Seed dispersal and seedling emergence in a created and a natural salt marsh on the Gulf of Mexico coast in Southwest Louisiana, U.S.A

Restoration Ecology

Volumn 17, Issue 3, 2009, Pages 422-432

  Elsey Quirk, Tracy ^a   Middleton, Beth A ^b   Proffitt, C Edward ^c  

^a UNIVERSITY OF DELAWARE   (United States)

^b NATIONAL WETLANDS RESEARCH CENTER   (United States)

^c FLORIDA ATLANTIC UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

Dredge sediment; Hydrochory; Natural colonization; Restoration; Seed traps; Wind dispersal

Indexed keywords

COLONIZATION; HABITAT CREATION; HABITAT RESTORATION; HYDROCHORY; REGENERATION; RESTORATION ECOLOGY; SALTMARSH; SEED DISPERSAL; SEEDLING EMERGENCE;

ATLANTIC OCEAN; GULF OF MEXICO; LOUISIANA; NORTH AMERICA; UNITED STATES;

DISTICHLIS SPICATA; IVA FRUTESCENS; SPARTINA ALTERNIFLORA; SYMPHYOTRICHUM SUBULATUM;

EID: 65449150856     PISSN: 10612971     EISSN: 1526100X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1526-100X.2008.00398.x     Document Type: Article

References (43)

1. Allison, S. K. 1996. Recruitment and establishment of salt marsh plants following disturbance by flooding. American Midland Naturalist 136:232-247.
2. Amen, R. D., G. E. Carter, and R. J. Kelly. 1970. The nature of seed dormancy and germination in the salt marsh grass Distichlis spicata. New Phytologist 69:1005-1013.
3. Bakker, J. P., P. Poschlod, R. J. Strykstra, R. M. Bekker, and K. Thompson. 1996. Seed banks and seed dispersal: Important topics in restoration ecology. Acta Botanica Neerlandica 45:461-490.
4. Baldwin, A. H., K. L. McKee, and I. A. Mendelssohn. 1996. The influence of vegetation, salinity, and inundation on seed banks of oligohaline coastal marshes. American Journal of Botany 83:470-479.
5. Baskin, C. C., and J. M. Baskin. 1998. Seeds: Ecology, biogeography, and evolution of dormancy and germination. Academic Press, San Diego, California.
6. Brewer, J. S., J. M. Levine, and M. D. Bertness. 1997. Effects of biomass removal and elevation on species richness in a New England salt marsh. Oikos 80:333-341.
7. Brower, J. E., J. H. Zar, and C. N. von Ende. 1998. Field and laboratory methods for general ecology. 4th edition. The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., Boston, Massachusetts.
8. Callaway, J. C., and J. B. Zedler. 1998. Interactions between a salt marsh native perennial (Salicornia virginica) and an exotic annual (Polypogon monspeliensis) under varied salinity and hydroperiod. Wetlands Ecology and Management 5:179-194.
9. Chabreck, R. H. 1989. Creation, restoration, and enhancement of marshes of the northcentral Gulf coast. Pages 127-144 in J. A. Kusler and M. E. Kentula, editors. Wetland creation and restoration: The status of science. EPA 600/3-89/38a. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Environmental Research Laboratory, Corvallis, Oregon.
10. Chambers, J. C., and J. A. MacMahon. 1994. A day in the life of a seed: movements and fates of seeds and their implications for natural and managed systems. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics 25:263-292.
11. Connell, J. H., and M. J. Keough. 1985. Disturbance and patch dynamics of subtidal animals on hard substrata. Pages 125-151 in S. Pickett and P. White, editors. The ecology of natural disturbance and patch dynamics. Academic Press, Orlando, Florida.
12. Craft, C., P. Megonigal, S. Broome, J. Stevenson, R. Freese, J. Cornell, L. Zheng, and J. Sacco. 2003. The pace of ecosystem development of constructed Spartina alterniflora marshes. Ecological Applications 13:1417-1432.
13. Craft, C. P., J. Reader, J. N. Sacco, and S. W. Broone. 1999. Twenty-five years of ecosystem development of constructed Spartina alterniflora (Loisel) marshes. Ecological Applications 9:1405-1419.
14. Deegan, L. A., H. M. Kennedy, and C. Neill. 1984. Natural factors and human modifications contributing to marsh loss in Louisiana's Mississippi River Deltaic Plain. Environmental Management 8:519-528.
15. Edwards, K. R., and C. E. Proffitt. 2003. Comparison of wetland structural characteristics between created and natural salt marshes in southwest Louisiana, USA. Wetlands 23:344-356.
16. Egerova, J., C. E. Proffitt, and S. Travis. 2003. Facilitation of survival and growth of Baccharis halimifolia L. by Spartina alterniflora Loisel in a created Louisiana salt marsh. Wetlands 23:250-256.
17. Huckle, J. M., J. A. Potter, and R. H. Marrs. 2000. Influence of environmental factors on the growth and interactions between salt marsh plants: Effects of salinity, sediment, and waterlogging. Journal of Ecology 88:492-505.
18. Kantrud, H. A. 1996. The alkali (Scirpus maritimus L.) and saltmarsh (S. robustus Pursh) bulrushes: A literature review. U.S. Department of Interior, National Biological Service, Washington, D.C.
19. Levin, L., A. D. Talley, and G. Thayer. 1996. Succession of macrobenthos in a created salt marsh. Marine Ecology Progress Series 141:67-82.
20. Lindig-Cisneros, R., and J. B. Zedler. 2002. Halophyte recruitment in a salt marsh restoration site. Estuaries 25:1174-1183.
21. Louisiana Coastal Wetlands Conservation and Restoration Task Force and the Wetlands Conservation and Restoration Authority. 1999. Coast 2050: toward a sustainable coastal Louisiana, the appendices. Appendix F-region 4 supplemental information. Louisiana Department of Natural Resources, Baton Rouge, Louisiana.
22. Middleton, B. A. 1995. Sampling devices for the measurement of seed rain and hydrochory in rivers. Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club 122:152-155.
23. Middleton, B. A. 1999. Wetland restoration: Flood pulsing and disturbance dynamics. John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New York.
24. Middleton, B. A. 2002. Flood pulsing in the regeneration and maintenance of species in riverine forested wetlands of the southeastern United States. Pages 223-294 in B. Middleton, editor. Flood pulsing in wetlands: Restoring the natural hydrological balance. John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New York.
25. Middleton, B. A. 2003. Soil seed banks and the potential restoration of forested wetlands after farming. Journal of Applied Ecology 40:1025-1034.
26. Noe, G. B., and J. B. Zedler. 2000. Differential effects of four abiotic factors on the germination of salt marsh annuals. American Journal of Botany 87:1679-1692.
27. Proffitt, C. E., R. L. Chaisson, A. B. Owens, K. R. Edwards, and S. E. Travis. 2005. Spartina alterniflora genotype influences facilitation and suppression of high marsh species colonizing an early successional salt marsh. Journal of Ecology 93:404-416.
28. Proffitt C. E., S. E. Travis, and K. R. Edwards. 2003. Genotype and elevation influence Spartina alterniflora colonization and growth in a created salt marsh. Ecological Applications 13:180-192.
29. Proffitt, C. E., and J. Young. 1998. Salt marsh plant colonization, growth, and dominance on large mudflats created using dredged sediments. Pages 218-228 in L. P. Rozas, J. A. Nyman, C. E. Proffitt, N. N. Rabalais, D. J. Reed, and R. E. Turner, editors. Recent research in coastal Louisiana: Natural system function and response to human influence. Louisiana Sea Grant College Program, Baton Rouge, Louisiana.
30. Rand, T. A. 2000. Seed dispersal, habitat suitability and the distributions of halophytes across a salt marsh tidal gradient. Journal of Ecology 88: 608-621.
31. Rogers, J., J. Harris, and I. Valiela. 1998. Interaction of nitrogen supply, sea level rise, and elevation on species form and composition of salt marsh plants. Biological Bulletin 195:235-237.
32. Salinas, L. M., R. D. DeLaune, and W. H. Patrick Jr. 1986. Changes occurring along a rapidly submerging coastal area: Louisiana, USA. Journal of Coastal Research 2:269-284.
33. SAS Institute, Inc. 2003. SAS/STAT user's guide, version 8.0 edition. SAS Institute, Cary, North Carolina.
34. Seliskar, D. M., J. L. Gallagher, D. M. Burdick, and L. M. Mutz. 2002. The regulation of ecosystem functions by ecotypic variation in the dominant plant: A Spartina alterniflora salt marsh case study. Journal of Ecology 90:1-11.
35. Shumway, S. W., and M. D. Bertness. 1992. Salt stress limitation of seedling recruitment in a salt marsh plant community. Oecologia 92:490-497.
36. Soons, M. B. 2006. Wind dispersal in freshwater wetlands: Knowledge for conservation and restoration. Applied Vegetation Science 9:271-278.
37. Sousa, W. P. 1985. Disturbance and patch dynamics on rocky intertidal shores. Pages 101-124 in S. Pickett and P. White, editors. The ecology of natural disturbance and patch dynamics. Academic Press, Orlando, Florida.
38. Turner, R. E. 1997. Wetland loss in the northern Gulf of Mexico: multiple working hypotheses. Estuaries 20:1-13.
39. van der Valk, A. G. 1998. Succession theory and restoration of wetland vegetation. Pages 657-667 in A. J. McComb and J. A. Davis, editors. Wetlands for the future. Gleneagles Publishing. Adelaide, Australia.
40. Wijte, A. H. B. M., and J. L. Gallagher. 1996a. Effect of oxygen availability and salinity on early life history stages of salt marsh plants. I. Different germination strategies of Spartina alterniflora and Phragmites australis. American Journal of Botany 83:1337-1342.
41. Wijte, A. H. B. M., and J. L. Gallagher. 1996b. Effect of oxygen availability and salinity on early life history stages of salt marsh plants. II. Early seedling development advantage of Spartina alterniflora and Phragmites australis. American Journal of Botany 83:1343-1350.
42. Wolters, M., A. Garbutt, and J. P. Bakker. 2005. Plant colonization after managed realignment: The relative importance of diaspore dispersal. Journal of Applied Ecology 42:770-777.
43. Xiong, S. J., M. E. Johansson, F. M. R. Hughes, A. Hayes, K. S. Richards, and C. Nilsson. 2003. Interactive effects of soil moisture, vegetation canopy, plant litter, and seed addition on plant diversity in a wetland community. Journal of Ecology 91:976-986.