Size-dependent magnetic spin and orbital moments of Fe nanoparticles deposited onto Co/W(110)

Physical Review B - Condensed Matter and Materials Physics

Volumn 79, Issue 12, 2009, Pages

  Kleibert, A ^a   Meiwes Broer, K H ^a   Bansmann, J ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF ROSTOCK   (Germany)

^b UNIVERSITY OF ULM   (Germany)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 65249097198     PISSN: 10980121     EISSN: 1550235X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevB.79.125423     Document Type: Article

References (67)

1. H. Haberland, Clusters of Atoms and Molecules (Springer, Berlin, 1995).
2. J. P. Bucher, D. C. Douglass, and L. A. Bloomfield, Phys. Rev. Lett. 66, 3052 (1991). 10.1103/PhysRevLett.66.3052
3. I. M. L. Billas, J. A. Becker, A. Chĝtelain, and W. A. de Heer, Phys. Rev. Lett. 71, 4067 (1993). 10.1103/PhysRevLett.71.4067
4. I. M. L. Billas, A. Chĝtelain, and W. A. de Heer, Science 265, 1682 (1994). 10.1126/science.265.5179.1682
5. K. W. Edmonds, C. Binns, S. H. Baker, S. C. Thornton, C. Norris, J. B. Goedkoop, M. Finazzi, and N. B. Brookes, Phys. Rev. B 60, 472 (1999). 10.1103/PhysRevB.60.472
6. P. Ohresser, G. Ghiringhelli, O. Tjernberg, N. B. Brookes, and M. Finazzi, Phys. Rev. B 62, 5803 (2000). 10.1103/PhysRevB.62.5803
7. J. T. Lau, A. Föhlisch, R. Nietubyc, M. Reif, and W. Wurth, Phys. Rev. Lett. 89, 057201 (2002). 10.1103/PhysRevLett.89.057201
8. H. A. Dürr, S. S. Dhesi, E. Dudzik, D. Knabben, G. van der Laan, J. B. Goedkoop, and F. U. Hillebrecht, Phys. Rev. B 59, R701 (1999). 10.1103/PhysRevB.59.R701
9. T. Koide, H. Miyauchi, J. Okamoto, T. Shidara, A. Fujimori, H. Fukutani, K. Amemiya, H. Takeshita, S. Yuasa, T. Katayama, and Y. Suzuki, Phys. Rev. Lett. 87, 257201 (2001). 10.1103/PhysRevLett.87.257201
10. J. Bansmann, S. H. Baker, C. Binns, J. A. Blackman, J. P. Bucher, J. Dorantes-Dávila, V. Dupuis, L. Favre, D. Kechrakos, A. Kleibert, K.-H. Meiwes-Broer, G. M. Pastor, A. Perez, O. Toulemonde, K. N. Trohidou, J. Tuaillon, and Y. Xie, Surf. Sci. Rep. 56, 189 (2005). 10.1016/j.surfrep.2004.10. 001
11. P. Gambardella, S. Rusponi, M. Veronese, S. S. Dhesi, C. Grazioli, A. Dallmeyer, I. Cabria, R. Zeller, P. H. Dederichs, K. Kern, C. Carbone, and H. Brune, Science 300, 1130 (2003). 10.1126/science.1082857
12. V. F. Puntes, K. M. Krishnan, and A. P. Alivisatos, Science 291, 2115 (2001). 10.1126/science.1057553
13. F. Baletto and R. Ferrando, Rev. Mod. Phys. 77, 371 (2005). 10.1103/RevModPhys.77.371
14. D. Gerion, A. Hirt, I. M. L. Billas, A. Chĝtelain, and W. A. de Heer, Phys. Rev. B 62, 7491 (2000). 10.1103/PhysRevB.62.7491
15. G. Rollmann, M. E. Gruner, A. Hucht, R. Meyer, P. Entel, M. L. Tiago, and J. R. Chelikowsky, Phys. Rev. Lett. 99, 083402 (2007). 10.1103/PhysRevLett.99. 083402
16. O. Kitakami, H. Sato, Y. Shimada, F. Sato, and M. Tanaka, Phys. Rev. B 56, 13849 (1997). 10.1103/PhysRevB.56.13849
17. B. Gilbert, F. Huang, H. Zhang, G. A. Waychunas, and J. F. Banfield, Science 305, 651 (2004). 10.1126/science.1098454
18. R.-P. Methling, V. Senz, E.-D. Klinkenberg, Th. Diederich, J. Tiggesbäumker, G. Holzhüter, J. Bansmann, and K.-H. Meiwes-Broer, Eur. Phys. J. D 16, 173 (2001). 10.1007/s100530170085
19. J. Passig, K.-H. Meiwes-Broer, and J. Tiggesbäumker, Rev. Sci. Instrum. 77, 093304 (2006). 10.1063/1.2349619
20. A. Kleibert, J. Bansmann, J. Passig, M. Getzlaff, and K.-H. Meiwes-Broer, J. Appl. Phys. 101, 114318 (2007). 10.1063/1.2745330
21. A. Kleibert, F. Bulut, R. K. Gebhardt, W. Rosellen, D. Sudfeld, J. Passig, J. Bansmann, K.-H. Meiwes-Broer, and M. Getzlaff, J. Phys.: Condens. Matter 20, 445005 (2008). 10.1088/0953-8984/20/44/445005
22. J. Stöhr, J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 200, 470 (1999). 10.1016/S0304-8853(99)00407-2
23. H. Wende, Rep. Prog. Phys. 67, 2105 (2004). 10.1088/0034-4885/67/12/R01
24. J. Stöhr, in NEXAFS Spectroscopy, Springer Series in Surface Sciences Vol. 25 (Springer, Berlin, 1992).
25. J. H. Dunn, D. Arvanitis, N. Mårtensson, M. Tischer, F. May, M. Russo, and K. Baberschke, J. Phys.: Condens. Matter 7, 1111 (1995). 10.1088/0953-8984/7/6/012
26. R. Nakajima, J. Stöhr, and Y. U. Idzerda, Phys. Rev. B 59, 6421 (1999). 10.1103/PhysRevB.59.6421
27. K. Fauth, Appl. Phys. Lett. 85, 3271 (2004). 10.1063/1.1804600
28. J. Bansmann, Appl. Phys. A: Mater. Sci. Process. 72, 447 (2001). 10.1007/s003390100758
29. J. Bansmann, M. Getzlaff, A. Kleibert, F. Bulut, R. K. Gebhardt, and K.-H. Meiwes-Broer, Appl. Phys. A: Mater. Sci. Process. 82, 73 (2006). 10.1007/s00339-005-3342-x
30. J. Stöhr and H. König, Phys. Rev. Lett. 75, 3748 (1995). 10.1103/PhysRevLett.75.3748
31. C. T. Chen, Y. U. Idzerda, H.-J. Lin, N. V. Smith, G. Meigs, E. Chaban, G. H. Ho, E. Pellegrin, and F. Sette, Phys. Rev. Lett. 75, 152 (1995). 10.1103/PhysRevLett.75.152
32. More precisely, the size distribution is given by a log-normal function. However, for the present purpose a Gaussian yields a more intuitive and still precise understanding of the ensemble properties.
33. J. Bansmann and A. Kleibert, Appl. Phys. A: Mater. Sci. Process. 80, 957 (2005). 10.1007/s00339-004-3122-z
34. H. Fritzsche, J. Kohlhepp, and U. Gradmann, Phys. Rev. B 51, 15933 (1995). 10.1103/PhysRevB.51.15933
35. A. Kleibert, V. Senz, J. Bansmann, and P. M. Oppeneer, Phys. Rev. B 72, 144404 (2005). 10.1103/PhysRevB.72.144404
36. M. Bode, R. Pascal, and R. Wiesendanger, Surf. Sci. 344, 185 (1995). 10.1016/0039-6028(95)00873-X
37. A. Bettac, J. Bansmann, V. Senz, and K.-H. Meiwes-Broer, Surf. Sci. 454-456, 936 (2000). 10.1016/S0039-6028(00)00184-9
38. N. Combe, P. Jensen, and A. Pimpinelli, Phys. Rev. Lett. 85, 110 (2000). 10.1103/PhysRevLett.85.110
39. N. Lümmen and T. Kraska, Phys. Rev. B 71, 205403 (2005). 10.1103/PhysRevB.71.205403
40. T. Vystavel, G. Palasantzas, S. A. Koch, and J. Th. M. De Hosson, Appl. Phys. Lett. 82, 197 (2003). 10.1063/1.1536716
41. G. Wulff, Z. Kristallogr. 34, 449 (1901).
42. L. Vitos, A. V. Ruban, H. L. Skriver, and J. Kollár, Surf. Sci. 411, 186 (1998). 10.1016/S0039-6028(98)00363-X
43. R.-P. Methling, Ph.D. thesis, Rostock University, 2004.
44. J. T. Lau, J. Rittmann, V. Zamudio-Bayer, M. Vogel, K. Hirsch, P. Klar, F. Lofink, T. Moller, and B. v. Issendorff, Phys. Rev. Lett. 101, 153401 (2008). 10.1103/PhysRevLett.101.153401
45. B. T. Thole, P. Carra, F. Sette, and G. van der Laan, Phys. Rev. Lett. 68, 1943 (1992). 10.1103/PhysRevLett.68.1943
46. D. Weller, J. Stöhr, R. Nakajima, A. Carl, M. G. Samant, C. Chappert, R. Mégy, P. Beauvillain, P. Veillet, and G. A. Held, Phys. Rev. Lett. 75, 3752 (1995). 10.1103/PhysRevLett.75.3752
47. P. Bruno, Phys. Rev. B 39, 865 (1989). 10.1103/PhysRevB.39.865
48. P. Carra, B. T. Thole, M. Altarelli, and X. Wang, Phys. Rev. Lett. 70, 694 (1993). 10.1103/PhysRevLett.70.694
49. T. Oguchi and T. Shishidou, Phys. Rev. B 70, 024412 (2004). 10.1103/PhysRevB.70.024412
50. H. J. Elmers and U. Gradmann, Appl. Phys. A: Solids Surf. 51, 255 (1990). 10.1007/BF00324010
51. U. Gradmann and G. Waller, Surf. Sci. 116, 539 (1982). 10.1016/0039-6028(82)90363-6
52. For sum-rule application, a steplike continuum contribution is subtracted from the averaged spectra (dotted gray line in the left part of Fig. 4) and a bulklike number of 3d holes (nh =3.49) is assumed (Ref.).
53. S. H. Baker, C. Binns, K. W. Edmonds, M. J. Maher, S. C. Thornton, S. Louch, and S. S. Dhesi, J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 247, 19 (2002). 10.1016/S0304-8853(02)00090-2
54. O. Oipr, M. Koauth, and H. Ebert, Phys. Rev. B 70, 174423 (2004). 10.1103/PhysRevB.70.174423
55. Please note that magnetic orbital moments are underestimated by relativistic density-functional theory (Ref.). However, it has been shown that including a so-called orbital polarization (OP) term in respective calculations allows one to reproduce experimental bulk and surface data very well (Ref.). Our model calculations thus rely on values that take the OP term into account. A common result of surface magnetism theory is that the most significant enhancement of the orbital moment is restricted to the uppermost surface layer. Accordingly, our model considers only an enhancement in the outermost layer of the nanoparticles.
56. P. Ohresser, N. B. Brookes, S. Padovani, F. Scheurer, and H. Bulou, Phys. Rev. B 64, 104429 (2001). 10.1103/PhysRevB.64.104429
57. H. L. Meyerheim, R. Popescu, and J. Kirschner, Phys. Rev. B 73, 245432 (2006). 10.1103/PhysRevB.73.245432
58. X. Le Cann, C. Boeglin, B. Carrière, and K. Hricovini, Phys. Rev. B 54, 373 (1996). 10.1103/PhysRevB.54.373
59. C. Boeglin, H. Bulou, J. Hommet, X. Le Cann, H. Magnan, P. Le Fèvre, and D. Chandesris, Phys. Rev. B 60, 4220 (1999). 10.1103/PhysRevB.60.4220
60. The actual strain will certainly depend on the materials being combined as well as on the orientation of the particles with respect to the substrate. Thus, the HRTEM investigations on Fe nanoparticles embedded in Al being presented in Sec. 3 do not allow one to draw conclusions on the strain profile of Fe particles supported by a Co/W(110) substrate.
61. M. A. Pfeifer, G. J. Williams, I. A. Vartanyants, R. Harder, and I. K. Robinson, Nature (London) 442, 63 (2006). 10.1038/nature04867
62. O. V. Lysenko, V. S. Stepanyuk, W. Hergert, and J. Kirschner, Phys. Rev. Lett. 89, 126102 (2002). 10.1103/PhysRevLett.89.126102
63. W. J. Huang, R. Sun, J. Tao, L. D. Menard, R. G. Nuzzo, and J. M. Zuo, Nature Mater. 7, 308 (2008). 10.1038/nmat2132
64. F. Luis, F. Bartolomé, F. Petroff, J. Bartolomé, L. M. García, C. Deranlot, H. Jaffrès, M. J. Martínez, P. Bencok, F. Wilhelm, A. Rogalev, and N. B. Brookes, Europhys. Lett. 76, 142 (2006). 10.1209/epl/i2006-10242-2
65. J. P. Pierce, M. A. Torija, Z. Gai, Junren Shi, T. C. Schulthess, G. A. Farnan, J. F. Wendelken, E. W. Plummer, and J. Shen, Phys. Rev. Lett. 92, 237201 (2004). 10.1103/PhysRevLett.92.237201
66. S. H. Baker, M. Roy, S. J. Gurman, S. Louch, A. Bleloch, and C. Binns, J. Phys.: Condens. Matter 16, 7813 (2004). 10.1088/0953-8984/16/43/020
67. O. Hjortstam, J. Trygg, J. M. Wills, B. Johansson, and O. Eriksson, Phys. Rev. B 53, 9204 (1996). 10.1103/PhysRevB.53.9204