Anatomic and physiological characteristics of the ferret lateral rectus muscle and abducens nucleus

Journal of Applied Physiology

Volumn 103, Issue 5, 2007, Pages 1706-1714

  Bishop, Keith N ^a   McClung, J Ross ^a   Goldberg, Stephen J ^a   Shall, Mary S ^a  

^a VIRGINIA COMMONWEALTH UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

Extraocular; Eye movement; Motoneuron; Oculomotor

Indexed keywords

CHOLERA TOXIN B SUBUNIT; HORSERADISH PEROXIDASE;

ABDUCENS NERVE; ANIMAL EXPERIMENT; ANIMAL TISSUE; ARTICLE; CAT; CONJUGATION; CONTROLLED STUDY; EXTRAOCULAR MUSCLE; FERRET; HISTOCHEMISTRY; MALE; MOTONEURON; MOTOR UNIT; MUSCLE CONTRACTILITY; MUSCLE FATIGUE; MUSCLE INNERVATION; MUSCLE TETANIC CONTRACTION; MUSCLE TWITCH; NEUROANATOMY; NEUROPHYSIOLOGY; NONHUMAN; PRIORITY JOURNAL; SQUIRREL MONKEY; VISUAL SYSTEM;

ABDUCENS NERVE; ANIMALS; CATS; ELECTRIC STIMULATION; EYE MOVEMENTS; FERRETS; MALE; MOTOR NEURONS; MUSCLE CONTRACTION; MUSCLE FATIGUE; MUSCLE FIBERS; MUSCLE STRENGTH; OCULOMOTOR MUSCLES; PONS; SAIMIRI; TIME FACTORS;

EID: 35648957651     PISSN: 87507587     EISSN: 15221601     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00580.2007     Document Type: Article

References (56)

1. Alvardo-Mallart R, Pincon-Raymond M. Nerve endings on the intramuscular tendons of cat extraocular muscles. Neurosci Lett 2: 121-125, 1976.
2. Apfelbach R, Wester U. Quantitative effect of visual and tactile stimuli on prey-catching behavior of ferrets (Putorius Furo L). Behav Processes 2: 187-200, 1977.
3. Barmack NH. Recruitment and suprathreshold frequency modulation of single extraocular muscle fibers in the rabbit. J Neurophysiol 40: 779-790, 1977.
4. Barmack NH, Bell CC, Rence BG. Tension and rate of tension development during isometric responses of extraocular muscle. J Neurophysiol 34: 1072-1079, 1971.
5. Botterman BR, Iwamoto GA, Gonyea WJ. Gradation of isometric tension by different activation rates in motor units of cat flexor carpi radialis muscle. J Neurophysiol 56: 494-506, 1986.
6. Buller AJ, Lewis DM. The rate of tension development in isometric tetanic contractions of mammalian fast and slow skeletal muscle. J Physiol 176: 337-354, 1965.
7. Burke RE. Motor unit types of cat triceps surae muscle. J Physiol 193: 141-160, 1967.
8. Burke RE, Levine DN, Tsairis P, Zajac FE III. Physiological types and histochemical profiles in motor units of the cat gastrocnemius. J Physiol 234: 723-748, 1973.
9. Burke RE, Levine DN, Zajac FE III. Mammalian motor units: physiological-histochemical correlation in three types in cat gastrocnemius. Science 174: 709-712, 1971.
10. Chapman B. Necessity for afferent activity to maintain eye-specific segregation in ferret lateral geniculate nucleus. Science 287: 2479-2482, 2000.
11. Clamann HP. Motor unit recruitment and the gradation of muscle force. Phys Ther 73: 830-843, 1993.
12. Close RI, Luff AR. Dynamic properties of inferior rectus muscle of the rat. J Physiol 236: 259-270, 1974.
13. Crandall WF, Goldberg SJ, Wilson JS, McClung JR. Muscle units divided among retractor bulbi muscle slips and between the lateral rectus and retractor bulbi muscles in cat. Exp Neurol 71: 251-260, 1981.
14. Demer JL, Oh SY, Poukens V. Evidence for active control of rectus extraocular muscle pulleys. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 41: 1280-1290, 2000.
15. Dimitrova DM, Shall MS, Goldberg SJ. Stimulation-evoked eye movements with and without the lateral rectus muscle pulley. J Neurophysiol 90: 3809-3815, 2003.
16. Evinger C, Fuchs AF. Saccadic, smooth pursuit, and optokinetic eye movements of the trained cat. J Physiol 285: 209-229, 1978.
17. Goldberg SJ, Lennerstrand G, Hull CD. Motor unit responses in the lateral rectus muscle of the cat: intracellular current injection of abducens nucleus neurons. Acta Physiol Scand 96: 58-63, 1976.
18. Goldberg SJ, Meredith MA, Shall MS. Extraocular motor unit and whole-muscle responses in the lateral rectus muscle of the squirrel monkey. J Neurosci 18: 10629-10639, 1998.
19. Goldberg SJ, Shall MS. Lateral rectus whole muscle and motor unit contractile measures with the extraocular muscles intact. J Neurosci Methods 78: 47-50, 1997.
20. Goldberg SJ, Wilson KE, Shall MS. Summation of extraocular motor unit tensions in the lateral rectus muscle of the cat. Muscle Nerve 20: 1229-1235, 1997.
21. Gurahian SM, Goldberg SJ. Fatigue of lateral rectus and retractor bulbi motor units in cat. Brain Res 415: 281-292, 1987.
22. Heesy CP. On the relationship between orbit orientation and binocular visual field overlap in mammals. Anat Rec 281A: 1104-1110, 2004.
23. Hein A, Courjon JH, Flandrin JM, Arzi M. Optokinetic nystagmus in the ferret: including selected comparisons with the cat. Exp Brain Res 79: 623-632, 1990.
24. Hess A, Pilar G. Slow fibres in the extraocular muscles of the cat. J Physiol 169: 780-798, 1963.
25. Huberman AD, Speer CM, Chapman B. Spontaneous retinal activity mediates development of ocular dominance columns and binocular receptive fields in v1. Neuron 52: 247-254, 2006.
26. Jackson CA, Hickey TL. Use of ferrets in studies of the visual system. Lab Anim Sci 35: 211-215, 1985.
27. Jacoby J, Chiarandini DJ, Stefani E. Electrical properties and innervation of fibers in the orbital layer of rat extraocular muscles. J Neurophysiol 61: 116-125, 1989.
28. Katz B. The relation between force and speed in muscular contraction. J Physiol 96: 45-64, 1939.
29. Lennerstrand G. Fast and slow units in extrinsic eye muscles of cat. Acta Physiol Scand 86: 286-288, 1972.
30. Lennerstrand G. Mechanical studies on the retractor bulbi muscle and its motor units in the cat. J Physiol 236: 43-55, 1974.
31. Lennerstrand G, Schiavi C, Tian S, Benassi M, Campos EC. Isometric force measured in human horizontal eye muscles attached to or detached from the globe. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 244: 539-544, 2006.
32. Lode T. Activity pattern of polecats Mustela-Putorius l in relation to food-habits and prey activity. Ethology 100: 295-308, 1995.
33. Macefield VG, Fuglevand AJ, Bigland-Ritchie B. Contractile properties of single motor units in human toe extensors assessed by intraneural motor axon stimulation. J Neurophysiol 75: 2509-2519, 1996.
34. Mayr R. Structure and distribution of fibre types in the external eye muscles of the rat. Tissue Cell 3: 433-462, 1971.
35. Mayr R, Gottschall J, Gruber H, Neuhuber W. Internal structure of cat extraocular muscle. Anat Embryol (Berl) 148: 25-34, 1975.
36. McClung JR, Cullen KE, Shall MS, Dimitrova DM, Goldberg SJ. Effects of electrode penetrations into the abducens nucleus of the monkey: eye movement recordings and histopathological evaluation of the nuclei and lateral rectus muscles. Exp Brain Res 158: 180-188, 2004.
37. McClung JR, Shall MS, Goldberg SJ. Motoneurons of the lateral and medial rectus extraocular muscles in squirrel monkey and cat. Cells Tissues Organs 168: 220-227, 2001.
38. McLoon LK, Rios L, Wirtschafter JD. Complex three-dimensional patterns of myosin isoform expression: differences between and within specific extraocular muscles. J Muscle Res Cell Motil 20: 771-783, 1999.
39. Medina AE, Krahe TE, Ramoa AS. Early alcohol exposure induces persistent alteration of cortical columnar organization and reduced orientation selectivity in the visual cortex. J Neurophysiol 93: 1317-1325, 2005.
40. Meredith MA, Goldberg SJ. Contractile differences between muscle units in the medial rectus and lateral rectus muscles in the cat. J Neurophysiol 56: 50-62, 1986.
41. Meredith MA, King AJ. Spatial distribution of functional superficialdeep connections in the adult ferret superior colliculus. Neuroscience 128: 861-870, 2004.
42. Miller PE. Ferret ophthalmology. Semin Avian Exotic Pet Med 6: 146-151, 1997.
43. Mosier DR, Siklos L, Appel SH. Resistance of extraocular motoneuron terminals to effects of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis sera. Neurology 54: 252-255, 2000.
44. Nelson JS, Goldberg SJ, McClung JR. Motoneuron electrophysiological and muscle contractile properties of superior oblique motor units in cat. J Neurophysiol 55: 715-726, 1986.
45. Pellis SM, Obrien DP, Wolgin DL, Kennedy S, Pellis VC, Teitelbaum P. Escalation of feline predation along a gradient from avoidance through play to killing. Behav Neurosci 102: 760-777, 1988.
46. Rabe A, Haddad R, Dumas R. Behavior and neuro-behavioral teratology using the ferret. Lab Anim Sci 35: 256-267, 1985.
47. Robinson DA. Is the oculomotor system a cartoon of motor control? Prog Brain Res 64: 411-417, 1986.
48. Ruff RL. More than meets the eye: extraocular muscle is very distinct from extremity skeletal muscle. Muscle Nerve 25: 311-313, 2002.
49. Scott AB, Collins CC. Division of labor in human extraocular muscle. Arch Ophthalmol 90: 319-322, 1973.
50. Shall MS, Dimitrova DM, Goldberg SJ. Extraocular motor unit and whole-muscle contractile properties in the squirrel monkey. Summation of forces and fiber morphology. Exp Brain Res 151: 338-345, 2003.
51. Shall MS, Goldberg SJ. Extraocular motor units: type classification and motoneuron stimulation frequency-muscle unit force relationships. Brain Res 587: 291-300, 1992.
52. Shall MS, Goldberg SJ. Lateral rectus EMG and contractile responses elicited by cat abducens motoneurons. Muscle Nerve 18: 948-955, 1995.
53. Shall MS, Van Cleave S, Dimitrova DM, Goldberg SJ. Lateral rectus muscle changes after bilateral neonatal labyrinthectomy in the ferret. J Vestib Res 15: 243-251, 2005.
54. Shall MS, Wilson KE, Goldberg SJ. Extraocular motoneuron stimulation frequency effects on motor unit tension in cat. Acta Anat (Basel) 157: 217-225, 1996.
55. Spencer RF, Porter JD. Biological organization of the extraocular muscles. Prog Brain Res 151: 43-80, 2005.
56. Thomas CK, Bigland-Richie B, Johansson RS. Force-frequency relationships of human thenar motor units. J Neurophysiol 65: 1509-1516, 1991.