메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 118, Issue 5, 2009, Pages 774-782

Effects of urbanisation on disease prevalence and age structure in blackbird Turdus merula populations

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

AGE STRUCTURE; COMMUNITY COMPOSITION; DISEASE PREVALENCE; ECOLOGICAL THEORY; HEALTH RISK; INFECTIOUS DISEASE; MALARIA; PASSERINE; SURVIVAL; TICK; URBAN POPULATION; URBANIZATION;

EID: 65449147965     PISSN: 00301299     EISSN: 16000706     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0706.2008.17226.x     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (99)

References (81)
  • 1
    • 0001243902 scopus 로고
    • Population dynamics of suburban blackbirds
    • Batten, L. A. 1973. Population dynamics of suburban blackbirds Bird Study 20 : 251 258.
    • (1973) Bird Study , vol.20 , pp. 251-258
    • Batten, L.A.1
  • 5
    • 33846322940 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Urbanization and the ecology of wildlife diseases
    • DOI 10.1016/j.tree.2006.11.001, PII S0169534706003648
    • Bradley, C. A. Altizer, S. 2007. Urbanization and the ecology of wildlife diseases Trends Ecol. Evol. 22 : 95 102. (Pubitemid 46123726)
    • (2007) Trends in Ecology and Evolution , vol.22 , Issue.2 , pp. 95-102
    • Bradley, C.A.1    Altizer, S.2
  • 6
    • 27544443275 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Urban effects on native avifauna: A review
    • DOI 10.1016/j.landurbplan.2004.08.007, PII S016920460400146X
    • Chace, J. F. Walsh, J. J. 2006. Urban effects on native avifauna: a review Landscape Urban Plan. 74 : 46 49. (Pubitemid 41539264)
    • (2006) Landscape and Urban Planning , vol.74 , Issue.1 , pp. 46-69
    • Chace, J.F.1    Walsh, J.J.2
  • 9
    • 23944443214 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparative demography of New World populations of thrushes (Turdus spp.): Comment
    • Conn, P. B. et al. 2005. Comparative demography of new world thrushes (Turdus spp.): comment Ecology 86 : 2536 2541. (Pubitemid 41209525)
    • (2005) Ecology , vol.86 , Issue.9 , pp. 2536-2544
    • Conn, P.B.1    Doherty, P.F.2    Nichols, J.D.3    Ricklefs, R.E.4    Rohwer, S.5
  • 11
    • 0028837322 scopus 로고
    • Seasonal-variation in the role of grey squirrels as hosts of Ixodes ricinus, the tick vector of the Lyme-disease spirochete, in a British woodland
    • Craine, N. G. et al. 1995. Seasonal-variation in the role of grey squirrels as hosts of Ixodes ricinus, the tick vector of the Lyme-disease spirochete, in a British woodland Folia Parasitol. 42 : 73 80.
    • (1995) Folia Parasitol. , vol.42 , pp. 73-80
    • Craine, N.G.1
  • 12
    • 0035936914 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Anthropogenic environmental change and the emergence of infectious diseases in wildlife
    • DOI 10.1016/S0001-706X(00)00179-0, PII S0001706X00001790
    • Daszak, P. et al. 2001. Anthropogenic environmental change and the emergence of infectious diseases in wildlife Acta Trop. 78 : 103 116. (Pubitemid 32179644)
    • (2001) Acta Tropica , vol.78 , Issue.2 , pp. 103-116
    • Daszak, P.1    Cunningham, A.A.2    Hyatt, A.D.3
  • 13
    • 0034049199 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of hematozoan parasites on condition and return rates of American Kestrels
    • Dawson, R. D. Bortolotti, G. R. 2000. Effects of hematozoan parasites on condition and return rates of American kestrels Auk 117 : 373 380. (Pubitemid 30231270)
    • (2000) Auk , vol.117 , Issue.2 , pp. 373-380
    • Dawson, R.D.1    Bortolotti, G.R.2
  • 14
    • 0010638908 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tiques Ixodidae parasites d'oiseaux et leur role pathogene
    • Doby, J. M. Bigaigon, G. 1997. Tiques Ixodidae parasites d'oiseaux et leur rôle pathogène Rev. Méd. Vét. 148 : 853 860. (Pubitemid 127433674)
    • (1997) Revue de Medecine Veterinaire , vol.148 , Issue.11 , pp. 853-860
    • Doby, J.M.1    Bigaignon, G.2
  • 15
    • 11244320585 scopus 로고
    • Populationsökologische Untersuchungen an der zweier nordwest-deutscher Grobstade
    • Erz, W. 1963. Populationsökologische Untersuchungen an der zweier nordwest-deutscher Grobstade Z. Swiss Zool. 170 : 1 111.
    • (1963) Z. Swiss Zool. , vol.170 , pp. 1-111
    • Erz, W.1
  • 16
    • 58149087251 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Habitat influences on urban avian assemblages
    • Evans, K. L. et al. 2009. Habitat influences on urban avian assemblages Ibis 151 : 19 39.
    • (2009) Ibis , vol.151 , pp. 19-39
    • Evans, K.L.1
  • 17
    • 44649148531 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interspecific variation in avian blood parasites and haematology associated with urbanization in a desert habitat
    • Fokidis, et al. 2008. Interspecific variation in avian blood parasites and haematology associated with urbanization in a desert habitat J. Avian Biol. 39 : 300 310.
    • (2008) J. Avian Biol. , vol.39 , pp. 300-310
    • Fokidis1
  • 18
    • 33845243692 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Blood parasites of Nearctic-Neotropical migrant passerine birds during spring trans-gulf migration: Impact on host body condition
    • Garvin, M. C. et al. 2006. Blood parasites of Nearctic-Neotropical migrant passerine birds during spring trans-gulf migration: impact on host body condition J. Parasitolol. 92 : 990 996.
    • (2006) J. Parasitolol. , vol.92 , pp. 990-996
    • Garvin, M.C.1
  • 19
    • 33645799451 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Factors affecting the geographic distribution of West Nile virus in Georgia, USA: 2002-2004
    • Gibbs, S. E. J. et al. 2006. Factors affecting the geographic distribution of West Nile virus in Georgia, USA: 2002-2004 Vector-Borne Zoonot. 6 : 73 82.
    • (2006) Vector-Borne Zoonot. , vol.6 , pp. 73-82
    • Gibbs, S.E.J.1
  • 20
    • 0036789551 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A comparison of infestation patterns by Ixodes ticks in urban and rural populations of the common blackbird Turdus merula
    • Grégoire, A. et al. 2002. A comparison of infestation patterns by Ixodes ticks in urban and rural populations of the common blackbird Turdus merula Ibis 144 : 640 645.
    • (2002) Ibis , vol.144 , pp. 640-645
    • Grégoire, A.1
  • 21
    • 38949138832 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Global change and the ecology of cities
    • Grimm, N. B. et al. 2008. Global change and the ecology of cities Science 319 : 756 760.
    • (2008) Science , vol.319 , pp. 756-760
    • Grimm, N.B.1
  • 22
    • 1642624543 scopus 로고
    • Calculation of productivity, survival, and abundance of selected vertebrates from sex and age ratios
    • Hanson, W. R. 1963. Calculation of productivity, survival, and abundance of selected vertebrates from sex and age ratios Wildlife Monogr. 9 : 1 60.
    • (1963) Wildlife Monogr. , vol.9 , pp. 1-60
    • Hanson, W.R.1
  • 23
    • 34848928952 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Temporal patterns of occurrence and transmission of the blood parasite Haemoproteus payevskyi in the great reed warbler Acrocephalus arundinaceus
    • DOI 10.1007/s10336-007-0144-2
    • Hasselquist, D. et al. 2007. Temporal patterns of occurrence and transmission of the blood parasite Haemoproteus payevskyi in the great reed warbler Acrocephalus arundinaceus J. Ornithol. 148 : 401 409. (Pubitemid 47505689)
    • (2007) Journal of Ornithology , vol.148 , Issue.4 , pp. 401-409
    • Hasselquist, D.1    Ostman, O.2    Waldenstrom, J.3    Bensch, S.4
  • 24
    • 0033922014 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The prevalence and ecology of the haematozoan parasites of European blackbirds, Turdus merula
    • Hatchwell, et al. 2000. The prevalence and ecology of the haematozoan parasites of European blackbirds, Turdus merula Can. J. Zool. 78 : 684 687. (Pubitemid 30453970)
    • (2000) Canadian Journal of Zoology , vol.78 , Issue.4 , pp. 684-687
    • Hatchwell, B.J.1    Wood, M.J.2    Anwar, M.3    Perrins, C.M.4
  • 25
    • 0034985139 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The haematozoan parasites of common blackbirds Turdus merula: Associations with host condition
    • Hatchwell, B. J. et al. 2001. The haematozoan parasites of European blackbirds Turdus merula: associations with host condition Ibis 143 : 420 426. (Pubitemid 32554660)
    • (2001) Ibis , vol.143 , Issue.3 , pp. 420-426
    • Hatchwell, B.J.1    Wood, M.J.2    Anwar, M.A.3    Chamberlain, D.E.4    Perrins, C.M.5
  • 26
    • 0141940732 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of tick Ixodes ricinus infestation on pheasant Phasianus colchicus breeding success and survival
    • Hoodless, A. N. et al. 2003. Effects of tick Ixodes ricinus infestation on pheasant Phasianus colchicus breeding success and survival Wildlife Biol. 9 : 171 178. (Pubitemid 37240629)
    • (2003) Wildlife Biology , vol.9 , Issue.3 , pp. 171-178
    • Hoodless, A.N.1    Kurtenbach, K.2    Nuttall, P.A.3    Randolph, S.E.4
  • 27
    • 13844250981 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Carotenoid-based plumage coloration reflects hemoparasite infection and local survival in breeding great tits
    • DOI 10.1007/s004420000513
    • Horak, P. et al. 2001. Carotenoid-based plumage coloration reflects hemoparasite infection and local survival in breeding great tits Oecologia 126 : 166 173. (Pubitemid 32449404)
    • (2001) Oecologia , vol.126 , Issue.2 , pp. 166-173
    • Horak, P.1    Ots, I.2    Vellau, H.3    Spottiswoode, C.4    Moller, A.P.5
  • 28
    • 33745494145 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of forest clearing on the abundance of Ixodes ricinus ticks and the prevalence of Borrelia burgdorferi s.l.
    • DOI 10.1111/j.1365-2915.2006.00615.x
    • Hubalek, Z. et al. 2006. Effect of forest clearing on the abundance of Ixodes ricinus ticks and the prevalence of Borrelia burgdorferi Med. Vet. Entomol. 20 : 166 172. (Pubitemid 43961712)
    • (2006) Medical and Veterinary Entomology , vol.20 , Issue.2 , pp. 166-172
    • Hubalek, Z.1    Halouzka, J.2    Juricova, Z.3    Sikutova, S.4    Rudolf, I.5
  • 31
    • 51249094694 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diversity and disease: Community structure drives parasite transmission and host fitness
    • Johnson, P. T. J. et al. 2008. Diversity and disease: community structure drives parasite transmission and host fitness Ecol. Lett. 11 : 1017 1026.
    • (2008) Ecol. Lett. , vol.11 , pp. 1017-1026
    • Johnson, P.T.J.1
  • 32
    • 39749135587 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Global trends in emerging infectious diseases
    • Jones, K. E. et al. 2008. Global trends in emerging infectious diseases Nature 451 : 990 994.
    • (2008) Nature , vol.451 , pp. 990-994
    • Jones, K.E.1
  • 33
    • 0025607577 scopus 로고
    • Survival rates of birds of tropical and temperate forests-will the dogma survive
    • Karr, J. R. et al. 1990. Survival rates of birds of tropical and temperate forests-will the dogma survive Am. Nat. 136 : 277 291.
    • (1990) Am. Nat. , vol.136 , pp. 277-291
    • Karr, J.R.1
  • 34
    • 33646889505 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ticks (Ixodes sp.) and blood parasites (Haemoproteus spp.) in New Holland Honeyeaters (Phylidonyris novaehollandiae): Evidence for site specificity and fitness costs
    • DOI 10.1071/MU05055
    • Kleindorfer, S. et al. 2006. Ticks (Ixodes sp.) and blood parasites (Haemoproteus spp.) in New Holland honeyeaters (Phylidonyris novaehollandiae): evidence for site specificity and fitness costs Emu 106 : 113 118. (Pubitemid 43780529)
    • (2006) Emu , vol.106 , Issue.2 , pp. 113-118
    • Kleindorfer, S.1    Lambert, S.2    Paton, D.C.3
  • 35
    • 35348912128 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Host community structure and infestation by ixodid ticks: Repeatability, dilution effect and ecological specialization
    • DOI 10.1007/s00442-007-0824-x
    • Krasnov, B. R. et al. 2007. Host community structure and infestation by ixodid ticks: repeatability, dilution effect and ecological specialization Oecologia 154 : 185 194. (Pubitemid 47583406)
    • (2007) Oecologia , vol.154 , Issue.1 , pp. 185-194
    • Krasnov, B.R.1    Stanko, M.2    Morand, S.3
  • 38
    • 0037899940 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ticks Ixodes uriae and the breeding performance of a colonial seabird, king penguin Aptenodytes patagonicus
    • DOI 10.1034/j.1600-048X.2003.02916.x
    • Mangin, S. et al. 2003. Ticks Ixodes uriae and the breeding performance of a colonial seabird, king penguin Aptenodytes patagonicus J. Avian Biol. 34 : 30 34. (Pubitemid 36639394)
    • (2003) Journal of Avian Biology , vol.34 , Issue.1 , pp. 30-34
    • Mangin, S.1
  • 39
    • 0030301938 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Life history evolution in tropical and south temperate birds: What do we really know?
    • Martin, T. E. 1996. Life history evolution in tropical and south temperate birds: what do we really know? J. Avian Biol. 27 : 263 272. (Pubitemid 27017173)
    • (1996) Journal of Avian Biology , vol.27 , Issue.4 , pp. 263-272
    • Martin, T.E.1
  • 40
    • 13844297118 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Malarial parasites decrease reproductive success: An experimental study in a passerine bird
    • DOI 10.1007/s00442-004-1757-2
    • Marzal, A. et al. 2005. Malarial parasites decrease reproductive success: an experimental study in a passerine bird Oecologia 142 : 541 545. (Pubitemid 40240733)
    • (2005) Oecologia , vol.142 , Issue.4 , pp. 541-545
    • Marzal, A.1    De Lope, F.2    Navarro, C.3    Moller, A.P.4
  • 42
    • 34447125283 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Survival rates of tropical birds in Nigeria, West Africa
    • DOI 10.1111/j.1474-919X.2007.00670.x
    • McGregor, R. et al. 2007. Survival rates of tropical birds in Nigeria, West Africa Ibis 149 : 615 618. (Pubitemid 47036528)
    • (2007) Ibis , vol.149 , Issue.3 , pp. 615-618
    • McGregor, R.1    Whittingham, M.J.2    Cresswell, W.3
  • 43
    • 43049165313 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of urbanization on species richness: A review of plants and animals
    • McKinney, M. L. 2008. Effects of urbanization on species richness: a review of plants and animals Urban Ecosyst. 11 : 161 176.
    • (2008) Urban Ecosyst. , vol.11 , pp. 161-176
    • McKinney, M.L.1
  • 45
    • 2942735483 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparative survey of the ectoparasite fauna of wild and farm-reared red-legged partridges (Alectoris rufa), with an ecological study in wild populations
    • DOI 10.1007/s00436-004-1113-9
    • Millan, J. et al. 2004. Comparative survey of the ectoparasite fauna of wild and farm-reared red-legged partridges (Alectoris rufa), with an ecological study in wild populations Parasitol Res. 93 : 79 85. (Pubitemid 38797744)
    • (2004) Parasitology Research , vol.93 , Issue.1 , pp. 79-85
    • Millan, J.1    Gortazar, C.2    Martin-Mateo, M.P.3    Villafuerte, R.4
  • 46
    • 0001854006 scopus 로고
    • Systematic revision and natural history of the American shrikes (Lanius)
    • Miller, A. H. 1931. Systematic revision and natural history of the American shrikes (Lanius) Univ. California Publ. Zool. 38 : 11 242.
    • (1931) Univ. California Publ. Zool. , vol.38 , pp. 11-242
    • Miller, A.H.1
  • 48
    • 34447256562 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The incidence and effects of ticks on migrating birds at a stopover site in Maine
    • DOI 10.1656/1092-6194(2007)14[171:TIAEOT]2.0.CO;2
    • Morris, S. R. et al. 2007. The incidence and effects of ticks on migrating birds at a stopover site in Maine Northeast. Nat. 14 : 171 182. (Pubitemid 47047893)
    • (2007) Northeastern Naturalist , vol.14 , Issue.2 , pp. 171-182
    • Morris, S.R.1    Ertel, M.C.2    Wright, M.P.3
  • 49
    • 0033877117 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The evolution of cooperative and pair breeding in thornbills Acanthiza (Pardalotidae)
    • Nicholls, J. A. et al. 2000. The evolution of cooperative and pair breeding in thornbills Acanthiza (Pardalotidae) J. Avian Biol. 31 : 165 176. (Pubitemid 30622690)
    • (2000) Journal of Avian Biology , vol.31 , Issue.2 , pp. 165-176
    • Nicholls, J.A.1    Double, M.C.2    Rowell, D.M.3    Magrath, R.D.4
  • 50
    • 54949125690 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Understorey predicts microclimate and the spatial distribution of Ixodes hirsti in South Australia
    • Oorebeek, M. Kleindorfer, S. 2008. Understorey predicts microclimate and the spatial distribution of Ixodes hirsti in South Australia Aust. J. Zool. 56 : 123 127.
    • (2008) Aust. J. Zool. , vol.56 , pp. 123-127
    • Oorebeek, M.1    Kleindorfer, S.2
  • 51
    • 0034042097 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Biodiversity and disease risk: The case of Lyme disease
    • DOI 10.1046/j.1523-1739.2000.99014.x
    • Ostfeld, R. S. Keesing, F. 2000. Biodiversity and disease risk: the case of Lyme disease Conserv. Biol. 14 : 722 728. (Pubitemid 30390728)
    • (2000) Conservation Biology , vol.14 , Issue.3 , pp. 722-728
    • Ostfeld, R.S.1    Keesing, F.2
  • 52
    • 53049093970 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Land-use effects on prevalence of raccoon roundworm (Baylisascaris procyonis)
    • Page, L. K. et al. 2008. Land-use effects on prevalence of raccoon roundworm (Baylisascaris procyonis) J. Wildlife Dis. 44 : 594 599.
    • (2008) J. Wildlife Dis. , vol.44 , pp. 594-599
    • Page, L.K.1
  • 54
    • 34247326987 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Increased sedentariness in European blackbirds following urbanization: A consequence of local adaptation?
    • DOI 10.1890/06-1105
    • Partecke, J. Gwinner, E. 2007. Increased sedentariness in European blackbirds following urbanisation: a consequence of local adaptation? Ecology 88 : 882 890. (Pubitemid 46641565)
    • (2007) Ecology , vol.88 , Issue.4 , pp. 882-890
    • Partecke, J.1    Gwinner, E.2
  • 55
    • 0034984629 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Do southern African songbirds live longer than their European counterparts?
    • Peach, W. J. et al. 2001. Do southern African songbirds live longer than their European counterparts? Oikos 93 : 235 249. (Pubitemid 32575640)
    • (2001) Oikos , vol.93 , Issue.2 , pp. 235-249
    • Peach, W.J.1    Hanmer, D.B.2    Oatley, T.B.3
  • 56
    • 0033830560 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Influence of saturation deficit and temperature on Ixodes ricinus tick questing activity in a Lyme borreliosis endemic area (Switzerland)
    • Perret, J.-L. et al. 2000. Influence of saturation deficit and temperature on Ixodes ricinus tick questing activity in a Lyme borreliosis endemic area (Switzerland) Parasitol. Res. 86 : 554 557.
    • (2000) Parasitol. Res. , vol.86 , pp. 554-557
    • Perret, J.-L.1
  • 57
    • 0038371196 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Demographic factors contributing to high raccoon densities in urban landscapes
    • Prange, S. et al. 2003. Demographic factors contributing to high raccoon densities in urban landscapes J. Wildlife Manage. 67 : 324 333. (Pubitemid 36536747)
    • (2003) Journal of Wildlife Management , vol.67 , Issue.2 , pp. 324-333
    • Prange, S.1    Gehrt, S.D.2    Wiggers, E.P.3
  • 58
    • 34547132533 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Influence of urbanization on the epidemiology of intestinal helminths of the red fox (Vulpes vulpes) in Geneva, Switzerland
    • DOI 10.1007/s00436-007-0520-0
    • Reperant, L. A. et al. 2007. Influence of urbanization on the epidemiology of intestinal helminths of the red fox (Vulpes vulpes) in Geneva, Switzerland Parasitol. Res. 101 : 605 611. (Pubitemid 47101419)
    • (2007) Parasitology Research , vol.101 , Issue.3 , pp. 605-611
    • Reperant, L.A.1    Hegglin, D.2    Fischer, C.3    Kohler, L.4    Weber, J.-M.5    Deplazes, P.6
  • 59
    • 15944392773 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Avian malaria in Brazilian passerine birds: Parasitism detected by nested PCR using DNA from stained blood smears
    • DOI 10.1017/S0031182004006596
    • Ribeiro, S. F. et al. 2005. Avian malaria in Brazilian passerine birds: parasitism detected by nested PCR using DNA from stained blood smears Parasitology 130 : 261 267. (Pubitemid 40444944)
    • (2005) Parasitology , vol.130 , Issue.3 , pp. 261-267
    • Ribeiro, S.F.1    Sebaio, F.2    Branquinho, F.C.S.3    Marini, M.A.4    Vago, A.R.5    Braga, E.M.6
  • 60
    • 0031284514 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparative demography of new world populations of thrushes (Turdus spp.)
    • Ricklefs, R. E. 1997. Comparative demography of New World populations of thrushes (Turdus spp.) Ecol. Monogr. 67 : 23 43. (Pubitemid 28367590)
    • (1997) Ecological Monographs , vol.67 , Issue.1 , pp. 23-43
    • Ricklefs, R.E.1
  • 61
    • 23944443214 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparative demography of New World populations of thrushes (Turdus spp.): Comment
    • Ricklefs, R. E. Rohwer, S. 2005. Comparative demography of new world populations of thrushes (Turdus ssp.): reply Ecology 86 : 2541 2544. (Pubitemid 41209525)
    • (2005) Ecology , vol.86 , Issue.9 , pp. 2536-2544
    • Conn, P.B.1    Doherty, P.F.2    Nichols, J.D.3    Ricklefs, R.E.4    Rohwer, S.5
  • 62
    • 34547616260 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Estimating annual survival in sexually dimorphic species from proportions of first-year birds
    • Ricklefs, R. E. Shea, R. E. 2007. Estimating annual survival in sexually dimorphic species from proportions of first-year birds Ecology 88 : 1408 1419.
    • (2007) Ecology , vol.88 , pp. 1408-1419
    • Ricklefs, R.E.1    Shea, R.E.2
  • 63
    • 1542319224 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Using age ratios to infer survival and despotic breeding dispersal in hybridizing warblers
    • Rohwer, S. 2004. Using age ratios to infer survival and despotic breeding dispersal in hybridising warblers Ecology 85 : 423 431. (Pubitemid 38319111)
    • (2004) Ecology , vol.85 , Issue.2 , pp. 423-431
    • Rohwer, S.1
  • 64
    • 7444266324 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Immature ticks on birds: Temporal abundance and reinfestation
    • Scharf, W. C. 2004. Immature ticks on birds: temporal abundance and reinfestation Northeast. Nat. 11 : 143 150. (Pubitemid 39438044)
    • (2004) Northeastern Naturalist , vol.11 , Issue.2 , pp. 143-150
    • Scharf, W.C.1
  • 65
    • 33645984544 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • From patterns to emerging processes in mechanistic urban ecology
    • Schochat, E. et al. 2006. From patterns to emerging processes in mechanistic urban ecology Trends Ecol. Evol. 21 : 186 191.
    • (2006) Trends Ecol. Evol. , vol.21 , pp. 186-191
    • Schochat, E.1
  • 66
    • 0036531879 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Community ecology theory as a framework for biological invasions
    • DOI 10.1016/S0169-5347(02)02495-3, PII S0169534701024296
    • Shea, K. Chesson, P. 2002. Community ecology theory as a framework for biological invasions Trends Ecol. Evol. 17 : 170 176. (Pubitemid 34219310)
    • (2002) Trends in Ecology and Evolution , vol.17 , Issue.4 , pp. 170-176
    • Shea, K.1    Chesson, P.2
  • 67
    • 1542341925 scopus 로고
    • The annual mortality of the blue tit in different parts of its range
    • Snow, D. W. 1956. The annual mortality of the blue tit in different parts of its range Brit. Birds 49 : 174 177.
    • (1956) Brit. Birds , vol.49 , pp. 174-177
    • Snow, D.W.1
  • 69
    • 0038456102 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Parasite mediated mortality and host immune response explain age-related differences in blood parasitism in birds
    • Sol, D. et al. 2003. Parasite mediated mortality and host immune response explain age-related differences in blood parasitism in birds Oecologia 135 : 542 547. (Pubitemid 36704378)
    • (2003) Oecologia , vol.135 , Issue.4 , pp. 542-547
    • Sol, D.1    Jovani, R.2    Torres, J.3
  • 72
    • 0033744365 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Exposure to ectoparasites increases within-brood variability in size and body mass in the sand martin
    • Szep, T. Møller, A. P. 2000. Exposure to ectoparasites increases within-brood variability in size and body mass in the sand martin Oecologia 125 : 201 207.
    • (2000) Oecologia , vol.125 , pp. 201-207
    • Szep, T.1    Møller, A.P.2
  • 73
    • 34547781750 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • MEGA4: Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis (MEGA) software version 4.0
    • DOI 10.1093/molbev/msm092
    • Tamura, K. et al. 2007. MEGA4: molecular evolutionary genetics analysis (MEGA) software ver. 4.0 Mol. Biol. Evol. 24 : 1596 1599. (Pubitemid 47236692)
    • (2007) Molecular Biology and Evolution , vol.24 , Issue.8 , pp. 1596-1599
    • Tamura, K.1    Dudley, J.2    Nei, M.3    Kumar, S.4
  • 74
    • 0036364178 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fatal spirochetosis due to a relapsing fever-like Borrelia sp. in a northern spotted owl
    • Thomas, N. J. et al. 2002. Fatal spirochetosis due to a relapsing fever-like Borrelia sp. in a northern spotted owl J. Wildlife Dis. 38 : 187 193. (Pubitemid 135692486)
    • (2002) Journal of Wildlife Diseases , vol.38 , Issue.1 , pp. 187-193
    • Thomas, N.J.1    Bunikis, J.2    Barbour, A.G.3    Wolcott, M.J.4
  • 75
    • 33846263579 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impact of blood parasites on immunoglobulin level and parental effort: A medication field experiment on a wild passerine
    • DOI 10.1111/j.1365-2435.2006.01214.x
    • Tomás, G. et al. 2007. Impact of blood parasites on immunoglobulin level and parental effort: a medication field experiment on a wild passerine Funct. Ecol. 21 : 125 133. (Pubitemid 46095646)
    • (2007) Functional Ecology , vol.21 , Issue.1 , pp. 125-133
    • Tomas, G.1    Merino, S.2    Moreno, J.3    Morales, J.4    Martinez-De La Puente, J.5
  • 78
    • 0028995090 scopus 로고
    • Controlling Lyme disease by modifying the density and species composition of tick hosts
    • Vanbuskirk, J. Ostfeld, R. S. 1995. Controlling Lyme-disease by modifying the density and species composition of tick hosts Ecol. Appl. 5 : 1133 1140. (Pubitemid 3004275)
    • (1995) Ecological Applications , vol.5 , Issue.4 , pp. 1133-1140
    • Van Buskirk, J.1    Ostfeld, R.S.2
  • 79
    • 0001761994 scopus 로고
    • The epizootiology and ecological significance of malaria in Hawaiian land birds
    • Van Riper, C. et al. 1986. The epizootiology and ecological significance of malaria in Hawaiian land birds Ecol. Monogr. 56 : 327 344.
    • (1986) Ecol. Monogr. , vol.56 , pp. 327-344
    • Van Riper, C.1
  • 80
    • 1442274864 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A New Nested Polymerase Chain Reaction Method Very Efficient in Detecting Plasmodium and Haemoproteus infections from Avian Blood
    • DOI 10.1645/GE-3221RN
    • Waldenström, J. et al. 2004. A new nested polymerase chain reaction method very efficient in detecting Plasmodium and Haemoproteus infections from avian blood J. Parasitol. 90 : 191 194. (Pubitemid 38280755)
    • (2004) Journal of Parasitology , vol.90 , Issue.1 , pp. 191-194
    • Waldenstrom, J.1    Bensch, S.2    Hasselquist, D.3    Ostman, O.4
  • 81
    • 36749006199 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • British mammal populations: Fifty years of change
    • DOI 10.1111/j.1365-2907.2007.00114.x
    • Yalden, D. W. et al. 2007. British mammal populations: fifty years of change Mammal Rev. 7 : 257 258. (Pubitemid 350214890)
    • (2007) Mammal Review , vol.37 , Issue.4 , pp. 257-258
    • Yalden, D.W.1    Shore, R.F.2    McDonald, R.A.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.