메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 65, Issue 12, 2008, Pages 4017-4031

Exponential size distributions for snow

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

AIRBORNE DATUM; AIRBORNE MEASUREMENTS; BEFORE AND AFTER; CLOUD MODELS; EXPONENTIALS; HIGHER MOMENTS; ICE CLOUD PROPERTIES; ICE CLOUDS; ICE PARTICLES; ICE WATER CONTENTS; INTERCEPT PARAMETERS; LOWER LIMITS; PHYSICAL PROCESS; RADAR REFLECTIVITIES; SENSING AREAS; SMALL CRYSTALS;

EID: 65549160570     PISSN: 00224928     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1175/2008JAS2583.1     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (42)

References (40)
  • 1
    • 0001367814 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Airspeed corrections for optical array probe sample volumes
    • Baumgardner, D., and A. Korolev, 1997: Airspeed corrections for optical array probe sample volumes. J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol., 14, 1224-1229.
    • (1997) J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol , vol.14 , pp. 1224-1229
    • Baumgardner, D.1    Korolev, A.2
  • 2
    • 0021551460 scopus 로고
    • A study of mesoscale convective bands behind a cold front. Part II: Cloud and microphysical structure
    • Bennetts, D., and P. Ryder, 1984: A study of mesoscale convective bands behind a cold front. Part II: Cloud and microphysical structure. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 110, 467-487.
    • (1984) Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc , vol.110 , pp. 467-487
    • Bennetts, D.1    Ryder, P.2
  • 3
    • 0025625147 scopus 로고
    • Snow particle size spectra in lake effect snow
    • Braham, R. R., Jr., 1990: Snow particle size spectra in lake effect snow. J. Appl. Meteor., 29, 200-207.
    • (1990) J. Appl. Meteor , vol.29 , pp. 200-207
    • Braham Jr., R.R.1
  • 4
    • 34250312054 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A statistical and physical description of hydrometeor distributions in Colorado snowstorms using a video disdrometer
    • Brandes, E. A., K. Ikeda, G. Zhang, M. Schönhuber, and R. M. Rasmussen, 2007: A statistical and physical description of hydrometeor distributions in Colorado snowstorms using a video disdrometer. J. Appl. Meteor. Climatol., 46, 634-650.
    • (2007) J. Appl. Meteor. Climatol , vol.46 , pp. 634-650
    • Brandes, E.A.1    Ikeda, K.2    Zhang, G.3    Schönhuber, M.4    Rasmussen, R.M.5
  • 5
    • 0000207927 scopus 로고
    • Improved measurements of the ice water content in cirrus using a total-water probe
    • Brown, P. R. A., and P. N. Francis, 1995: Improved measurements of the ice water content in cirrus using a total-water probe. J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol., 12, 410-414.
    • (1995) J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol , vol.12 , pp. 410-414
    • Brown, P.R.A.1    Francis, P.N.2
  • 7
    • 33750526484 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Shattering and particle interarrival times measured by optical array probes in ice clouds
    • Field, P. R., A. J. Heymsfield, and A. Bansemer, 2006: Shattering and particle interarrival times measured by optical array probes in ice clouds. J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol., 23, 1357-1371.
    • (2006) J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol , vol.23 , pp. 1357-1371
    • Field, P.R.1    Heymsfield, A.J.2    Bansemer, A.3
  • 8
    • 38349183371 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Snow size distribution parameterization for midlatitude and tropical ice clouds
    • Field, P. R., A. J. Heymsfield, and A. Bansemer, 2007: Snow size distribution parameterization for midlatitude and tropical ice clouds. J. Atmos. Sci., 64, 4346-4365.
    • (2007) J. Atmos. Sci , vol.64 , pp. 4346-4365
    • Field, P.R.1    Heymsfield, A.J.2    Bansemer, A.3
  • 9
    • 38849105018 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Determination of the combined ventilation factor and capacitance for ice crystal aggregates from airborne observations in a tropical anvil cloud
    • Field, P. R., A. J. Heymsfield, A. Bansemer, and C. H. Twohy, 2008: Determination of the combined ventilation factor and capacitance for ice crystal aggregates from airborne observations in a tropical anvil cloud. J. Atmos. Sci., 65, 376-391.
    • (2008) J. Atmos. Sci , vol.65 , pp. 376-391
    • Field, P.R.1    Heymsfield, A.J.2    Bansemer, A.3    Twohy, C.H.4
  • 10
    • 0001176728 scopus 로고
    • Degradation of in-cloud forward scattering spectrometer probe measurements in the presence of ice particles
    • Gardiner, B. A., and J. Hallett, 1985: Degradation of in-cloud forward scattering spectrometer probe measurements in the presence of ice particles. J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol., 2, 171-180.
    • (1985) J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol , vol.2 , pp. 171-180
    • Gardiner, B.A.1    Hallett, J.2
  • 11
    • 0022823797 scopus 로고
    • Hydrometeor evolution in rainbands over the California valley
    • Gordon, G. L., and J. D. Marwitz, 1986: Hydrometeor evolution in rainbands over the California valley. J. Atmos. Sci., 43, 1087-1100.
    • (1986) J. Atmos. Sci , vol.43 , pp. 1087-1100
    • Gordon, G.L.1    Marwitz, J.D.2
  • 12
    • 0344426165 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Properties of tropical and midlatitude ice cloud particle ensembles. Part I: Median mass diameters and terminal velocities
    • Heymsfield, A. J., 2003: Properties of tropical and midlatitude ice cloud particle ensembles. Part I: Median mass diameters and terminal velocities. J. Atmos. Sci., 60, 2573-2591.
    • (2003) J. Atmos. Sci , vol.60 , pp. 2573-2591
    • Heymsfield, A.J.1
  • 13
    • 39049118824 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • On measurements of small ice particles in clouds
    • doi:10.1029/ 2007GL030951
    • Heymsfield, A. J., 2007: On measurements of small ice particles in clouds. Geophys. Res. Lett., 34, L23812, doi:10.1029/ 2007GL030951.
    • (2007) Geophys. Res. Lett , vol.34
    • Heymsfield, A.J.1
  • 14
    • 0018021676 scopus 로고
    • A computational technique for increasing the effective sampling volume of the PMS two-dimensional particle size spectrometer
    • Heymsfield, A. J., and J. L. Parrish, 1978: A computational technique for increasing the effective sampling volume of the PMS two-dimensional particle size spectrometer. J. Appl. Meteor., 17, 1566-1572.
    • (1978) J. Appl. Meteor , vol.17 , pp. 1566-1572
    • Heymsfield, A.J.1    Parrish, J.L.2
  • 15
    • 0021641130 scopus 로고
    • A parameterization of the particle size spectrum of ice clouds in terms of the ambient temperature and ice water content
    • Heymsfield, A. J., and C. M. R. Platt, 1984: A parameterization of the particle size spectrum of ice clouds in terms of the ambient temperature and ice water content. J. Atmos. Sci., 41, 846-855.
    • (1984) J. Atmos. Sci , vol.41 , pp. 846-855
    • Heymsfield, A.J.1    Platt, C.M.R.2
  • 16
    • 0037116314 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Observations and parameterizations of particle size distributions in deep tropical cirrus and stratiform precipitating clouds: Results from in situ observations in TRMM field campaigns
    • Heymsfield, A. J., A. Bansemer, P. R. Field, S. L. Durden, J. Stith, J. E. Dye, W. Hall, and T. Grainger, 2002: Observations and parameterizations of particle size distributions in deep tropical cirrus and stratiform precipitating clouds: Results from in situ observations in TRMM field campaigns. J. Atmos. Sci., 59, 3457-3491.
    • (2002) J. Atmos. Sci , vol.59 , pp. 3457-3491
    • Heymsfield, A.J.1    Bansemer, A.2    Field, P.R.3    Durden, S.L.4    Stith, J.5    Dye, J.E.6    Hall, W.7    Grainger, T.8
  • 17
    • 33244493821 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ice microphysics observations in Hurricane Humberto: Comparison with non-hurricane-generated ice cloud layers
    • Heymsfield, A. J., A. Bansemer, S. L. Durden, R. L. Herman, and T. P. Bui, 2006: Ice microphysics observations in Hurricane Humberto: Comparison with non-hurricane-generated ice cloud layers. J. Atmos. Sci., 63, 288-308.
    • (2006) J. Atmos. Sci , vol.63 , pp. 288-308
    • Heymsfield, A.J.1    Bansemer, A.2    Durden, S.L.3    Herman, R.L.4    Bui, T.P.5
  • 18
    • 34247605031 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Refinements to ice particle mass dimensional and terminal velocity relationships for ice clouds: Part I: Temperature dependence
    • Heymsfield, A. J., A. Bansemer, and C. Twohy, 2007: Refinements to ice particle mass dimensional and terminal velocity relationships for ice clouds: Part I: Temperature dependence. J. Atmos. Sci., 64, 1047-1067.
    • (2007) J. Atmos. Sci , vol.64 , pp. 1047-1067
    • Heymsfield, A.J.1    Bansemer, A.2    Twohy, C.3
  • 19
    • 0018293493 scopus 로고
    • Size distributions of precipitation particles in frontal clouds
    • Houze, R. A., Jr., P. V. Hobbs, P. H. Herzegh, and D. B. Parsons, 1979: Size distributions of precipitation particles in frontal clouds. J. Atmos. Sci., 36, 156-162.
    • (1979) J. Atmos. Sci , vol.36 , pp. 156-162
    • Houze Jr., R.A.1    Hobbs, P.V.2    Herzegh, P.H.3    Parsons, D.B.4
  • 20
    • 30744433361 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Isaac, G. A., and Coauthors, 2005: First results from the Alliance Icing Research Study II.Proc. 43rd AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit, Reno, NV, American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2005-0252.
    • Isaac, G. A., and Coauthors, 2005: First results from the Alliance Icing Research Study II.Proc. 43rd AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit, Reno, NV, American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2005-0252.
  • 21
    • 20544463676 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Shattering during sampling by OAPs and HVPS. Part 1: Snow particles
    • Korolev, A. V., and G. A. Isaac, 2005: Shattering during sampling by OAPs and HVPS. Part 1: Snow particles. J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol., 22, 528-542.
    • (2005) J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol , vol.22 , pp. 528-542
    • Korolev, A.V.1    Isaac, G.A.2
  • 22
    • 0000702587 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of the accuracy of PMS optical array probes
    • Korolev, A. V., J. W. Strapp, and G. A. Isaac, 1998: Evaluation of the accuracy of PMS optical array probes. J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol., 15, 708-720.
    • (1998) J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol , vol.15 , pp. 708-720
    • Korolev, A.V.1    Strapp, J.W.2    Isaac, G.A.3
  • 23
    • 0033232455 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Observations and numerical simulations of the origin and development of very large snowflakes
    • Lawson, R. P., R. E. Stewart, and L. J. Angus, 1998: Observations and numerical simulations of the origin and development of very large snowflakes. J. Atmos. Sci., 55, 3209-3229.
    • (1998) J. Atmos. Sci , vol.55 , pp. 3209-3229
    • Lawson, R.P.1    Stewart, R.E.2    Angus, L.J.3
  • 24
    • 33750285889 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The 2D-S (stereo) probe: Design and preliminary tests of a airborne, high-speed, high-resolution particle imaging probe
    • Lawson, R. P., D.O'Connor, P. Zmarzly, K. Weaver, B. Baker, Q. Mo, and H. Jonsson, 2006: The 2D-S (stereo) probe: Design and preliminary tests of a airborne, high-speed, high-resolution particle imaging probe. J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol., 23, 1462-1477.
    • (2006) J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol , vol.23 , pp. 1462-1477
    • Lawson, R.P.1    O'Connor, D.2    Zmarzly, P.3    Weaver, K.4    Baker, B.5    Mo, Q.6    Jonsson, H.7
  • 25
    • 0020968202 scopus 로고
    • Bulk parameterization of the snow field in a cloud model
    • Lin, Y.-L., R. D. Farley, and H. D. Orville, 1983: Bulk parameterization of the snow field in a cloud model. J. Appl. Meteor., 22, 1065-1092.
    • (1983) J. Appl. Meteor , vol.22 , pp. 1065-1092
    • Lin, Y.-L.1    Farley, R.D.2    Orville, H.D.3
  • 26
    • 0020377241 scopus 로고
    • The growth of snow in winter storms: An airborne observational study
    • Lo, K. K., and R. E. Passarelli, 1982: The growth of snow in winter storms: An airborne observational study. J. Atmos. Sci., 39, 697-706.
    • (1982) J. Atmos. Sci , vol.39 , pp. 697-706
    • Lo, K.K.1    Passarelli, R.E.2
  • 27
    • 0027458188 scopus 로고
    • Airborne microphysical measurements and radar reflectivity observations near a cold frontal rainband observed during the FRONTS 87 experiment
    • Marecal, V., D. Hauser, and C. Duroure, 1993: Airborne microphysical measurements and radar reflectivity observations near a cold frontal rainband observed during the FRONTS 87 experiment. Atmos. Res., 29, 170-207.
    • (1993) Atmos. Res , vol.29 , pp. 170-207
    • Marecal, V.1    Hauser, D.2    Duroure, C.3
  • 28
    • 0000550798 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Parameterization of tropical cirrus ice crystal size distributions and implications for radiative transfer: Results from CEPEX
    • McFarquhar, G. M., and A. J. Heymsfield, 1997: Parameterization of tropical cirrus ice crystal size distributions and implications for radiative transfer: Results from CEPEX. J. Atmos. Sci., 54, 2187-2200.
    • (1997) J. Atmos. Sci , vol.54 , pp. 2187-2200
    • McFarquhar, G.M.1    Heymsfield, A.J.2
  • 29
    • 0030431092 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Use of mass- and area-dimensional power laws for determining precipitation particle terminal velocities
    • Mitchell, D. L., 1996: Use of mass- and area-dimensional power laws for determining precipitation particle terminal velocities. J. Atmos. Sci., 53, 1710-1723.
    • (1996) J. Atmos. Sci , vol.53 , pp. 1710-1723
    • Mitchell, D.L.1
  • 30
    • 13244291067 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Refinements in the treatment of ice particle terminal velocities, highlighting aggregates
    • Mitchell, D. L., and A. J. Heymsfield, 2005: Refinements in the treatment of ice particle terminal velocities, highlighting aggregates. J. Atmos. Sci., 62, 1637-1644.
    • (2005) J. Atmos. Sci , vol.62 , pp. 1637-1644
    • Mitchell, D.L.1    Heymsfield, A.J.2
  • 31
    • 0000616091 scopus 로고
    • Theoretical and observational study of snow-size spectra and snowflake aggregation efficiencies
    • Passarelli, R. E., 1978: Theoretical and observational study of snow-size spectra and snowflake aggregation efficiencies. J. Atmos. Sci., 35, 882-889.
    • (1978) J. Atmos. Sci , vol.35 , pp. 882-889
    • Passarelli, R.E.1
  • 32
    • 0031206687 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A parameterization of the visible extinction coefficient of ice clouds in terms of the ice/water content
    • Platt, C. M., 1997: A parameterization of the visible extinction coefficient of ice clouds in terms of the ice/water content. J. Atmos. Sci., 54, 2083-2098.
    • (1997) J. Atmos. Sci , vol.54 , pp. 2083-2098
    • Platt, C.M.1
  • 33
    • 0039529459 scopus 로고
    • M.S. thesis, Department of Atmospheric Resources, University of Wyoming, 91 pp
    • Rogers, D. C., 1973: The aggregation of natural ice crystals. M.S. thesis, Department of Atmospheric Resources, University of Wyoming, 91 pp.
    • (1973) The aggregation of natural ice crystals
    • Rogers, D.C.1
  • 34
    • 0021505988 scopus 로고
    • The mesoscale and microscale structure and organization of clouds and precipitation in midlatitude cyclones. XII: A diagnostic modeling study of precipitation development in narrow cold-frontal rainbands
    • Rutledge, S. A., and P. V. Hobbs, 1984: The mesoscale and microscale structure and organization of clouds and precipitation in midlatitude cyclones. XII: A diagnostic modeling study of precipitation development in narrow cold-frontal rainbands. J. Atmos. Sci., 41, 2949-2972.
    • (1984) J. Atmos. Sci , vol.41 , pp. 2949-2972
    • Rutledge, S.A.1    Hobbs, P.V.2
  • 35
    • 0034094947 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A bulk parameterization of the ice particle size distribution and the optical properties in ice clouds
    • Ryan, B. F., 2000: A bulk parameterization of the ice particle size distribution and the optical properties in ice clouds. J. Atmos. Sci., 57, 1436-1451.
    • (2000) J. Atmos. Sci , vol.57 , pp. 1436-1451
    • Ryan, B.F.1
  • 36
    • 0000882681 scopus 로고
    • Snow size spectra and radar reflectivity
    • Sekhon, R. S., and R. C. Srivastava, 1970: Snow size spectra and radar reflectivity. J. Atmos. Sci., 27, 299-307.
    • (1970) J. Atmos. Sci , vol.27 , pp. 299-307
    • Sekhon, R.S.1    Srivastava, R.C.2
  • 37
    • 0021639146 scopus 로고
    • Characteristics through the melting layer of stratiform clouds
    • Stewart, R. E., J. D. Marwitz, J. C. Pace, and R. E. Carbone, 1984: Characteristics through the melting layer of stratiform clouds. J. Atmos. Sci., 41, 3227-3237.
    • (1984) J. Atmos. Sci , vol.41 , pp. 3227-3237
    • Stewart, R.E.1    Marwitz, J.D.2    Pace, J.C.3    Carbone, R.E.4
  • 39
    • 0000490040 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Measurement of condensed water content in liquid and ice clouds using an airborne counterflow virtual impactor
    • Twohy, C. H., A. J. Schanot, and W. A. Cooper, 1997: Measurement of condensed water content in liquid and ice clouds using an airborne counterflow virtual impactor. J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol., 14, 197-202.
    • (1997) J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol , vol.14 , pp. 197-202
    • Twohy, C.H.1    Schanot, A.J.2    Cooper, W.A.3
  • 40
    • 38849150973 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Size spectra of snow particles measured in wintertime precipitation in the Pacific Northwest
    • Woods, C. P., M. T. Stoelinga, J. D. Locatelli, and P. V. Hobbs, 2008: Size spectra of snow particles measured in wintertime precipitation in the Pacific Northwest. J. Atmos. Sci., 65, 189-205.
    • (2008) J. Atmos. Sci , vol.65 , pp. 189-205
    • Woods, C.P.1    Stoelinga, M.T.2    Locatelli, J.D.3    Hobbs, P.V.4


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.