Screening for liver disease - Are LFTs old HAT?

Current Medicinal Chemistry

Volumn 16, Issue 12, 2009, Pages 1442-1450

  Lo, Robert ^a   Rye, Kara ^a   Austin, Andrew ^a   Freeman, Jan ^a  

^a DERBY HOSPITALS NHS FOUNDATION TRUST   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ALCOHOL; BIOLOGICAL MARKER; COLLAGEN TYPE 4; GELATINASE A; HYALURONIC ACID; LAMININ; PROCOLLAGEN; TISSUE INHIBITOR OF METALLOPROTEINASE 1;

DIAGNOSTIC IMAGING; DIAGNOSTIC VALUE; EARLY INTERVENTION; ELASTOGRAPHY; HUMAN; LIVER CIRRHOSIS; LIVER DISEASE; LIVER FAILURE; LIVER FUNCTION TEST; NON INVASIVE MEASUREMENT; PREVALENCE; REVIEW; SENSITIVITY AND SPECIFICITY; VIRUS HEPATITIS;

BIOLOGICAL MARKERS; FALSE NEGATIVE REACTIONS; HEPATITIS; HUMANS; LIVER CIRRHOSIS; LIVER DISEASES; LIVER FUNCTION TESTS;

EID: 65649088293     PISSN: 09298673     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2174/092986709787909622     Document Type: Review

References (97)

1. Leon, D. A.; McCambridge, J. Liver cirrhosis mortality rates in britain from 1950 to 2002: An analysis of routine data. Lancet 2006, 367, 52-56.
2. Fisher, N. C.; Hanson, J.; Phillips, A.; Rao, J. N.; Swarbrick, E. T. mortality from liver disease in the west midlands, 1993-2000: observational study. BMJ 2002, 325, 312-313.
3. Bell, B.P.; Navarro, V.J.; Manos, M.M.; Murphy, R.C.; Leyden, W.A.; St. Louis, T.E. The epidemiology of newly-diagnosed chronic liver disease in the United States: Findings of population-based sentinel surveillance. Hepatology, 2001, 34, 468A.
4. El Serag, H. B.; Mason, A. C. Rising incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma in the united states. N. Engl. J. Med. 1999, 340, 745-750.
5. Dienstag, J. L.; McHutchison, J. G. American gastroenterological association technical review on the management of hepatitis C. Gastroenterology 2006, 130, 231-264.
6. Preiss, D.; Sattar, N. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: An overview of prevalence, diagnosis, pathogenesis and treatment considerations. Clin. Sci. (Lond) 2008, 115, 141-150.
7. Gholson, C. F.; Morgan, K.; Catinis, G.; Favrot, D.; Taylor, B.; Gonzalez, E.; Balart, L. Chronic hepatitis C with normal aminotransferase levels: A clinical histologic study. Am. J. Gastroenterol. 1997, 92, 1788-1792.
8. Mofrad, P.; Contos, M. J.; Haque, M.; Sargeant, C.; Fisher, R. A.; Luketic, V. A.; Sterling, R. K.; Shiffman, M. L.; Stravitz, R. T.; Sanyal, A. J. Clinical and histologic spectrum of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease associated with normal ALT values. Hepatology 2003, 37, 1286-1292.
9. Lai, M.; Hyatt, B. J.; Nasser, I.; Curry, M.; Afdhal, N. H. The clinical significance of persistently normal ALT in chronic hepatitis B infection. J. Hepatol. 2007, 47, 760-767.
10. Kim, H. C.; Nam, C. M.; Jee, S. H.; Han, K. H.; Oh, D. K.; Suh, I. Normal serum aminotransferase concentration and risk of mortality from liver diseases: Prospective cohort study. BMJ 2004, 328, 983.
11. Savas, N.; Coskun, M.; Bilezikci, B.; Uruc, I.; Karakayali, H.; Yilmaz, U.; Haberal, M. Value of an individual liver biopsy in the preoperative evaluation of apparently healthy potential liver donors. Liver Transpl. 2008, 14, 541-546.
12. Jinks, M. F.; Kelly, C. A. The pattern and significance of abnormal liver function tests in community-acquired pneumonia. Eur. J. Intern. Med. 2004, 15, 436-440.
13. Giannini, E. G.; Testa, R.; Savarino, V. Liver enzyme alteration: A guide for clinicians. CMAJ. 2005, 172, 367-379.
14. Reedy, D. W.; Loo, A. T.; Levine, R. A. AST/ALT ratio > or = 1 Is not diagnostic of cirrhosis in patients with chronic hepatitis C. Dig. Dis. Sci. 1998, 43, 2156-2159.
15. Imperiale, T. F.; Said, A. T.; Cummings, O. W.; Born, L. J. need for validation of clinical decision aids: Use of the AST/ALT ratio in predicting cirrhosis in chronic hepatitis C. Am. J. Gastroenterol. 2000, 95, 2328-2332.
16. Park, G. J.; Lin, B. P.; Ngu, M. C.; Jones, D. B.; Katelaris, P. H. Aspartate aminotransferase: Alanine aminotransferase ratio in chronic hepatitis C infection: Is it a useful predictor of cirrhosis? J. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 2000, 15, 386-390.
17. Oberti, F.; Valsesia, E.; Pilette, C.; Rousselet, M. C.; Bedossa, P.; Aube, C.; Gallois, Y.; Rifflet, H.; Maiga, M. Y.; Penneau-Fontbonne, D.; Cales, P. Noninvasive diagnosis of hepatic fibrosis or cirrhosis. Gastroenterology 1997, 113, 1609-1616.
18. Lackner, C.; Struber, G.; Liegl, B.; Leibl, S.; Ofner, P.; Bankuti, C.; Bauer, B.; Stauber, R. E. Comparison and validation of simple noninvasive tests for prediction of fibrosis in chronic hepatitis C. Hepatology 2005, 41, 1376-1382.
19. Snyder, N.; Gajula, L.; Xiao, S. Y.; Grady, J.; Luxon, B.; Lau, D. T.; Soloway, R.; Petersen, J. APRI: An easy and validated predictor of hepatic fibrosis in chronic hepatitis C. J. Clin. Gastroenterol. 2006, 40, 535-542.
20. Schiavon, L. L.; Schiavon, J. L.; Filho, R. J.; Sampaio, J. P.; Lanzoni, V. P.; Silva, A. E.; Ferraz, M. L. Simple blood tests as noninvasive markers of liver fibrosis in hemodialysis patients with chronic hepatitis C virus infection. Hepatology 2007, 46, 307-314.
21. Chrysanthos, N. V.; Papatheodoridis, G. V.; Savvas, S.; Kafiri, G.; Petraki, K.; Manesis, E. K.; Archimandritis, A. J. Aspartate aminotransferase to platelet ratio index for fibrosis evaluation in chronic viral hepatitis. Eur. J. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 2006, 18, 389-396.
22. Shaheen, A. A.; Myers, R. P. Diagnostic accuracy of the aspartate aminotransferase-to-platelet ratio index for the prediction of hepatitis C-related fibrosis: A systematic review. Hepatology 2007, 46, 912-921.
23. Sebastiani, G.; Vario, A.; Guido, M.; Alberti, A. Performance of noninvasive markers for liver fibrosis is reduced in chronic hepatitis C with normal transaminases. J. Viral Hepat. 2008, 15, 212-218.
24. Imbert-Bismut, F.; Ratziu, V.; Pieroni, L.; Charlotte, F.; Benhamou, Y.; Poynard, T. Biochemical markers of liver fibrosis in patients with hepatitis C virus infection: A prospective study. Lancet 2001, 357, 1069-1075.
25. Halfon, P.; Imbert-Bismut, F.; Messous, D.; Antoniotti, G.; Benchetrit, D.; Cart-Lamy, P.; Delaporte, G.; Doutheau, D.; Klump, T.; Sala, M.; Thibaud, D.; Trepo, E.; Thabut, D.; Myers, R. P.; Poynard, T. A prospective assessment of the inter-laboratory variability of biochemical markers of fibrosis (FibroTest) and activity (ActiTest) in patients with chronic liver disease. Comp. Hepatol. 2002, 1, 3.
26. Rossi, E.; Adams, L.; Prins, A.; Bulsara, M.; de Boer, B.; Garas, G.; MacQuillan, G.; Speers, D.; Jeffrey, G. Validation of the fibrotest biochemical markers score in assessing liver fibrosis in hepatitis C patients. Clin. Chem. 2003, 49, 450-454.
27. Thuluvath, P. J.; Krok, K. L. Noninvasive markers of fibrosis for longitudinal assessment of fibrosis in chronic liver disease: Are they ready for prime time? Am. J. Gastroenterol. 2005, 100, 1981-1983.
28. Forns, X.; Ampurdanes, S.; Llovet, J. M.; Aponte, J.; Quinto, L.; Martinez-Bauer, E.; Bruguera, M.; Sanchez-Tapias, J. M.; Rodes, J. Identification of chronic hepatitis C patients without hepatic fibrosis by a simple predictive model. Hepatology 2002, 36, 986-992.
29. Koda, M.; Matunaga, Y.; Kawakami, M.; Kishimoto, Y.; Suou, T.; Murawaki, Y. FibroIndex, a practical index for predicting significant fibrosis in patients with chronic hepatitis C. Hepatology 2007, 45, 297-306.
30. Angulo, P.; Hui, J. M.; Marchesini, G.; Bugianesi, E.; George, J.; Farrell, G. C.; Enders, F.; Saksena, S.; Burt, A. D.; Bida, J. P.; Lindor, K.; Sanderson, S. O.; Lenzi, M.; Adams, L. A.; Kench, J.; Therneau, T. M.; Day, C. P. The NAFLD fibrosis score: A noninvasive system that identifies liver fibrosis in patients with NAFLD. Hepatology 2007, 45, 846-854.
31. McGill, D. B.; Rakela, J.; Zinsmeister, A. R.; Ott, B. J. A 21-year experience with major hemorrhage after percutaneous liver biopsy. Gastroenterology 1990, 99, 1396-1400.
32. Gilmore, I. T.; Burroughs, A.; Murray-Lyon, I. M.; Williams, R.; Jenkins, D.; Hopkins, A. Indications, methods, and outcomes of percutaneous liver biopsy in england and wales: An audit by the british society of gastroenterology and the royal college of physicians of london. Gut 1995, 36, 437-441.
33. Ratziu, V.; Charlotte, F.; Heurtier, A.; Gombert, S.; Giral, P.; Bruckert, E.; Grimaldi, A.; Capron, F.; Poynard, T. Sampling variability of liver biopsy in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Gastroenterology 2005, 128, 1898-1906.
34. Maharaj, B.; Maharaj, R. J.; Leary, W. P.; Cooppan, R. M.; Naran, A. D.; Pirie, D.; Pudifin, D. J. Sampling variability and its influence on the diagnostic yield of percutaneous needle biopsy of the liver. Lancet 1986, 1, 523-525.
35. Schlichting, P.; Holund, B.; Poulsen, H. Liver biopsy in chronic aggressive hepatitis. diagnostic reproducibility in relation to size of specimen. Scand. J. Gastroenterol. 1983, 18, 27-32.
36. Abdi, W.; Millan, J. C.; Mezey, E. Sampling variability on percutaneous liver biopsy. Arch. Intern. Med. 1979, 139, 667-669.
37. Westin, J.; Lagging, L. M.; Wejstal, R.; Norkrans, G.; Dhillon, A. P. Interobserver study of liver histopathology using the ishak score in patients with chronic hepatitis c virus infection. Liver 1999, 19, 183-187.
38. Bedossa, P.; Poynard, T.; Naveau, S.; Martin, E. D.; Agostini, H.; Chaput, J. C. Observer variation in assessment of liver biopsies of alcoholic patients. Alcohol Clin. Exp. Res. 1988, 12, 173-178.
39. Goldin, R. D.; Goldin, J. G.; Burt, A. D.; Dhillon, P. A.; Hubscher, S.; Wyatt, J.; Patel, N. Intra-observer and inter-observer variation in the histopathological assessment of chronic viral hepatitis. J. Hepatol. 1996, 25, 649-654.
40. Rockey, D. C.; Bissell, D. M. Noninvasive measures of liver fibrosis. Hepatology 2006, 43, S113-S120.
41. Montazeri, G.; Estakhri, A.; Mohamadnejad, M.; Nouri, N.; Montazeri, F.; Mohammadkani, A.; Derakhshan, M. H.; Zamani, F.; Samiee, S.; Malekzadeh, R. Serum hyaluronate as a non-invasive marker of hepatic fibrosis and inflammation in HBeAg-negative chronic hepatitis B. BMC. Gastroenterol. 2005, 5, 32.
42. Laurent, T.C.; Fraser, J.R. The properties and turnover of hyaluronate. Ciba Foundation Symposium 124, Functions of proteoglycans. Wiley, 1986: 9-29.
43. Truppe, W.; Basner, R.; von Figura, K.; Kresse, H. Uptake of hyaluronate by cultured cells. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 1977, 78, 713-719.
44. Ueno, T.; Inuzuka, S.; Torimura, T.; Tamaki, S.; Koh, H.; Kin, M.; Minetoma, T.; Kimura, Y.; Ohira, H.; Sata, M.;. Serum hyaluronate reflects hepatic sinusoidal capillarization. Gastroenterology 1993, 105, 475-481.
45. Smedsrod, B.; Pertoft, H.; Eriksson, S.; Fraser, J. R.; Laurent, T. C. Studies in vitro on the uptake and degradation of sodium hyaluronate in rat liver endothelial cells. Biochem. J. 1984, 223, 617-626.
46. Sakugawa, H.; Nakayoshi, T.; Kobashigawa, K.; Yamashiro, T.; Maeshiro, T.; Miyagi, S.; Shiroma, J.; Toyama, A.; Nakayoshi, T.; Kinjo, F.; Saito, A. Clinical usefulness of biochemical markers of liver fibrosis in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. World J. Gastroenterol. 2005, 11, 255-259.
47. Guechot, J.; Poupon, R. E.; Giral, P.; Balkau, B.; Giboudeau, J.; Poupon, R. Relationship between procollagen III aminoterminal propeptide and hyaluronan serum levels and histological fibrosis in primary biliary cirrhosis and chronic viral hepatitis C. J. Hepatol. 1994, 20, 388-393.
48. Guechot, J.; Laudat, A.; Loria, A.; Serfaty, L.; Poupon, R.; Giboudeau, J. Diagnostic accuracy of hyaluronan and type III procollagen amino-terminal peptide serum assays as markers of liver fibrosis in chronic viral hepatitis C evaluated by ROC curve analysis. Clin. Chem. 1996, 42, 558-563.
49. McHutchison, J. G.; Blatt, L. M.; de Medina, M.; Craig, J. R.; Conrad, A.; Schiff, E. R.; Tong, M. J. Measurement of serum hyaluronic acid in patients with chronic hepatitis C and its relationship to liver histology. Consensus interferon study group. J. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 2000, 15, 945-951.
50. Sebastiani, G.; Alberti, A. Non invasive fibrosis biomarkers reduce but not substitute the need for liver biopsy. World J. Gastroenterol. 2006, 12, 3682-3694.
51. Murawaki, Y.; Ikuta, Y.; Koda, M.; Yamada, S.; Kawasaki, H. Comparison of serum 7S fragment of type IV collagen and serum central triple-helix of type IV collagen for assessment of liver fibrosis in patients with chronic viral liver disease. J. Hepatol. 1996, 24, 148-154.
52. Murawaki, Y.; Ikuta, Y.; Nishimura, Y.; Koda, M.; Kawasaki, H. Serum markers for connective tissue turnover in patients with chronic hepatitis B and chronic hepatitis C: A comparative analysis. J. Hepatol. 1995, 23, 145-152.
53. Murawaki, Y.; Ikuta, Y.; Koda, M.; Kawasaki, H. Serum type III procollagen peptide, type IV collagen 7S domain, central triple-helix of type IV collagen and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases in patients with chronic viral liver disease: Relationship to liver histology. Hepatology 1994, 20, 780-787.
54. Ninomiya, T.; Yoon, S.; Hayashi, Y.; Sugano, M.; Kumon, Y.; Seo, Y.; Shimizu, K.; Kasuga, M. Clinical significance of serum hyaluronic acid as a fibrosis marker in chronic hepatitis C patients treated with interferon-alpha: Histological evaluation by a modified histological activity index scoring system. J. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 1998, 13, 68-74.
55. Yamada, M.; Fukuda, Y.; Nakano, I.; Katano, Y.; Takamatsu, J.; Hayakawa, T. Serum hyaluronan as a marker of liver fibrosis in hemophiliacs with hepatitis C virus-associated chronic liver disease. Acta Haematol. 1998, 99, 212-216.
56. Murawaki, Y.; Ikuta, Y.; Koda, M.; Nishimura, Y.; Kawasaki, H. Clinical significance of serum hyaluronan in patients with chronic viral liver disease. J. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 1996, 11, 459-465.
57. Zheng, M.; Cai, W. M.; Weng, H. L.; Liu, R. H. ROC curves in evaluation of serum fibrosis indices for hepatic fibrosis. World J. Gastroenterol. 2002, 8, 1073-1076.
58. Saitou, Y.; Shiraki, K.; Yamanaka, Y.; Yamaguchi, Y.; Kawakita, T.; Yamamoto, N.; Sugimoto, K.; Murata, K.; Nakano, T. Noninvasive estimation of liver fibrosis and response to interferon therapy by a serum fibrogenesis marker, YKL-40, in patients With HCV-associated liver disease. World J. Gastroenterol. 2005, 11, 476-481.
59. Pares, A.; Deulofeu, R.; Gimenez, A.; Caballeria, L.; Bruguera, M.; Caballeria, J.; Ballesta, A. M.; Rodes, J. Serum hyaluronate reflects hepatic fibrogenesis in alcoholic liver disease and is useful as a marker of fibrosis. Hepatology 1996, 24, 1399-1403.
60. Zachariae, H.; Heickendorff, L.; Sogaard, H. The value of amino-terminal propeptide of type III Procollagen in routine screening for methotrexate-induced liver fibrosis: A 10-year follow-up. Br. J. Dermatol. 2001, 144, 100-103.
61. Chalmers, R. J.; Kirby, B.; Smith, A.; Burrows, P.; Little, R.; Horan, M.; Hextall, J. M.; Smith, C. H.; Klaber, M.; Rogers, S. Replacement of routine liver biopsy by procollagen III aminopeptide for monitoring patients with psoriasis receiving long-term methotrexate: A multicentre audit and health economic analysis. Br. J. Dermatol. 2005, 152, 444-450.
62. Santos, V. N.; Leite-Mor, M. M.; Kondo, M.; Martins, J. R.; Nader, H.; Lanzoni, V. P.; Parise, E. R. Serum laminin, type IV collagen and hyaluronan as fibrosis markers in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Braz. J. Med. Biol. Res. 2005, 38, 747-753.
63. Johansen, J. S.; Moller, S.; Price, P. A.; Bendtsen, F.; Junge, J.; Garbarsch, C.; Henriksen, J. H. Plasma YKL-40: A new potential marker of fibrosis in patients with alcoholic cirrhosis? Scand. J. Gastroenterol. 1997, 32, 582-590.
64. Johansen, J. S.; Christoffersen, P.; Moller, S.; Price, P. A.; Henriksen, J. H.; Garbarsch, C.; Bendtsen, F. Serum YKL-40 is increased in patients with hepatic fibrosis. J. Hepatol. 2000, 32, 911-920.
65. Tran, A.; Benzaken, S.; Saint-Paul, M. C.; Guzman-Granier, E.; Hastier, P.; Pradier, C.; Barjoan, E. M.; Demuth, N.; Longo, F.; Rampal, P. Chondrex (YKL-40), a potential new serum fibrosis marker in patients with alcoholic liver disease. Eur. J. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 2000, 12, 989-993.
66. Arthur, M. J. Fibrogenesis II. Metalloproteinases and their inhibitors in liver fibrosis. Am. J. Physiol. Gastrointest. Liver Physiol. 2000, 279, G245-G249.
67. Afdhal, N. H.; Nunes, D. Evaluation of liver fibrosis: A concise review. Am. J. Gastroenterol. 2004, 99, 1160-1174.
68. Murawaki, Y.; Yamada, S.; Ikuta, Y.; Kawasaki, H. Clinical usefulness of serum matrix metalloproteinase-2 concentration in patients with chronic viral liver disease. J. Hepatol. 1999, 30, 1090-1098.
69. Boeker, K. H.; Haberkorn, C. I.; Michels, D.; Flemming, P.; Manns, M. P.; Lichtinghagen, R. Diagnostic potential of circulating TIMP-1 and MMP-2 as markers of liver fibrosis in patients with chronic hepatitis C. Clin. Chim. Acta 2002, 316, 71-81.
70. Walsh, K. M.; Timms, P.; Campbell, S.; MacSween, R. N.; Morris, A. J. Plasma levels of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases -1 and -2 (TIMP-1 and TIMP-2) as noninvasive markers of liver disease in chronic hepatitis C: Comparison using ROC analysis. Dig. Dis. Sci. 1999, 44, 624-630.
71. Murawaki, Y.; Ikuta, Y.; Okamoto, K.; Koda, M.; Kawasaki, H. Serum matrix metalloproteinase-3 (stromelysin-1) concentration in patients with chronic liver disease. J. Hepatol. 1999, 31, 474-481.
72. Nelson, D. R.; Gonzalez-Peralta, R. P.; Qian, K.; Xu, Y.; Marousis, C. G.; Davis, G. L.; Lau, J. Y. Transforming growth factor-beta 1 in chronic hepatitis C. J. Viral Hepat. 1997, 4, 29-35.
73. Lo, I. O.; Garcia-Monzon, C.; Almasio, P.; Garcia-Buey, L.; Craxi, A.; Moreno-Otero, R. Soluble adhesion molecules correlate with liver inflammation and fibrosis in chronic hepatitis C treated With interferon-alpha. Aliment. Pharmacol. Ther. 1998, 12, 1091-1099.
74. Kaplanski, G.; Farnarier, C.; Payan, M. J.; Bongrand, P.; Durand, J. M. Increased levels of soluble adhesion molecules in the serum of patients with hepatitis C. correlation with cytokine concentrations and liver inflammation and fibrosis. Dig. Dis. Sci. 1997, 42, 2277-2284.
75. Rosenberg, W. M.; Voelker, M.; Thiel, R.; Becka, M.; Burt, A.; Schuppan, D.; Hubscher, S.; Roskams, T.; Pinzani, M.; Arthur, M. J. Serum markers detect the presence of liver fibrosis: A cohort study. Gastroenterology 2004, 127, 1704-1713.
76. Guha, I. N.; Parkes, J.; Roderick, P.; Chattopadhyay, D.; Cross, R.; Harris, S.; Kaye, P.; Burt, A. D.; Ryder, S. D.; Aithal, G. P.; Day, C. P.; Rosenberg, W. M. Noninvasive markers of fibrosis in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: Validating the european liver fibrosis panel and exploring simple markers. Hepatology 2008, 47, 455-460.
77. Patel, K.; Gordon, S. C.; Jacobson, I.; Hezode, C.; Oh, E.; Smith, K. M.; Pawlotsky, J. M.; McHutchison, J. G. Evaluation of a panel of non-invasive serum markers to differentiate mild from moderate-to-advanced liver fibrosis in chronic hepatitis C patients. J. Hepatol. 2004, 41, 935-942.
78. Sandrin, L.; Fourquet, B.; Hasquenoph, J. M.; Yon, S.; Fournier, C.; Mal, F.; Christidis, C.; Ziol, M.; Poulet, B.; Kazemi, F.; Beaugrand, M.; Palau, R. Transient elastography: A new noninvasive method for assessment of hepatic fibrosis. Ultrasound Med. Biol. 2003, 29, 1705-1713.
79. Fraquelli, M.; Rigamonti, C.; Casazza, G.; Conte, D.; Donato, M. F.; Ronchi, G.; Colombo, M. Reproducibility of transient elastography in the evaluation of liver fibrosis in patients with chronic liver disease. Gut 2007, 56, 968-973.
80. Castera, L.; Vergniol, J.; Foucher, J.; Le Bail, B.; Chanteloup, E.; Haaser, M.; Darriet, M.; Couzigou, P.; De, L., V Prospective comparison of transient elastography, fibrotest, APRI, and liver biopsy for the assessment of fibrosis in chronic hepatitis C. Gastroenterology 2005, 128, 343-350.
81. Ziol, M.; Handra-Luca, A.; Kettaneh, A.; Christidis, C.; Mal, F.; Kazemi, F.; De, L., V; Marcellin, P.; Dhumeaux, D.; Trinchet, J. C.; Beaugrand, M. Noninvasive assessment of liver fibrosis by measurement of stiffness in patients with chronic hepatitis C. Hepatology 2005, 41, 48-54.
82. Marcellin, P.; Ziol, M.; Bedossa, P.; Douvin, C.; Poupon, R.; De, L., V; Beaugrand, M. Non-invasive assessment of liver fibrosis by stiffness measurement in patients with chronic hepatitis B. Liver Int. 2009, 29,242-247.
83. Corpechot, C.; El Naggar, A.; Poujol-Robert, A.; Ziol, M.; Wendum, D.; Chazouilleres, O.; De, L., V; Dhumeaux, D.; Marcellin, P.; Beaugrand, M.; Poupon, R. Assessment of biliary fibrosis by transient elastography in patients with PBC and PSC. Hepatology 2006, 43, 1118-1124.
84. Yoneda, M.; Yoneda, M.; Fujita, K.; Inamori, M.; Tamano, M.; Hiriishi, H.; Nakajima, A. Transient elastography in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Gut 2007, 56, 1330-1331.
85. Talwalkar, J. A.; Kurtz, D. M.; Schoenleber, S. J.; West, C. P.; Montori, V. M. Ultrasound-based transient elastography for the detection of hepatic fibrosis: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 2007, 5, 1214-1220.
86. Friedrich-Rust, M.; Ong, M. F.; Martens, S.; Sarrazin, C.; Bojunga, J.; Zeuzem, S.; Herrmann, E. Performance of transient elastography for the staging of liver fibrosis: A meta-analysis. Gastroenterology 2008, 134, 960-974.
87. Adhoute, X.; Foucher, J.; Laharie, D.; Terrebonne, E.; Vergniol, J.; Castera, L.; Lovato, B.; Chanteloup, E.; Merrouche, W.; Couzigou, P.; De, L., V Diagnosis of liver fibrosis using fibroscan and other noninvasive methods in patients with hemochromatosis: A prospective study. Gastroenterol. Clin. Biol. 2008, 32, 180-187.
88. Kettaneh, A.; Marcellin, P.; Douvin, C.; Poupon, R.; Ziol, M.; Beaugrand, M.; De, L., V Features associated with success rate and performance of fibroscan measurements for the diagnosis of cirrhosis in HCV patients: A prospective study of 935 patients. J. Hepatol. 2007, 46, 628-634.
89. Non-invasive methods for the evaluation of hepatic fibrosis/cirrhosis. www.has-sante.fr. 2006.
90. Huwart, L.; Sempoux, C.; Salameh, N.; Jamart, J.; Annet, L.; Sinkus, R.; Peeters, F.; ter Beek, L. C.; Horsmans, Y.; Van Beers, B. E. Liver fibrosis: Noninvasive assessment with MR elastography versus aspartate aminotransferase-to-platelet ratio index. Radiology 2007, 245, 458-466.
91. Yin, M.; Talwalkar, J. A.; Glaser, K. J.; Manduca, A.; Grimm, R. C.; Rossman, P. J.; Fidler, J. L.; Ehman, R. L. Assessment of hepatic fibrosis with magnetic resonance elastography. Clin. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 2007, 5, 1207-1213.
92. Friedrich-Rust, M.; Ong, M. F.; Herrmann, E.; Dries, V.; Samaras, P.; Zeuzem, S.; Sarrazin, C. Real-time elastography for noninvasive assessment of liver fibrosis in chronic viral hepatitis. AJR Am. J. Roentgenol. 2007, 188, 758-764.
93. Lewin, M.; Poujol-Robert, A.; Boelle, P. Y.; Wendum, D.; Lasnier, E.; Viallon, M.; Guechot, J.; Hoeffel, C.; Arrive, L.; Tubiana, J. M.; Poupon, R. Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging for the assessment of fibrosis in chronic hepatitis C. Hepatology 2007, 46, 658-665.
94. Murawaki, Y.; Ikuta, Y.; Okamoto, K.; Koda, M.; Kawasaki, H. Diagnostic value of serum markers of connective tissue turnover for predicting histological staging and grading in patients with chronic hepatitis C. J. Gastroenterol. 2001, 36, 399-406.
95. Walsh, K. M.; Fletcher, A.; MacSween, R. N.; Morris, A. J. Basement membrane peptides as markers of liver disease in chronic hepatitis C. J. Hepatol. 2000, 32, 325-330.
96. Naveau, S.; Raynard, B.; Ratziu, V.; Abella, A.; Imbert-Bismut, F.; Messous, D.; Beuzen, F.; Capron, F.; Thabut, D.; Munteanu, M.; Chaput, J. C.; Poynard, T. Biomarkers for the prediction of liver fibrosis in patients with chronic alcoholic liver disease. Clin. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 2005, 3, 167-174.
97. Suzuki, A.; Angulo, P.; Lymp, J.; Li, D.; Satomura, S.; Lindor, K. Hyaluronic acid, an accurate serum marker for severe hepatic fibrosis in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Liver Int. 2005, 25, 779-786.