Ultrasound contrast agents in ischemic stroke

Cerebrovascular Diseases

Volumn 27, Issue SUPPL. 2, 2009, Pages 25-39

  Seidel, Günter ^a   Meairs, Stephen ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL SCHLESWIG HOLSTEIN   (Germany)

^b UNIVERSITY OF HEIDELBERG   (Germany)

Author keywords

Ischemic stroke; Mechanical index; Ultrasound contrast agents; Ultrasound evaluation

Indexed keywords

ECHO CONTRAST MEDIUM;

BASILAR ARTERY; BLOOD FLOW VELOCITY; BRAIN MICROCIRCULATION; BRAIN PERFUSION; BRAIN VEIN; CEREBROVASCULAR ACCIDENT; COLOR ULTRASOUND FLOWMETRY; HUMAN; IMAGING SYSTEM; MICROBUBBLE; NONHUMAN; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW; RISK ASSESSMENT; STROKE; ULTRASOUND; VERTEBRAL ARTERY;

BLOOD FLOW VELOCITY; CEREBRAL ARTERIES; CEREBROVASCULAR CIRCULATION; CONTRAST MEDIA; HUMANS; MICROBUBBLES; STROKE; ULTRASONOGRAPHY, DOPPLER, TRANSCRANIAL;

EID: 65349137624     PISSN: 10159770     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1159/000203124     Document Type: Review

References (90)

1. Ophir J, Parker KJ: Contrast agents in diagnostic ultrasound. Ultrasound Med Biol 1989; 15: 319-333.
2. Bogdahn U, Becker G, Schlief R, Reddig J, Hassel W: Contrast-enhanced transcranial color-coded real-time sonography. Results of a phase-two study. Stroke 1993; 24: 676- 684.
3. Becker G, Lindner A, Bogdahn U: Imaging of the vertebrobasilar system by transcranial color-coded real-time sonography. J Ultrasound Med 1993; 12: 395-401.
4. Khan HG, Gailloud P, Bude RO, Martin JB, Szopinski KT, Khaw C, Rufenacht DA, Murphy KJ: The effect of contrast material on transcranial Doppler evaluation of normal middle cerebral artery peak systolic velocity. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2000; 21: 386-390.
5. Gerriets T, Seidel G, Fiss I, Modrau B, Kaps M: Contrast-enhanced transcranial colorcoded duplex sonography: efficiency and validity. Neurology 1999; 52: 1133-1137.
6. Nabavi DG, Droste DW, Kemeny V, Schulte- Altedorneburg G, Weber S, Ringelstein EB: Potential and limitations of echocontrastenhanced ultrasonography in acute stroke patients: a pilot study. Stroke 1998; 29: 949- 954.
7. Postert T, Braun B, Meves S, Koster O, Przuntek H, Weber S, Buttner T: Contrastenhanced transcranial color-coded sonography in acute hemispheric brain infarction. Stroke 1999; 30: 1819-1826.
8. Seidel G, Kaps M, Gerriets T: Potential and limitations of transcranial color-coded sonography in stroke patients. Stroke 1995; 26: 2061-2066.
9. Ries F, Honisch C, Lambertz M, Schlief R: A transpulmonary contrast medium enhances the transcranial Doppler signal in humans. Stroke 1993; 24: 1903-1909.
10. Haggag KJ, Russell D, Brucher R, Dahl A, Jakobsen J, Bakke S, Muan B: Contrast enhanced pulsed Doppler and colour-coded Duplex studies of the cranial vasculature. Eur J Neurol 1999; 6: 443-448.
11. Otis S, Rush M, Boyajian R: Contrast-enhanced transcranial imaging. Results of an American phase-two study. Stroke 1995; 26: 203-209.
12. Murphy KJ, Bude RO, Dickinson LD, Rubin JM: Use of intravenous contrast material in transcranial sonography. Acad Radiol 1997; 4: 577-582.
13. Stolz E, Kaps M, Kern A, Dorndorf W: Frontal bone windows for transcranial color-coded duplex sonography. Stroke 1999; 30: 814- 820.
14. Delcker A, Turowski B: Diagnostic value of three-dimensional transcranial contrast duplex sonography. J Neuroimaging 1997; 7: 139-144.
15. Baumgartner RW, Arnold M, Gonner F, Staikow I, Herrmann C, Rivoir A, Muri RM: Contrast-enhanced transcranial color-coded duplex sonography in ischemic cerebrovascular disease. Stroke 1997; 28: 2473-2478.
16. Nabavi DG, Droste DW, Schulte-Altedorneburg G, Kemeny V, Panzica M, Weber S, Ringelstein EB: Diagnostic benefit of echocontrast enhancement for the insufficient transtemporal bone window. J Neuroimaging 1999; 9: 102-107.
17. Furst G, Sitzer M, Hofer M, Steinmetz H, Hacklander T, Modder U: Contrast-enhanced color-coded duplex ultrasound of high grade carotid stenoses (in German). Ultraschall Med 1995; 16: 140-144.
18. Sitzer M, Furst G, Siebler M, Steinmetz H: Usefulness of an intravenous contrast medium in the characterization of high-grade internal carotid stenosis with color Dopplerassisted duplex imaging. Stroke 1994; 25: 385-389.
19. Furst G, Saleh A, Wenserski F, Malms J, Cohnen M, Aulich A, Neumann-Haefelin T, Schroeter M, Steinmetz H, Sitzer M: Reliability and validity of noninvasive imaging of internal carotid artery pseudo-occlusion. Stroke 1999; 30: 1444-1449.
20. Droste DW, Jurgens R, Nabavi DG, Schuierer G, Weber S, Ringelstein EB: Echocontrastenhanced ultrasound of extracranial internal carotid artery high-grade stenosis and occlusion. Stroke 1999; 30: 2302-2306.
21. Ferrer JM, Samso JJ, Serrando JR, Valenzuela VF, Montoya SB, Docampo MM: Use of ultrasound contrast in the diagnosis of carotid artery occlusion. J Vasc Surg 2000; 31: 736-741.
22. Hofstee DJ, Hoogland PH, Schimsheimer RJ, de Weerd AW: Contrast enhanced color duplex for diagnosis of subtotal stenosis or occlusion of the internal carotid artery. Clin Neurol Neurosurg 2000; 102: 9-12.
23. Goertler M, Kross R, Baeumer M, Jost S, Grote R, Weber S, Wallesch CW: Diagnostic impact and prognostic relevance of early contrast-enhanced transcranial color-coded duplex sonography in acute stroke. Stroke 1998; 29: 955-962.
24. Gahn G, Hahn G, Hallmeyer-Elgner S, Kunz A, Straube T, Bourquain H, Reichmann H, von Kummer R: Echo-enhanced transcranial color-coded duplex sonography to study collateral blood flow in patients with symptomatic obstructions of the internal carotid artery and limited acoustic bone windows. Cerebrovasc Dis 2001; 11: 107-112.
25. Droste DW, Jurgens R, Weber S, Tietje R, Ringelstein EB: Benefit of echocontrast-enhanced transcranial color-coded duplex ultrasound in the assessment of intracranial collateral pathways. Stroke 2000; 31: 920- 923.
26. Iglseder B, Huemer M, Staffen W, Ladurner G: Imaging the basilar artery by contrast-enhanced color-coded ultrasound. J Neuroimaging 2000; 10: 195-199.
27. Droste DW, Nabavi DG, Kemeny V, Schulte- Altedorneburg G, Ritter MA, Weber S, Ringelstein EB: Echocontrast enhanced transcranial colour-coded duplex offers improved visualization of the vertebrobasilar system. Acta Neurol Scand 1998; 98: 193- 199.
28. Seidel G, Kaps M: Harmonic imaging of the vertebrobasilar system. Stroke 1997; 28: 1610-1613.
29. Koga M, Kimura K, Minematsu K, Yamaguchi T: Relationship between findings of conventional and contrast-enhanced transcranial color-coded real-time sonography and angiography in patients with basilar artery occlusion. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2002; 23: 568-571.
30. Ries S, Steinke W, Neff KW, Hennerici M: Echocontrast-enhanced transcranial colorcoded sonography for the diagnosis of transverse sinus venous thrombosis. Stroke 1997; 28: 696-700.
31. Uggowitzer MM, Kugler C, Riccabona M, Klein GE, Leber K, Simbrunner J, Quehenberger F: Cerebral arteriovenous malformations: diagnostic value of echo-enhanced transcranial Doppler sonography compared with angiography. Am J Neuroradiol 1999; 20: 101-106.
32. Kaps M, Legemate DA, Ries F, Ackerstaff RG, Markus H, Pezzoll C, Llull JB, Spinazzi A: SonoVue in transcranial Doppler investigations of the cerebral arteries. J Neuroimaging 2001; 11: 261-267.
33. Kaps M, Seidel G, Algermissen C, Gerriets T, Broillet A: Pharmacokinetics of echocontrast agent infusion in a dog model. J Neuroimaging 2001; 11: 298-302.
34. Seidel G, Greis C, Sonne J, Kaps M: Harmonic grey scale imaging of the human brain. J Neuroimaging 1999; 9: 171-174.
35. Postert T, Muhs A, Meves S, Federlein J, Przuntek H, Buttner T: Transient response harmonic imaging: an ultrasound technique related to brain perfusion. Stroke 1998; 29: 1901-1907.
36. Meairs S, Daffertshofer M, Neff W, Eschenfelder C, Hennerici M: Pulse-inversion contrast harmonic imaging: ultrasonographic assessment of cerebral perfusion. Lancet 2000; 355: 550-551.
37. Federlein J, Postert T, Meves S, Weber S, Przuntek H, Buttner T: Ultrasonic evaluation of pathological brain perfusion in acute stroke using second harmonic imaging. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2000; 69: 616-622.
38. Harrer JU, Mayfrank L, Mull M, Klotzsch C: Second harmonic imaging: a new ultrasound technique to assess human brain tumour perfusion. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2003; 74: 333-338.
39. Pohl C, Tiemann K, Schlosser T, Becher H: Stimulated acoustic emission detected by transcranial color Doppler ultrasound: a contrast-specific phenomenon useful for the detection of cerebral tissue perfusion. Stroke 2000; 31: 1661-1666.
40. Eyding J, Krogias C, Wilkening W, Meves S, Ermert H, Postert T: Parameters of cerebral perfusion in phase-inversion harmonic imaging (PIHI) ultrasound examinations. Ultrasound Med Biol 2003; 29: 1379-1385.
41. Postert T, Hoppe P, Federlein J, Helbeck S, Ermert H, Przuntek H, Buttner T, Wilkening W: Contrast agent specific imaging modes for the ultrasonic assessment of parenchymal cerebral echo contrast enhancement. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2000; 20: 1709- 1716.
42. Eyding J, Wilkening W, Reckhardt M, Schmid G, Meves S, Ermert H, Przuntek H, Postert T: Contrast burst depletion imaging (CODIM): a new imaging procedure and analysis method for semiquantitative ultrasonic perfusion imaging. Stroke 2003; 34: 77- 83.
43. Meyer K, Seidel G: Transcranial contrast diminution imaging of the human brain: a pilot study in healthy volunteers. Ultrasound Med Biol 2002; 28: 1433-1437.
44. Seidel G, Meyer K, Metzler V, Toth D, Vida- Langwasser M, Aach T: Human cerebral perfusion analysis with ultrasound contrast agent constant infusion: a pilot study on healthy volunteers. Ultrasound Med Biol 2002; 28: 183-189.
45. Eyding J, Wilkening W, Krogias C, Holscher T, Przuntek H, Meves S, Postert T: Validation of the depletion kinetic in semiquantitative ultrasonographic cerebral perfusion imaging using 2 different techniques of data acquisition. J Ultrasound Med 2004; 23: 1035- 1040.
46. Harrer JU, Klotzsch C: Second harmonic imaging of the human brain: the practicability of coronal insonation planes and alternative perfusion parameters. Stroke 2002; 33: 1530- 1535.
47. Meves SH, Wilkening W, Thies T, Eyding J, Holscher T, Finger M, Schmid G, Ermert H, Postert T: Comparison between echo contrast agent-specific imaging modes and perfusion- weighted magnetic resonance imaging for the assessment of brain perfusion. Stroke 2002; 33: 2433-2437.
48. Seidel G, Algermissen C, Christoph A, Katzer T, Kaps M: Visualization of brain perfusion with harmonic gray scale and power Doppler technology: an animal pilot study. Stroke 2000; 31: 1728-1734.
49. Wiesmann M, Seidel G: Ultrasound perfusion imaging of the human brain. Stroke 2000; 31: 2421-2425.
50. Krogias C, Postert T, Meves S, Wilkening W, Przuntek H, Eyding J: Semiquantitative analysis of ultrasonic cerebral perfusion imaging. Ultrasound Med Biol 2005; 31: 1007- 1012.
51. Kern R, Perren F, Kreisel S, Szabo K, Hennerici M, Meairs S: Multi-planar transcranial ultrasound imaging - standards, landmarks and correlation with magnetic resonance imaging. Ultrasound Med Biol 2005; 31: 311- 315.
52. Wiesmann M, Meyer K, Albers T, Seidel G: Parametric perfusion imaging with contrast- enhanced ultrasound in acute ischemic stroke. Stroke 2004; 35: 508-513.
53. Seidel G, Meyer-Wiethe K, Berdien G, Hollstein D, Toth D, Aach T: Ultrasound perfusion imaging in acute middle cerebral artery infarction predicts outcome. Stroke 2004; 35: 1107-1111.
54. Eyding J, Krogias C, Schollhammer M, Eyding D, Wilkening W, Meves S, Schroder A, Przuntek H, Postert T: Contrast-enhanced ultrasonic parametric perfusion imaging detects dysfunctional tissue at risk in acute MCA stroke. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2006; 26: 576-582.
55. Eyding J, Nolte-Martin A, Krogias C, Postert T: Changes of contrast-specific ultrasonic cerebral perfusion patterns in the course of stroke; reliability of region-wise and parametric imaging analysis. Ultrasound Med Biol 2007; 33: 329-334.
56. Holscher T, Wilkening W, Draganski B, Meves SH, Eyding J, Voit H, Bogdahn U, Przuntek H, Postert T: Transcranial ultrasound brain perfusion assessment with a contrast agent-specific imaging mode: results of a two-center trial. Stroke 2005; 36: 2283-2285.
57. Sobesky J, Zaro WO, Lehnhardt FG, Hesselmann V, Thiel A, Dohmen C, Jacobs A, Neveling M, Heiss WD: Which time-to-peak threshold best identifies penumbral flow? A comparison of perfusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging and positron emission tomography in acute ischemic stroke. Stroke 2004; 35: 2843-2847.
58. Kern R, Perren F, Schoeneberger K, Gass A, Hennerici M, Meairs S: Ultrasound microbubble destruction imaging in acute middle cerebral artery stroke. Stroke 2004; 35: 1665- 1670.
59. Meyer-Wiethe K, Cangur H, Seidel GU: Comparison of different mathematical models to analyze diminution kinetics of ultrasound contrast enhancement in a flow phantom. Ultrasound Med Biol 2005; 31: 93-98.
60. Lucidarme O, Kono Y, Corbeil J, Choi SH, Mattrey RF: Validation of ultrasound contrast destruction imaging for flow quantification. Ultrasound Med Biol 2003; 29: 1697- 1704.
61. Metzler V, Seidel G, Wiesmann M, Meyer K, Aach T: Perfusion harmonic imaging of the human brain; in Walker WF, Isana MF (eds): SPIE Symposium on Medical Imaging 2003: Ultrasonic Imaging and Signal Processing. Bellingham, International Society for Optical Engineering, 2003, pp 337-348.
62. Wilkening W, Postert T, Federlein J, et al: Ultrasonic assessment of perfusion conditions in the brain and in the liver. Proc IEEE Ultrason Symp, New York, 2000, pp 1545- 1548.
63. Diels A, Pettenpohl J, Kern R, Kablau M, Sick C, Hennerici M, Meairs S: Real-time microbubble refill kinetics in patients with MCA infarction. Cerebrovasc Dis 2007; 23: 17.
64. Wiesmann M, Meyer K, Albers T, Seidel G: Parametric perfusion imaging with contrast- enhanced ultrasound in acute ischemic stroke. Stroke 2004; 35: 508-513.
65. Harrer JU, Klotzsch C, Stracke CP, Moller- Hartmann W: Cerebral perfusion sonography in comparison with perfusion MRT: a study with healthy volunteers (in German). Ultraschall Med 2004; 25: 263-269.
66. Jungehulsing GJ, Brunecker P, Nolte CH, Fiebach JB, Kunze C, Doepp F, Villringer A, Schreiber SJ: Diagnostic transcranial ultrasound perfusion-imaging at 2.5 MHz does not affect the blood-brain barrier. Ultrasound Med Biol 2008; 34: 147-150.
67. Stroick M, Alonso A, Fatar M, Griebe M, Kreisel S, Kern R, Gaud E, Arditi M, Hennerici M, Meairs S: Effects of simultaneous application of ultrasound and microbubbles on intracerebral hemorrhage in an animal model. Ultrasound Med Biol 2006; 32: 1377- 1382.
68. Fatar M, Stroick M, Griebe M, Alonso A, Kreisel S, Kern R, Hennerici M, Meairs S: Effect of combined ultrasound and microbubbles treatment in an experimental model of cerebral ischemia. Ultrasound Med Biol 2008; 34: 1414-1420.
69. Shiogai T, Takayasu N, Mizuno T, Nakagawa M, Furuhata H: Comparison of transcranial brain tissue perfusion images between ultraharmonic, second harmonic, and power harmonic imaging. Stroke 2004; 35: 687-693.
70. Postert T, Federlein J, Weber S, Przuntek H, Buttner T: Second harmonic imaging in acute middle cerebral artery infarction. Preliminary results. Stroke 1999; 30: 1702-1706.
71. Schlachetzki F, Hoelscher T, Dorenbeck U, Greiffenberg B, Marienhagen J, Ullrich O, Bogdahn U: Sonographic parenchymal and brain perfusion imaging: preliminary results in four patients following decompressive surgery for malignant middle cerebral artery infarct. Ultrasound Med Biol 2001; 27: 21-31.
72. Stolz E, Allendorfer J, Jauss M, Traupe H, Kaps M: Sonographic harmonic grey scale imaging of brain perfusion: scope of a new method demonstrated in selected cases. Ultraschall Med 2002; 23: 320-324.
73. Meyer K, Wiesmann M, Albers T, Seidel G: Harmonic imaging in acute stroke: detection of a cerebral perfusion deficit with ultrasound and perfusion MRI. J Neuroimaging 2003; 13: 166-168.
74. Seidel G, Albers T, Meyer K, Wiesmann M: Perfusion harmonic imaging in acute middle cerebral artery infarction. Ultrasound Med Biol 2003; 29: 1245-1251.
75. Eyding J, Krogias C, Wilkening W, Postert T: Detection of cerebral perfusion abnormalities in acute stroke using phase inversion harmonic imaging (PIHI): preliminary results. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2004; 75: 926-929.
76. Meyer-Wiethe K, Cangur H, Schindler A, Koch C, Seidel G: Ultrasound perfusion imaging: determination of thresholds for the identification of critically disturbed perfusion in acute ischemic stroke - a pilot study. Ultrasound Med Biol 2007; 33: 851-856.
77. Nolte CH, Gruss J, Steinbrink J, Jungehulsing GJ, Brunecker P, Hopt AM, Schreiber SJ: Ultrasound perfusion imaging of small stroke involving the thalamus. Ultraschall Med 2008, Epub ahead of print.
78. Niesen W, Marouf W, Weiller C, Hetzel A: Transcranial perfusion sonography preceding thrombolysis - perfusion deficit correlates with clinical as well as vascular status. Cerebrovasc Dis 2008; 25: 27.
79. Bartels E, Bittermann HJ: Transcranial contrast imaging of cerebral perfusion in stroke patients following decompressive craniectomy. Ultraschall Med 2004; 25: 206-213.
80. Ay T, Havaux X, Van Camp G, Campanelli B, Gisellu G, Pasquet A, Denef JF, Melin JA, Vanoverschelde JL: Destruction of contrast microbubbles by ultrasound: effects on myocardial function, coronary perfusion pressure, and microvascular integrity. Circulation 2001; 104: 461-466.
81. Hynynen K, McDannold N, Martin H, Jolesz FA, Vykhodtseva N: The threshold for brain damage in rabbits induced by bursts of ultrasound in the presence of an ultrasound contrast agent (Optison). Ultrasound Med Biol 2003; 29: 473-481.
82. Hynynen K, McDannold N, Sheikov NA, Jolesz FA, Vykhodtseva N: Local and reversible blood-brain barrier disruption by noninvasive focused ultrasound at frequencies suitable for trans-skull sonications. Neuroimage 2005; 24: 12-20.
83. Mychaskiw G, Badr AE, Tibbs R, Clower BR, Zhang JH: Optison (FS069) disrupts the blood-brain barrier in rats. Anesth Analg 2000; 91: 798-803.
84. Pettenpohl J, Diels A, Kablau M, Kern R, Sick C, Hennerici M, Meairs S: Dynamic microvascular perfusion maps for assessment of brain infarction. Cerebrovasc Dis 2007; 23: 16.
85. Claudon M, Cosgrove D, Albrecht T, Bolondi L, Bosio M, Calliada F, Correas JM, Darge K, Dietrich C, D'Onofrio M, Evans DH, Filice C, Greiner L, Jager K, Jong N, Leen E, Lencioni R, Lindsell D, Martegani A, Meairs S, Nolsoe C, Piscaglia F, Ricci P, Seidel G, Skjoldbye B, Solbiati L, Thorelius L, Tranquart F, Weskott HP, Whittingham T: Guidelines and good clinical practice recommendations for contrast enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) - update 2008. Ultraschall Med 2008; 29: 28-44.
86. Gahn G, Gerber J, Hallmeyer S, Reichmann H, von Kummer R: Noninvasive assessment of the circle of Willis in cerebral ischemia: the potential of CT angiography and contrast- enhanced transcranial color-coded duplexsonography. Cerebrovasc Dis 1999;9: 290-294.
87. Gahn G, Gerber J, Hallmeyer S, Hahn G, Ackermann GH, Reichmann H, von Kummer R: Contrast-enhanced transcranial color- coded duplexsonography in stroke patients with limited bone windows. Am J Neuroradiol 2000;21:509-514.
88. Gerriets T, Postert T, Goertler M, Stolz E, Schlachetzki F, Sliwka U, Seidel G, Weber S, Kaps M; DIAS I: Duplex-sonographic assessment of the cerebrovascular status in acute stroke. A useful tool for future stroke trials. Stroke 2000;31:2342-2345.
89. Gerriets T, Goertler M, Stolz E, Postert T, 0Sliwka U, Schlachetzki F, Seidel G, Weber S, Kaps M: Feasibility and validity of transcranial duplex sonography in patients with acute stroke. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2002;73:17-20.
90. Meairs S: Contrast-enhanced ultrasound perfusion imaging in acute stroke patients. Eur Neurol 2008;59(suppl 1):17-26.