Clinical and neurocognitive course in early-onset psychosis: A longitudinal study of adolescents with schizophrenia-spectrum disorders

Early Intervention in Psychiatry

Volumn 2, Issue 3, 2008, Pages 169-177

  Wozniak, Jeffrey R ^a,b   Block, Erin E ^a   White, Tonya ^a   Jensen, Jonathan B ^a   Schulz, S Charles ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA MEDICAL CENTER   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA   (United States)

Author keywords

Adolescent; Longitudinal; Neuropsychology; Psychosis; Schizophrenia

Indexed keywords

ATYPICAL ANTIPSYCHOTIC AGENT;

ADOLESCENT; ARTICLE; CLINICAL ARTICLE; COGNITIVE DEFECT; CONTROLLED STUDY; DISEASE ASSOCIATION; DISEASE COURSE; FEMALE; HUMAN; INTELLIGENCE QUOTIENT; LEARNING; LONGITUDINAL STUDY; MALE; MENTAL FUNCTION; ONSET AGE; POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE SYNDROME SCALE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PSYCHOSIS; SCHIZOAFFECTIVE PSYCHOSIS; SCHIZOPHRENIA; SCHIZOPHRENIFORM DISORDER; WORKING MEMORY;

ADOLESCENT; AGE OF ONSET; CHILD; DISEASE PROGRESSION; EXECUTIVE FUNCTION; FEMALE; HUMANS; LONGITUDINAL STUDIES; MALE; MEMORY, SHORT-TERM; NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL TESTS; PSYCHIATRIC STATUS RATING SCALES; SCHIZOPHRENIA; SCHIZOPHRENIC PSYCHOLOGY; VERBAL LEARNING;

EID: 65249126830     PISSN: 17517885     EISSN: 17517893     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-7893.2008.00075.x     Document Type: Article

References (51)

1. McGorry PD. The recognition and optimal management of early psychosis: an evidence-based reform. World Psychiatry 2002; 1 (2): 76-83.
2. Schulz SC, DeOreo E, Lamm J. Neuroimaging in adolescent schizophrenia. In: Findling RL, Schulz SC, eds. Juvenile-Onset Schizophrenia. Baltimore, MD: The Johns Hopkins University Press, 2005; 105-24.
3. Loranger AW. Sex difference in age at onset of schizophrenia. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1984; 41: 157-61.
4. Brickman AM, Buchsbaum MS, Bloom R et al. Neuropsychological functioning in first-break, never-medicated adolescents with psychosis. J Nerv Ment Dis 2004; 192: 615-22.
5. Kenny JT, Friedman L, Findling RL et al. Cognitive impairment in adolescents with schizophrenia. Am J Psychiatry 1997; 154: 1613-5.
6. Kumra S, Wiggs E, Bedwell J et al. Neuropsychological deficits in pediatric patients with childhood-onset schizophrenia and psychotic disorder not otherwise specified. Schizophr Res 2000; 42 (2): 135-44.
7. Findling RL, Friedman L, Kenny JT, Swales TP, Cola DM, Schulz SC. Adolescent schizophrenia: A methodologic review of the current neuroimaging and neuropsychologic literature. J Autism Dev Disord 1995; 25: 627-39.
8. McClellan J, Prezbindowski A, Breiger D, McCurry C. Neuropsychological functioning in early onset psychotic disorders. Schizophr Res 2004; 68: 21-6.
9. Kumra S, Shaw M, Merka P, Nakayama E, Augustin R. Childhood-onset schizophrenia: Research update. Can J Psychiatry 2001; 46: 923-30.
10. Schulz SC, Koller MM. Schizophrenia and schizophreniform disorder. In: George Hsu LK, Hersen M, eds. Recent Developments in Adolescent Psychiatry. New York: Wiley, 1989.
11. Asarnow JR, Tompson MC, Goldstein MJ. Childhood-onset schizophrenia: A followup study. Schizophr Bull 1994; 20: 599-617.
12. Hollis C. Adult outcomes of child- and adolescent-onset schizophrenia: diagnostic stability and predictive validity. Am J Psychiatry 2000; 157: 1652-9.
13. Eggers C, Bunk D. The long-term course of childhood-onset schizophrenia: a 42-year followup. Schizophr Bull 1997; 23: 105-17.
14. Gillberg IC, Hellgren L, Gillberg C. Psychotic disorders diagnosed in adolescence. Outcome at age 30 years. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 1993; 34: 1173-85.
15. Hoff AL, Harris D, Faustman WO et al. A neuropsychological study of early onset schizophrenia. Schizophr Res 1996; 20 (1-2): 21-8.
16. Manschreck TC, Maher BA, Candela SF. Earlier age of first diagnosis in schizophrenia is related to impaired motor control. Schizophr Bull 2004; 30: 351-60.
17. Tuulio-Henriksson A, Partonen T, Suvisaari J, Haukka J, Lonnqvist J. Age at onset and cognitive functioning in schizophrenia. Br J Psychiatry 2004; 185: 215-9.
18. White T, Ho BC, Ward J, O'Leary D, Andreasen NC. Neuropsychological performance in first-episode adolescents with schizophrenia: A comparison with first-episode adults and adolescent control subjects. Biol Psychiatry 2006; 60: 463-71.
19. Ueland T, Oie M, Inge Landro N, Rund BR. Cognitive functioning in adolescents with schizophrenia spectrum disorders. Psychiatry Res 2004; 126: 229-39.
20. Rhinewine JP, Lencz T, Thaden EP et al. Neurocognitive profile in adolescents with early-onset schizophrenia: Clinical correlates. Biol Psychiatry 2005; 58: 705-12.
21. Fagerlund B, Pagsberg AK, Hemmingsen RP. Cognitive deficits and levels of IQ in adolescent onset schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders. Schizophr Res 2006; 85 (1-3): 30-9.
22. Kravariti E, Morris RG, Rabe-Hesketh S, Murray RM, Frangou S. The Maudsley Early-Onset Schizophrenia Study: Cognitive function in adolescent-onset schizophrenia. Schizophr Res 2003; 65 (2-3): 95-103.
23. Rund BR, Melle I, Friis S et al. The course of neurocognitive functioning in first-episode psychosis and its relation to premorbid adjustment, duration of untreated psychosis, and relapse. Schizophr Res 2007; 91 (1-9): 132-40.
24. Gochman PA, Greenstein D, Sporn A et al. IQ stabilization in childhood-onset schizophrenia. Schizophr Res 2005; 77: 271-7.
25. Cervellione KL, Burdick KE, Cottone JG, Rhinewine JP, Kumra S. Neurocognitive deficits in adolescents with schizophrenia: Longitudinal stability and predictive utility for short-term functional outcome. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2007; 46: 867-78.
26. Wechsler D. Wechsler Abbreviated Scales of Intelligence. San Antonio, TX: Psychological Corporation, 1999.
27. Kaufman J, Birmaher B, Brent D et al. Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School-Age Children - Present and Lifetime Version (K-SADS-PL): Initial reliability and validity data. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 1997; 36: 980-8.
28. Kay SR, Fiszbein A, Opler LA. The Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale for schizophrenia. Schizophr Bull 1987; 13: 261-76.
29. Wechsler D. Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children, 3rd edn. San Antonio, TX: The Psychological Corporation, 1991.
30. Wechsler D. Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children, 4th edn. San Antonio, TX: The Psychological Corporation, 2003.
31. Wechsler D. Wechsler Adult Scale, 3rd edn. San Antonio, TX: The Psychological Corporation, 1997.
32. Benton AL, Hamsher K, Sivan AB. Multilingual Aphasia Examination, 3rd edn. Iowa City, IA: AJA Associates, 1983.
33. Heaton RK. A Manual for the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test. Odessa, FL: Psychological Assessment Resources, Inc., 1981.
34. Culbertson WC, Zillmer EA. Tower of London, Drexel University. Toronto: Multi-Health Systems, 2000.
35. Golden C, Freshwater S, Golden Z. The Stroop Color and Word Test: Children's Version. Wood Dale, IL: Stoelting, 1998.
36. Delis DC, Kramer JH, Kaplan E, Ober BA. California Verbal Learning Test (CVLT-II), 2nd edn. San Antonio, TX: The Psychological Corporation, 2000.
37. Delis DC, Kramer JH, Kaplan E, Ober BA. California Verbal Learning Test Manual, Children's Version. San Antonio, TX: The Psychological Corporation, 1994.
38. Gioia GA, Isquith PK, Guy SC, Kenworthy L. Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function (BRIEF). Lutz, FL: Psychological Assessment Resources, Inc., 2000.
39. Woods SW. Chlorpromazine equivalent doses for the newer atypical antipsychotics. J Clin Psychiatry 2003; 64: 663-7.
40. Frangou S, Hadjulis M, Vourdas A. The Maudsley early onset schizophrenia study: Cognitive function over a 4-year follow-up period. Schizophr Bull 2008; 34: 52-9.
41. Kaufman AS. Practice effects. In: Sternberg RJ, ed. Encyclopedia of Human Intelligence (Vol. 2). New York: Macmillan Publishing Company 1994; 828-33.
42. Loveland KA, Stehbens JA, Mahoney EM et al. Declining immune function in children and adolescents with hemophilia and HIV infection: Effects on neuropsychological performance. Hemophilia growth and development study. J Pediatr Psychol 2000; 25 (5): 309-22.
43. James AC, Javaloyes A, James S, Smith DM. Evidence for non-progressive changes in adolescent-onset schizophrenia: Follow-up magnetic resonance imaging study. Br J Psychiatry 2002; 180: 339-44.
44. Thompson PM, Vidal C, Giedd JN etal. Mapping adolescent brain change reveals dynamic wave of accelerated gray matter loss in very early-onset schizophrenia. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2001; 98: 11650-5.
45. Hulshoff Pol HE, Schnack HG, Mandl RC et al. Focal gray matter density changes in schizophrenia. Arch Gen Psychiatry 2001; 58: 1118-25.
46. Whitford TJ, Grieve SM, Farrow TF et al. Progressive grey matter atrophy over the first 2-3 years of illness in first-episode schizophrenia: A tensor-based morphometry study. Neuroimage 2006; 32: 511-9.
47. van Haren NE, Hulshoff Pol HE, Schnack HG et al. Focal gray matter changes in schizophrenia across the course of the illness: A 5-year follow-up study. Neuropsychopharmacology 2007; 32: 2057-66.
48. Ho BC, Andreasen NC, Nopoulos P, Arndt S, Magnotta V, Flaum M. Progressive structural brain abnormalities and their relationship to clinical outcome: A longitudinal magnetic resonance imaging study early in schizophrenia. Arch Gen Psychiatry 2003; 60 (6): 585-94.
49. Cahn W, Hulshoff Pol HE, Lems EB et al. Brain volume changes in first-episode schizophrenia: A 1-year follow-up study. Arch Gen Psychiatry 2002; 59: 1002-10.
50. Addington J, Cadenhead KS, Cannon TD et al. North American Prodrome Longitudinal Study: A collaborative multisite approach to prodromal schizophrenia research. Schizophr Bull 2007; 33: 665-72.
51. McGorry PD. Welcome to early intervention in psychiatry. Early intervention in psychiatry. Early Interv Psychiatry 2007; 1: 1-2.