629-10639, 1998. (Pubitemid 29016580)
    • (1998) Journal of Neuroscience , vol.18 , Issue.24 , pp. 10629-10639
    • Goldberg, S.J.1    Alex Meredith, M.2    Shall, M.S.3
  • 27
    • 0036037322 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Estimation of premotor synaptic drives to simulated abducens motoneurons for control of eye position
    • DOI 10.1007/s00221-002-1176-8
    • Hazel TR, Sklavos SG, Dean P. Estimation of premotor synaptic drives to simulated abducens motoneurons for control of eye position. Exp Brain Res 146: 184-196, 2002. (Pubitemid 34994860)
    • (2002) Experimental Brain Research , vol.146 , Issue.2 , pp. 184-196
    • Hazel, T.R.1    Sklavos, S.G.2    Dean, P.3
  • 28
    • 34548767505 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ocular myasthenia revisited: Insights from pseudo-internuclear ophthalmoplegia
    • DOI 10.1007/s00415-007-0591-y
    • Khanna S, Liao K, Kaminski HJ, Tomsak RL, Joshi A, Leigh RJ. Ocular myasthenia revisited: insights from pseudo-internuclear ophthalmoplegia. J Neurol 254: 1569-1574, 2007. (Pubitemid 350159902)
    • (2007) Journal of Neurology , vol.254 , Issue.11 , pp. 1569-1574
    • Khanna, S.1    Liao, K.2    Kaminski, H.J.3    Tomsak, R.L.4    Joshi, A.5    Leigh, R.J.6
  • 29
    • 33644818238 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Three-dimensional kinematics at the level of the oculomotor plant
    • DOI 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.3610-05.2006
    • Klier EM, Meng H, Angelaki DE. Three-dimensional kinematics at the level of the oculomotor plant. J Neurosci 26: 2732-2737, 2006. (Pubitemid 43357856)
    • (2006) Journal of Neuroscience , vol.26 , Issue.10 , pp. 2732-2737
    • Klier, E.M.1    Meng, H.2    Angelaki, D.E.3
  • 30
    • 0015949502 scopus 로고
    • Mechanical studies on the retractor bulbi muscle and its motor units in the cat
    • Lennerstrand G. Mechanical studies on the retractor bulbi muscle and its motor units in the cat. J Physiol 236: 43-55, 1974.
    • (1974) J Physiol , vol.236 , pp. 43-55
    • Lennerstrand, G.1
  • 31
    • 35348853173 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evidence from retractor bulbi EMG for linearized motor control of conditioned nictitating membrane responses
    • DOI 10.1152/jn.00210.2007
    • Lepora NF, Mavritsaki E, Porrill J, Yeo CH, Evinger C, Dean P. Evidence from retractor bulbi EMG for linearized motor control of conditioned nictitating membrane responses. J Neurophysiol 98: 2074-2088, 2007. (Pubitemid 47584394)
    • (2007) Journal of Neurophysiology , vol.98 , Issue.4 , pp. 2074-2088
    • Lepora, N.F.1    Mavritsaki, E.2    Porrill, J.3    Yeo, C.H.4    Evinger, C.5    Dean, P.6
  • 32
    • 37549013751 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of initial eye position on saccade-related behavior of abducens nucleus neurons in the primate
    • Ling L, Fuchs AF, Siebold C, Dean P. Effects of initial eye position on saccade-related behavior of abducens nucleus neurons in the primate. J Neurophysiol 98: 3581-3599, 2007.
    • (2007) J Neurophysiol , vol.98 , pp. 3581-3599
    • Ling, L.1    Fuchs, A.F.2    Siebold, C.3    Dean, P.4
  • 33
    • 33846888275 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Response linearity determined by recruitment strategy in detailed model of nictitating membrane control
    • DOI 10.1007/s00422-006-0105-5
    • Mavritsaki E, Lepora NF, Porrill J, Yeo CH, Dean P. Response linearity determined by recruitment strategy in detailed model of nictitating membrane control. Biol Cybern 96: 39-57, 2007. (Pubitemid 46219198)
    • (2007) Biological Cybernetics , vol.96 , Issue.1 , pp. 39-57
    • Mavritsaki, E.1    Lepora, N.2    Porrill, J.3    Yeo, C.H.4    Dean, P.5
  • 34
    • 0036085996 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Missing lateral rectus force and absence of medial rectus co-contraction in ocular convergence
    • Miller JM, Bockisch CJ, Pavlovski DS. Missing lateral rectus force and absence of medial rectus co-contraction in ocular convergence. J Neurophysiol 87: 2421-2433, 2002. (Pubitemid 34670713)
    • (2002) Journal of Neurophysiology , vol.87 , Issue.5 , pp. 2421-2433
    • Miller, J.M.1    Bockisch, C.J.2    Pavlovski, D.S.3
  • 36
    • 0017279016 scopus 로고
    • Improvement in linearity and regulation of stiffness that results from actions of stretch reflex
    • Nichols TR, Houk JC. Improvement in linearity and regulation of stiffness that results from actions of stretch reflex. J Neurophysiol 39: 119-142, 1976.
    • (1976) J Neurophysiol , vol.39 , pp. 119-142
    • Nichols, T.R.1    Houk, J.C.2
  • 37
    • 0029329130 scopus 로고
    • New models of the oculomotor mechanics based on data obtained with chronic muscle force transducers
    • Pfann KD, Keller EL, Miller JM. New models of the oculomotor mechanics based on data obtained with chronic muscle force transducers. Ann Biomed Eng 23: 346-358, 1995.
    • (1995) Ann Biomed Eng , vol.23 , pp. 346-358
    • Pfann, K.D.1    Keller, E.L.2    Miller, J.M.3
  • 38
    • 0017811548 scopus 로고
    • Oculomotor signals in medial longitudinal fasciculus of the monkey
    • Pola J, Robinson DA. Oculomotor signals in medial longitudinal fasciculus of the monkey. J Neurophysiol 41: 245-259, 1978. (Pubitemid 8318187)
    • (1978) Journal of Neurophysiology , vol.41 , Issue.2 , pp. 245-259
    • Pola, J.1    Robinson, D.A.2
  • 39
    • 0033762769 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A simple control law generates Listing's positions in a detailed model of the extraocular muscle system
    • Porrill J, Warren PA, Dean P. A simple control law generates Listing's positions in a detailed model of the extraocular muscle system. Vision Res 40: 3743-3758, 2000.
    • (2000) Vision Res , vol.40 , pp. 3743-3758
    • Porrill, J.1    Warren, P.A.2    Dean, P.3
  • 41
    • 78651166852 scopus 로고
    • The mechanics of human saccadic eye movement
    • Robinson DA. The mechanics of human saccadic eye movement. J Physiol 174: 245-264, 1964.
    • (1964) J Physiol , vol.174 , pp. 245-264
    • Robinson, D.A.1
  • 42
    • 0013809643 scopus 로고
    • The mechanics of human smooth pursuit eye movement
    • Robinson DA. The mechanics of human smooth pursuit eye movement. J Physiol 180: 569-591, 1965.
    • (1965) J Physiol , vol.180 , pp. 569-591
    • Robinson, D.A.1
  • 43
    • 0014333357 scopus 로고
    • A note on the oculomotor pathway
    • Robinson DA. A note on the oculomotor pathway. Exp Neurol 22: 130-132, 1968.
    • (1968) Exp Neurol , vol.22 , pp. 130-132
    • Robinson, D.A.1
  • 44
    • 0002740274 scopus 로고
    • Models of the mechanics of eye movements
    • edited by Zuber BL. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press
    • Robinson DA. Models of the mechanics of eye movements. In: Models of Oculomotor Behaviour, edited by Zuber BL. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, 1981, p. 21-41.
    • (1981) Models of Oculomotor Behaviour , pp. 21-41
    • Robinson, D.A.1
  • 45
    • 0041665225 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Extraocular motor unit and wholemuscle contractile properties in the squirrel monkey
    • Shall MS, Dimitrova DM, Goldberg SJ. Extraocular motor unit and wholemuscle contractile properties in the squirrel monkey. Exp Brain Res 151: 338-345, 2003.
    • (2003) Exp Brain Res , vol.151 , pp. 338-345
    • Shall, M.S.1    Dimitrova, D.M.2    Goldberg, S.J.3
  • 46
    • 0026733411 scopus 로고
    • Extraocular motor units: Type classification and motoneuron stimulation frequency-muscle unit force relationships
    • Shall MS, Goldberg SJ. Extraocular motor units: type classification and motoneuron stimulation frequency-muscle unit force relationships. Brain Res 587: 291-300, 1992.
    • (1992) Brain Res , vol.587 , pp. 291-300
    • Shall, M.S.1    Goldberg, S.J.2
  • 47
    • 0030422443 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Extraocular motoneuron stimulation frequency effects on motor unit tension in cat
    • Shall MS, Wilson KE, Goldberg SJ. Extraocular motoneuron stimulation frequency effects on motor unit tension in cat. Acta Anat 157: 217-225, 1996. (Pubitemid 27288283)
    • (1996) Acta Anatomica , vol.157 , Issue.3 , pp. 217-225
    • Shall, M.S.1    Wilson, K.E.2    Goldberg, S.J.3
  • 48
    • 0029924427 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Robinson's computerized strabismus model comes of age
    • Simonsz HJ, Spekreise H. Robinson's computerized strabismus model comes of age. Strabismus 4: 25-40, 1996. (Pubitemid 26139573)
    • (1996) Strabismus , vol.4 , Issue.1 , pp. 25-40
    • Simonsz, H.J.1    Spekreijse, H.2
  • 49
    • 33644870705 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Long time-constant behavior of the oculomotor plant in barbiturate- Anesthetized primate
    • DOI 10.1152/jn.00584.2005
    • Sklavos S, Dimitrova DM, Goldberg SJ, Porrill J, Dean P. Long time-constant behavior of the oculomotor plant in barbiturate-anesthetized primate. J Neurophysiol 95: 774-782, 2006. (Pubitemid 44699082)
    • (2006) Journal of Neurophysiology , vol.95 , Issue.2 , pp. 774-782
    • Sklavos, S.1    Dimitrova, D.M.2    Goldberg, S.J.3    Porrill, J.4    Dean, P.5
  • 50
    • 66349139112 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mechanics of oculomotor plant estimated from effects of abducens microstimulation
    • Program No. 463.5. Washington, DC: Society for Neuroscience, Online
    • Sklavos S, Gandhi NJ, Sparks DL, Porrill J, Dean P. Mechanics of oculomotor plant estimated from effects of abducens microstimulation. Program No. 463.5. 2002 Abstract Viewer/Itinerary Planner. Washington, DC: Society for Neuroscience, 2002, Online.
    • (2002) 2002 Abstract Viewer/Itinerary Planner
    • Sklavos, S.1    Gandhi, N.J.2    Sparks, D.L.3    Porrill, J.4    Dean, P.5
  • 51
    • 15244352200 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evidence for wide range of time scales in oculomotor plant dynamics: Implications for models of eye-movement control
    • DOI 10.1016/j.visres.2005.01.005
    • Sklavos S, Porrill J, Kaneko CRS, Dean P. Evidence for a wide range of time scales in oculomotor plant dynamics: Implications for models of eye-movement control. Vision Res 45: 1525-1542, 2005. (Pubitemid 40386726)
    • (2005) Vision Research , vol.45 , Issue.12 , pp. 1525-1542
    • Sklavos, S.1    Porrill, J.2    Kaneko, C.R.S.3    Dean, P.4
  • 52
    • 0020657107 scopus 로고
    • Spatial localization of saccade targets. I. Compensation for stimulation-induced perturbations in eye position
    • Sparks DL, Mays LE. Spatial localization of saccade targets. I. Compensation for stimulation-induced perturbations in eye position. J Neurophysiol 49: 45-63, 1983. (Pubitemid 13152925)
    • (1983) Journal of Neurophysiology , vol.49 , Issue.1 , pp. 45-63
    • Sparks, D.L.1    Mays, L.E.2
  • 53
    • 0028959582 scopus 로고
    • Dynamics of abducens nucleus neurons in the awake rabbit
    • Stahl JS, Simpson JI. Dynamics of abducens nucleus neurons in the awake rabbit. J Neurophysiol 73: 1383-1395, 1995.
    • (1995) J Neurophysiol , vol.73 , pp. 1383-1395
    • Stahl, J.S.1    Simpson, J.I.2
  • 54
    • 0023772603 scopus 로고
    • The contractile properties and movement dynamics of pigeon eye muscle
    • DOI 10.1007/BF00582514
    • Stelling J, McVean A. The contractile properties and movement dynamics of pigeon eye muscle. Pflügers Arch 412: 314-321, 1988. (Pubitemid 18196386)
    • (1988) Pflugers Archiv European Journal of Physiology , vol.412 , Issue.3 , pp. 314-321
    • Stelling, J.1    McVean, A.2
  • 55
    • 0032719390 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Quantitative analysis of abducens neuron discharge dynamics during saccadic and slow eye movements
    • Sylvestre PA, Cullen KE. Quantitative analysis of abducens neuron discharge dynamics during saccadic and slow eye movements. J Neurophysiol 82: 2612-2632, 1999.
    • (1999) J Neurophysiol , vol.82 , pp. 2612-2632
    • Sylvestre, P.A.1    Cullen, K.E.2
  • 56
    • 0009924391 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Subtle nonlinear neuromuscular properties are consistent with teleological design principles
    • edited by Winters JM, Crago P. New York: Springer-Verlag
    • Winters JM. Subtle nonlinear neuromuscular properties are consistent with teleological design principles. In: Biomechanics and Neural Control of Posture and Movement, edited by Winters JM, Crago P. New York: Springer-Verlag, 2000, p. 100-112.
    • (2000) Biomechanics and Neural Control of Posture and Movement , pp. 100-112
    • Winters, J.M.1
  • 57
    • 0014764982 scopus 로고
    • Relations between extraocular muscle contraction and extension times in each phase of nystagmus
    • Yamanaka Y, Bach-y-Rita P. Relations between extraocular muscle contraction and extension times in each phase of nystagmus. Exp Neurol 27: 57-65, 1970.
    • (1970) Exp Neurol , vol.27 , pp. 57-65
    • Yamanaka, Y.1    Bach-y-Rita, P.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.