메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 63, Issue 5, 2009, Pages 1244-1261

Does variation in selection imposed by bears drive divergence among populations in the size and shape of sockeye salmon?

Author keywords

Brown bears; Divergent selection; Local adaptation; Morphology; Natural selection; Oncorhynchus nerka; Pacific salmon; Predation; Ursus arctos

Indexed keywords

ADAPTATION; BEAR; BODY SIZE; DIVERGENCE; SALMONID; SELECTION;

EID: 64749109270     PISSN: 00143820     EISSN: 15585646     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1558-5646.2009.00643.x     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (36)

References (87)
  • 1
    • 0027873151 scopus 로고
    • Fecundity and egg size variation in North American Pacific salmon (Oncorhynchus)
    • and
    • Beacham, T. D., and C. B. Murray. 1993. Fecundity and egg size variation in North American Pacific salmon (Oncorhynchus). J. Fish Biol. 42 : 485 508.
    • (1993) J. Fish Biol. , vol.42 , pp. 485-508
    • Beacham, T.D.1    Murray, C.B.2
  • 2
    • 0038649983 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Divergent selection drives the adaptive radiation of crossbills
    • Benkman, C. W. 2003. Divergent selection drives the adaptive radiation of crossbills. Evolution 57 : 1176 1181.
    • (2003) Evolution , vol.57 , pp. 1176-1181
    • Benkman, C.W.1
  • 3
    • 0027060019 scopus 로고
    • Correlational selection for color pattern and antipredator behavior in the garter snake Thamnophis ordinoides
    • Brodie, E. D. I. 1992. Correlational selection for color pattern and antipredator behavior in the garter snake Thamnophis ordinoides. Evolution 46 : 1284 1298.
    • (1992) Evolution , vol.46 , pp. 1284-1298
    • Brodie, E.D.I.1
  • 4
    • 0028980810 scopus 로고
    • Visualizing and quantifying natural selection
    • and
    • Brodie, E. D., A. J. Moore, and F. J. Janzen. 1995. Visualizing and quantifying natural selection. Trends. Ecol. Evol. 10 : 313 318.
    • (1995) Trends. Ecol. Evol. , vol.10 , pp. 313-318
    • Brodie, E.D.1    Moore, A.J.2    Janzen, F.J.3
  • 7
    • 34248149682 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ten years of varying lake level and selection on size-at-maturity in sockeye salmon
    • and
    • Carlson, S. M., and T. P. Quinn. 2007. Ten years of varying lake level and selection on size-at-maturity in sockeye salmon. Ecology 88 : 2620 2629.
    • (2007) Ecology , vol.88 , pp. 2620-2629
    • Carlson, S.M.1    Quinn, T.P.2
  • 8
    • 56549130415 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A review of quantitative genetic components of fitness in salmonids: Implications for adaptation to future change
    • and
    • Carlson, S. M., and T. R. Seamons. 2008. A review of quantitative genetic components of fitness in salmonids: implications for adaptation to future change. Evol. Appl. 1 : 222 238.
    • (2008) Evol. Appl. , vol.1 , pp. 222-238
    • Carlson, S.M.1    Seamons, T.R.2
  • 10
    • 47249090499 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Seasonal mortality and the effect of body size: A review and an empirical test using individual data on brown trout
    • and
    • Carlson, S. M., E. M. Olsen, and L. A. Vøllestad. 2008. Seasonal mortality and the effect of body size: a review and an empirical test using individual data on brown trout. Funct. Ecol. 22 : 663 673.
    • (2008) Funct. Ecol. , vol.22 , pp. 663-673
    • Carlson, S.M.1    Olsen, E.M.2    Vøllestad, L.A.3
  • 13
    • 0000324404 scopus 로고
    • A predator's view of animal color patterns
    • Endler, J. A. 1978. A predator's view of animal color patterns. Evol. Biol. 11 : 319 364.
    • (1978) Evol. Biol. , vol.11 , pp. 319-364
    • Endler, J.A.1
  • 14
    • 0003009970 scopus 로고
    • Natural selection on color patterns in Poecilia reticulata
    • Endler, J. A. 1980. Natural selection on color patterns in Poecilia reticulata. Evolution 34 : 76 91.
    • (1980) Evolution , vol.34 , pp. 76-91
    • Endler, J.A.1
  • 16
    • 0029660869 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sexual selection and the evolution of sexual size dimorphism in the water strider, Aquarius remigis
    • and
    • Fairbairn, D. J., and R. F. Preziosi. 1996. Sexual selection and the evolution of sexual size dimorphism in the water strider, Aquarius remigis. Evolution 50 : 1549 1559.
    • (1996) Evolution , vol.50 , pp. 1549-1559
    • Fairbairn, D.J.1    Preziosi, R.F.2
  • 17
    • 0027079613 scopus 로고
    • Reproductive behavior of hatchery and wild coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) - Does it differ?
    • and
    • Fleming, I. A., and M. R. Gross. 1992. Reproductive behavior of hatchery and wild coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) - does it differ? Aquaculture 103 : 101 121.
    • (1992) Aquaculture , vol.103 , pp. 101-121
    • Fleming, I.A.1    Gross, M.R.2
  • 18
    • 0027451229 scopus 로고
    • Breeding success of hatchery and wild coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) in competition
    • and
    • Fleming, I. A., and M. R. Gross. 1993. Breeding success of hatchery and wild coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) in competition. Ecol. Appl. 3 : 230 245.
    • (1993) Ecol. Appl. , vol.3 , pp. 230-245
    • Fleming, I.A.1    Gross, M.R.2
  • 19
    • 0028162479 scopus 로고
    • Breeding competition in a Pacific salmon (coho, Oncorhynchus kisutch) - Measures of natural and sexual selection
    • and
    • Fleming, I. A., and M. R. Gross. 1994. Breeding competition in a Pacific salmon (coho, Oncorhynchus kisutch) - measures of natural and sexual selection. Evolution 48 : 637 657.
    • (1994) Evolution , vol.48 , pp. 637-657
    • Fleming, I.A.1    Gross, M.R.2
  • 20
    • 0025526992 scopus 로고
    • An experimental comparison of male and female spawning territoriality in a Pacific salmon
    • Foote, C. J. 1990. An experimental comparison of male and female spawning territoriality in a Pacific salmon. Behaviour 115 : 283 314.
    • (1990) Behaviour , vol.115 , pp. 283-314
    • Foote, C.J.1
  • 21
    • 0024183457 scopus 로고
    • The role of male choice in the assortative mating of anadromous and non-anadromous sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka)
    • and
    • Foote, C. J., and P. A. Larkin. 1988. The role of male choice in the assortative mating of anadromous and non-anadromous sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka). Behaviour 106 : 43 62.
    • (1988) Behaviour , vol.106 , pp. 43-62
    • Foote, C.J.1    Larkin, P.A.2
  • 22
    • 1042301091 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Brown bears selectively kill salmon with higher energy content but only in habitats that facilitate choice
    • and
    • Gende, S. M., T. P. Quinn, R. Hilborn, A. P. Hendry, and B. Dickerson. 2004a. Brown bears selectively kill salmon with higher energy content but only in habitats that facilitate choice. Oikos 104 : 518 528.
    • (2004) Oikos , vol.104 , pp. 518-528
    • Gende, S.M.1    Quinn, T.P.2    Hilborn, R.3    Hendry, A.P.4    Dickerson, B.5
  • 23
    • 1342287398 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Magnitude and fate of salmon-derived nutrients and energy in a coastal stream ecosystem
    • and
    • Gende, S. M., T. P. Quinn, M. F. Willson, R. Heintz, and T. M. Scott. 2004b. Magnitude and fate of salmon-derived nutrients and energy in a coastal stream ecosystem. J. Freshw. Ecol. 19 : 149 160.
    • (2004) J. Freshw. Ecol. , vol.19 , pp. 149-160
    • Gende, S.M.1    Quinn, T.P.2    Willson, M.F.3    Heintz, R.4    Scott, T.M.5
  • 24
    • 3342937585 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Constraints on adaptive evolution: The functional trade-off between reproduction and fast-start swimming performance in the Trinidadian guppy (Poecilia reticulata)
    • and
    • Ghalambor, C. K., D. N. Reznick, and J. A. Walker. 2004. Constraints on adaptive evolution: the functional trade-off between reproduction and fast-start swimming performance in the Trinidadian guppy (Poecilia reticulata). Am. Nat. 164 : 38 50.
    • (2004) Am. Nat. , vol.164 , pp. 38-50
    • Ghalambor, C.K.1    Reznick, D.N.2    Walker, J.A.3
  • 25
    • 0037177581 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Unpredictable evolution in a 30-year study of Darwin's finches
    • and
    • Grant, P. R., and B. R. Grant. 2002. Unpredictable evolution in a 30-year study of Darwin's finches. Science 296 : 707 711.
    • (2002) Science , vol.296 , pp. 707-711
    • Grant, P.R.1    Grant, B.R.2
  • 26
    • 0022249101 scopus 로고
    • Disruptive selection for alternative life histories in salmon
    • Gross, M. R. 1985. Disruptive selection for alternative life histories in salmon. Nature 313 : 47 48.
    • (1985) Nature , vol.313 , pp. 47-48
    • Gross, M.R.1
  • 27
    • 19544376277 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Concurrent natural and sexual selection in wild male sockeye salmon, Oncorhynchus nerka
    • and
    • Hamon, T. R., and C. J. Foote. 2005. Concurrent natural and sexual selection in wild male sockeye salmon, Oncorhynchus nerka. Evolution 59 : 1104 1118.
    • (2005) Evolution , vol.59 , pp. 1104-1118
    • Hamon, T.R.1    Foote, C.J.2
  • 28
    • 0034472576 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Selection on morphology of spawning wild sockeye salmon by a gill-net fishery
    • and
    • Hamon, T. R., C. J. Foote, R. Hilborn, and D. E. Rogers. 2000. Selection on morphology of spawning wild sockeye salmon by a gill-net fishery. Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. 129 : 1300 1315.
    • (2000) Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. , vol.129 , pp. 1300-1315
    • Hamon, T.R.1    Foote, C.J.2    Hilborn, R.3    Rogers, D.E.4
  • 29
    • 0035081430 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Optimal size and number of propagules: Allowance for discrete stages and effects of maternal size on reproductive output and offspring fitness
    • and
    • Hendry, A. P., T. Day, and A. B. Cooper. 2001. Optimal size and number of propagules: allowance for discrete stages and effects of maternal size on reproductive output and offspring fitness. Am. Nat. 157 : 387 407.
    • (2001) Am. Nat. , vol.157 , pp. 387-407
    • Hendry, A.P.1    Day, T.2    Cooper, A.B.3
  • 30
    • 0037566270 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Estimating natural selection acting on stream-dwelling Atlantic salmon: Implications for the restoration of extirpated populations
    • and
    • Hendry, A. P., B. H. Letcher, and G. Gries. 2003. Estimating natural selection acting on stream-dwelling Atlantic salmon: implications for the restoration of extirpated populations. Conserv. Biol. 17 : 795 805.
    • (2003) Conserv. Biol. , vol.17 , pp. 795-805
    • Hendry, A.P.1    Letcher, B.H.2    Gries, G.3
  • 31
    • 7544223644 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparing strengths of directional selection: How strong is strong?
    • and
    • Hereford, J., T. F. Hansen, and D. Houle. 2004. Comparing strengths of directional selection: how strong is strong? Evolution 58 : 2133 2143.
    • (2004) Evolution , vol.58 , pp. 2133-2143
    • Hereford, J.1    Hansen, T.F.2    Houle, D.3
  • 32
    • 1842580582 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Power and potential bias in field studies of natural selection
    • and
    • Hersch, E. I., and P. C. Phillips. 2007. Power and potential bias in field studies of natural selection. Evolution 58 : 479 485.
    • (2007) Evolution , vol.58 , pp. 479-485
    • Hersch, E.I.1    Phillips, P.C.2
  • 33
    • 0036096754 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The timing of adult sockeye salmon migration into fresh water: Adaptations by populations to prevailing thermal regimes
    • and
    • Hodgson, S., and T. P. Quinn. 2002. The timing of adult sockeye salmon migration into fresh water: adaptations by populations to prevailing thermal regimes. Can. J. Zool. 80 : 542 555.
    • (2002) Can. J. Zool. , vol.80 , pp. 542-555
    • Hodgson, S.1    Quinn, T.P.2
  • 35
    • 0003035259 scopus 로고
    • Mate choice based upon naturally occurring color pattern variation in a guppy population
    • Houde, A. E. 1987. Mate choice based upon naturally occurring color pattern variation in a guppy population. Evolution 41 : 1 10.
    • (1987) Evolution , vol.41 , pp. 1-10
    • Houde, A.E.1
  • 37
    • 64749094294 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of population-specific variation in age and length on fishery selection and exploitation rates of sockeye salmon
    • and. In press.
    • Kendall, N. W., and T. P. Quinn. 2009. Effects of population-specific variation in age and length on fishery selection and exploitation rates of sockeye salmon. Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. In press.
    • (2009) Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci.
    • Kendall, N.W.1    Quinn, T.P.2
  • 39
    • 0242627652 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Migratory costs and contemporary evolution of reproductive allocation in male chinook salmon
    • and
    • Kinnison, M. T., M. J. Unwin, and T. P. Quinn. 2003. Migratory costs and contemporary evolution of reproductive allocation in male chinook salmon. J. Evol. Biol. 16 : 1257 1269.
    • (2003) J. Evol. Biol. , vol.16 , pp. 1257-1269
    • Kinnison, M.T.1    Unwin, M.J.2    Quinn, T.P.3
  • 40
    • 0001214721 scopus 로고
    • The measurement of selection on correlated characters
    • and
    • Lande, R., and S. J. Arnold. 1983. The measurement of selection on correlated characters. Evolution 37 : 1210 1226.
    • (1983) Evolution , vol.37 , pp. 1210-1226
    • Lande, R.1    Arnold, S.J.2
  • 41
    • 57049086330 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Contrasting patterns of morphological and neutral genetic divergence in geographically proximate populations of sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) in Lake Aleknagik, Alaska
    • and
    • Lin, J., E. Ziegler, T. P. Quinn, and L. Hauser. 2008. Contrasting patterns of morphological and neutral genetic divergence in geographically proximate populations of sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) in Lake Aleknagik, Alaska. J. Fish Biol. 73 : 1993 2004.
    • (2008) J. Fish Biol. , vol.73 , pp. 1993-2004
    • Lin, J.1    Ziegler, E.2    Quinn, T.P.3    Hauser, L.4
  • 42
    • 33947504820 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effects of competition and predation on diversification in a model adaptive radiation
    • and
    • Meyer, J. R., and R. Kassen. 2007. The effects of competition and predation on diversification in a model adaptive radiation. Nature 446 : 432 435.
    • (2007) Nature , vol.446 , pp. 432-435
    • Meyer, J.R.1    Kassen, R.2
  • 43
    • 0023557028 scopus 로고
    • Regression analysis of natural selection: Statistical inference and biological interpretation
    • and
    • Mitchell-Olds, T., and R. G. Shaw. 1987. Regression analysis of natural selection: statistical inference and biological interpretation. Evolution 41 : 1149 1161.
    • (1987) Evolution , vol.41 , pp. 1149-1161
    • Mitchell-Olds, T.1    Shaw, R.G.2
  • 44
    • 33745128705 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Experimental evidence that predation promotes divergence in adaptive radiation
    • and
    • Nosil, P., and B. J. Crespi. 2006. Experimental evidence that predation promotes divergence in adaptive radiation. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 103 : 9090 9095.
    • (2006) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA , vol.103 , pp. 9090-9095
    • Nosil, P.1    Crespi, B.J.2
  • 45
    • 0035999485 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rapid evolution of escape ability in Trinidadian guppies (Poecilia reticulata)
    • and
    • O'Steen, S., A. J. Cullum, and A. F. Bennett. 2002. Rapid evolution of escape ability in Trinidadian guppies (Poecilia reticulata). Evolution 56 : 776 784.
    • (2002) Evolution , vol.56 , pp. 776-784
    • O'Steen, S.1    Cullum, A.J.2    Bennett, A.F.3
  • 47
    • 0034766629 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Size- and sex-selective mortality of adult sockeye salmon: Bears, gulls, and fish out of water
    • and
    • Quinn, T. P., and G. B. Buck. 2001. Size- and sex-selective mortality of adult sockeye salmon: bears, gulls, and fish out of water. Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. 130 : 995 1005.
    • (2001) Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. , vol.130 , pp. 995-1005
    • Quinn, T.P.1    Buck, G.B.2
  • 48
    • 0028163316 scopus 로고
    • The effects of body size and sexual dimorphism on the reproductive behavior of sockeye salmon, Oncorhynchus nerka
    • and
    • Quinn, T. P., and C. J. Foote. 1994. The effects of body size and sexual dimorphism on the reproductive behavior of sockeye salmon, Oncorhynchus nerka. Anim. Behav. 48 : 751 761.
    • (1994) Anim. Behav. , vol.48 , pp. 751-761
    • Quinn, T.P.1    Foote, C.J.2
  • 49
    • 0032749619 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Size-selective and sex-selective predation by brown bears on sockeye salmon
    • and
    • Quinn, T. P., and M. T. Kinnison. 1999. Size-selective and sex-selective predation by brown bears on sockeye salmon. Oecologia 121 : 273 282.
    • (1999) Oecologia , vol.121 , pp. 273-282
    • Quinn, T.P.1    Kinnison, M.T.2
  • 50
    • 0023585499 scopus 로고
    • Homing in wild sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) populations as inferred from differences in parasite prevalence and allozyme allele frequencies
    • and
    • Quinn, T. P., C. C. Wood, L. Margolis, B. E. Riddell, and K. D. Hyatt. 1987. Homing in wild sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) populations as inferred from differences in parasite prevalence and allozyme allele frequencies. Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 44 : 1963 1971.
    • (1987) Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. , vol.44 , pp. 1963-1971
    • Quinn, T.P.1    Wood, C.C.2    Margolis, L.3    Riddell, B.E.4    Hyatt, K.D.5
  • 51
    • 0028995455 scopus 로고
    • The influence of life history trade-offs and the size of incubation gravels on egg size variation in sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka)
    • and
    • Quinn, T. P., A. P. Hendry, and L. A. Wetzel. 1995. The influence of life history trade-offs and the size of incubation gravels on egg size variation in sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka). Oikos 74 : 425 438.
    • (1995) Oikos , vol.74 , pp. 425-438
    • Quinn, T.P.1    Hendry, A.P.2    Wetzel, L.A.3
  • 52
    • 0033306124 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Natural otolith microstructure patterns reveal precise homing to natal incubation sites by sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka)
    • and
    • Quinn, T. P., E. C. Volk, and A. P. Hendry. 1999. Natural otolith microstructure patterns reveal precise homing to natal incubation sites by sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka). Can. J. Zool. 77 : 766 775.
    • (1999) Can. J. Zool. , vol.77 , pp. 766-775
    • Quinn, T.P.1    Volk, E.C.2    Hendry, A.P.3
  • 53
    • 0003293565 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Balancing natural and sexual selection in sockeye salmon: Interactions between body size, reproductive opportunity and vulnerability to predation by bears
    • and
    • Quinn, T. P., A. P. Hendry, and G. B. Buck. 2001a. Balancing natural and sexual selection in sockeye salmon: interactions between body size, reproductive opportunity and vulnerability to predation by bears. Evol. Ecol. Res. 3 : 917 937.
    • (2001) Evol. Ecol. Res. , vol.3 , pp. 917-937
    • Quinn, T.P.1    Hendry, A.P.2    Buck, G.B.3
  • 54
    • 0035651972 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Influence of breeding habitat on bear predation and age at maturity and sexual dimorphism of sockeye salmon populations
    • and
    • Quinn, T. P., L. Wetzel, S. Bishop, K. Overberg, and D. E. Rogers. 2001b. Influence of breeding habitat on bear predation and age at maturity and sexual dimorphism of sockeye salmon populations. Can. J. Zool. 79 : 1782 1793.
    • (2001) Can. J. Zool. , vol.79 , pp. 1782-1793
    • Quinn, T.P.1    Wetzel, L.2    Bishop, S.3    Overberg, K.4    Rogers, D.E.5
  • 55
    • 1342288269 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Density-dependent predation by brown bears (Ursus arctos) on sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka)
    • and
    • Quinn, T. P., S. M. Gende, G. T. Ruggerone, and D. E. Rogers. 2003. Density-dependent predation by brown bears (Ursus arctos) on sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka). Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 60 : 553 562.
    • (2003) Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. , vol.60 , pp. 553-562
    • Quinn, T.P.1    Gende, S.M.2    Ruggerone, G.T.3    Rogers, D.E.4
  • 56
    • 0001353918 scopus 로고
    • Trout foraging failures and the evolution of body size in stickleback
    • Reimchen, T. E. 1991. Trout foraging failures and the evolution of body size in stickleback. Copeia 1098 1104.
    • (1991) Copeia , pp. 1098-1104
    • Reimchen, T.E.1
  • 57
    • 0002035828 scopus 로고
    • Predators and morphological evolution in threespine stickleback
    • Pp. in. M. A. Bell. and. S. A. Foster. eds. Oxford Univ. Press. Oxford, U.K.
    • Reimchen, T. E. 1994. Predators and morphological evolution in threespine stickleback. Pp. 240 276 in M. A. Bell, and S. A. Foster, eds. The evolutionary biology of the threespine stickleback. Oxford Univ. Press, Oxford, U.K.
    • (1994) The Evolutionary Biology of the Threespine Stickleback. , pp. 240-276
    • Reimchen, T.E.1
  • 58
    • 0020391117 scopus 로고
    • The impact of predation on life-history evolution in Trinidadian guppies - Genetic-basis of observed life-history patterns
    • Reznick, D. 1982. The impact of predation on life-history evolution in Trinidadian guppies - genetic-basis of observed life-history patterns. Evolution 36 : 1236 1250.
    • (1982) Evolution , vol.36 , pp. 1236-1250
    • Reznick, D.1
  • 59
    • 0000003853 scopus 로고
    • The impact of predation on life-history evolution in Trinidadian guppies (Poecilia reticulata)
    • and
    • Reznick, D., and J. A. Endler. 1982. The impact of predation on life-history evolution in Trinidadian guppies (Poecilia reticulata). Evolution 36 : 160 177.
    • (1982) Evolution , vol.36 , pp. 160-177
    • Reznick, D.1    Endler, J.A.2
  • 60
    • 0029660861 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Life-history evolution in guppies (Poecilia reticulata).6. Differential mortality as a mechanism for natural selection
    • and
    • Reznick, D. N., M. J. Butler, F. H. Rodd, and P. Ross. 1996. Life-history evolution in guppies (Poecilia reticulata).6. Differential mortality as a mechanism for natural selection. Evolution 50 : 1651 1660.
    • (1996) Evolution , vol.50 , pp. 1651-1660
    • Reznick, D.N.1    Butler, M.J.2    Rodd, F.H.3    Ross, P.4
  • 61
    • 7744224162 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of extrinsic mortality on the evolution of senescence in guppies
    • and
    • Reznick, D. N., M. J. Bryant, D. Roff, C. K. Ghalambor, and D. E. Ghalambor. 2004. Effect of extrinsic mortality on the evolution of senescence in guppies. Nature 431 : 1095 1099.
    • (2004) Nature , vol.431 , pp. 1095-1099
    • Reznick, D.N.1    Bryant, M.J.2    Roff, D.3    Ghalambor, C.K.4    Ghalambor, D.E.5
  • 62
    • 0028147527 scopus 로고
    • Extending nondirectional heterogeneity tests to evaluate simply ordered alternative hypotheses
    • and
    • Rice, W. R., and S. D. Gaines. 1994a. Extending nondirectional heterogeneity tests to evaluate simply ordered alternative hypotheses. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 91 : 225 226.
    • (1994) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA , vol.91 , pp. 225-226
    • Rice, W.R.1    Gaines, S.D.2
  • 63
    • 0028119999 scopus 로고
    • Heads i win, tails you lose - Testing directional alternative hypotheses in ecological and evolutionary research
    • and
    • Rice, W. R., and S. D. Gaines. 1994b. Heads I win, tails you lose - testing directional alternative hypotheses in ecological and evolutionary research. Trends. Ecol. Evol. 9 : 235 237.
    • (1994) Trends. Ecol. Evol. , vol.9 , pp. 235-237
    • Rice, W.R.1    Gaines, S.D.2
  • 64
    • 0028130609 scopus 로고
    • The ordered-heterogeneity family of tests
    • and
    • Rice, W. R., and S. D. Gaines. 1994c. The ordered-heterogeneity family of tests. Biometrics 50 : 746 752.
    • (1994) Biometrics , vol.50 , pp. 746-752
    • Rice, W.R.1    Gaines, S.D.2
  • 65
    • 33645122037 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Movements of male sockeye salmon, Oncorhynchus nerka, on spawning grounds: Effects of in-stream residency, density and body size
    • and
    • Rich, H. B., Jr., S. M. Carlson, B. E. Chasco, K. C. Briggs, and T. P. Quinn. 2006. Movements of male sockeye salmon, Oncorhynchus nerka, on spawning grounds: effects of in-stream residency, density and body size. Anim. Behav. 71 : 971 981.
    • (2006) Anim. Behav. , vol.71 , pp. 971-981
    • Rich Jr., H.B.1    Carlson, S.M.2    Chasco, B.E.3    Briggs, K.C.4    Quinn, T.P.5
  • 66
    • 0028814490 scopus 로고
    • Geographic variation in size and age of North American chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha)
    • and
    • Roni, P., and T. P. Quinn. 1995. Geographic variation in size and age of North American chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha). N. Am. J. Fish. Manage. 15 : 325 345.
    • (1995) N. Am. J. Fish. Manage. , vol.15 , pp. 325-345
    • Roni, P.1    Quinn, T.P.2
  • 67
    • 0033849660 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Selective predation by brown bears (Ursus arctos) foraging on spawning sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka)
    • and
    • Ruggerone, G. T., R. Hanson, and D. E. Rogers. 2000. Selective predation by brown bears (Ursus arctos) foraging on spawning sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka). Can. J. Zool. 78 : 974 981.
    • (2000) Can. J. Zool. , vol.78 , pp. 974-981
    • Ruggerone, G.T.1    Hanson, R.2    Rogers, D.E.3
  • 68
    • 0024218507 scopus 로고
    • Estimating the form of natural selection on a quantitative trait
    • Schluter, D. 1988. Estimating the form of natural selection on a quantitative trait. Evolution 42 : 849 861.
    • (1988) Evolution , vol.42 , pp. 849-861
    • Schluter, D.1
  • 70
    • 0021580935 scopus 로고
    • Determinants of morphological patterns in communities of Darwin's finches
    • and
    • Schluter, D., and P. R. Grant. 1984. Determinants of morphological patterns in communities of Darwin's finches. Am. Nat. 123 : 175 196.
    • (1984) Am. Nat. , vol.123 , pp. 175-196
    • Schluter, D.1    Grant, P.R.2
  • 71
    • 0028174690 scopus 로고
    • Exploring fitness surfaces
    • and
    • Schluter, D., and D. Nychka. 1994. Exploring fitness surfaces. Am. Nat. 143 : 597 616.
    • (1994) Am. Nat. , vol.143 , pp. 597-616
    • Schluter, D.1    Nychka, D.2
  • 72
    • 0026380595 scopus 로고
    • Conflicting selection pressures and life-history trade-offs
    • and
    • Schluter, D., T. D. Price, and L. Rowe. 1991. Conflicting selection pressures and life-history trade-offs. Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B 246 : 11 17.
    • (1991) Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B , vol.246 , pp. 11-17
    • Schluter, D.1    Price, T.D.2    Rowe, L.3
  • 74
    • 34248155814 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • DNA parentage analysis reveals inter-annual variation in selection: Results from 19 consecutive brood years in steelhead trout
    • and
    • Seamons, T. R., P. Bentzen, and T. P. Quinn. 2007. DNA parentage analysis reveals inter-annual variation in selection: results from 19 consecutive brood years in steelhead trout. Evol. Ecol. Res. 9 : 409 431.
    • (2007) Evol. Ecol. Res. , vol.9 , pp. 409-431
    • Seamons, T.R.1    Bentzen, P.2    Quinn, T.P.3
  • 75
    • 4344643941 scopus 로고
    • Assessment of energy expenditure during spawning by male sockeye salmon, Oncorhynchus nerka, at various sex ratios in the spawning ground
    • Semenchenko, N. N. 1986. Assessment of energy expenditure during spawning by male sockeye salmon, Oncorhynchus nerka, at various sex ratios in the spawning ground. J. Ichthyol. 26 : 89 97.
    • (1986) J. Ichthyol. , vol.26 , pp. 89-97
    • Semenchenko, N.N.1
  • 76
    • 0005349668 scopus 로고
    • Effect of age structure of a population and sex ratio on the spawning grounds on energy loss and reproductive success of male sockeye salmon, Oncorhynchus nerka, of different size and age
    • Semenchenko, N. N. 1987. Effect of age structure of a population and sex ratio on the spawning grounds on energy loss and reproductive success of male sockeye salmon, Oncorhynchus nerka, of different size and age. J. Ichthyol. 27 : 79 88.
    • (1987) J. Ichthyol. , vol.27 , pp. 79-88
    • Semenchenko, N.N.1
  • 78
    • 0033306415 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Egg burial depth by sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka): Implications for survival of embryos and natural selection on female body size
    • and
    • Steen, R. P., and T. P. Quinn. 1999. Egg burial depth by sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka): implications for survival of embryos and natural selection on female body size. Can. J. Zool. 77 : 836 841.
    • (1999) Can. J. Zool. , vol.77 , pp. 836-841
    • Steen, R.P.1    Quinn, T.P.2
  • 79
    • 51249121392 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Estimating nonlinear selection gradients using quadratic regression coefficients: Double or nothing?
    • and
    • Stinchcombe, J. R., A. F. Agrawal, P. A. Hohenlohe, S. J. Arnold, and M. W. Blows. 2008. Estimating nonlinear selection gradients using quadratic regression coefficients: double or nothing? Evolution 62 : 2435 2440.
    • (2008) Evolution , vol.62 , pp. 2435-2440
    • Stinchcombe, J.R.1    Agrawal, A.F.2    Hohenlohe, P.A.3    Arnold, S.J.4    Blows, M.W.5
  • 80
    • 34250800830 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Selective predation on wing morphology in sympatric damselflies
    • and
    • Svensson, E. I., and M. Friberg. 2007. Selective predation on wing morphology in sympatric damselflies. Am. Nat. 170 : 101 112.
    • (2007) Am. Nat. , vol.170 , pp. 101-112
    • Svensson, E.I.1    Friberg, M.2
  • 81
    • 33748531310 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of natural and sexual selection on adaptive population divergence and premating isolation in a damselfly
    • and
    • Svensson, E. I., F. Eroukhmanoff, and M. Friberg. 2006. Effects of natural and sexual selection on adaptive population divergence and premating isolation in a damselfly. Evolution 60 : 1242 1253.
    • (2006) Evolution , vol.60 , pp. 1242-1253
    • Svensson, E.I.1    Eroukhmanoff, F.2    Friberg, M.3
  • 82
    • 0026339605 scopus 로고
    • A review of local adaptation in Salmonidae, with particular reference to Pacific and Atlantic salmon
    • Taylor, E. B. 1991. A review of local adaptation in Salmonidae, with particular reference to Pacific and Atlantic salmon. Aquaculture 98 : 185 207.
    • (1991) Aquaculture , vol.98 , pp. 185-207
    • Taylor, E.B.1
  • 83
    • 27744543910 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • On the role of enemies in divergence and diversification of prey: A review and synthesis
    • Vamosi, S. M. 2005. On the role of enemies in divergence and diversification of prey: a review and synthesis. Can. J. Zool. 83 : 894 910.
    • (2005) Can. J. Zool. , vol.83 , pp. 894-910
    • Vamosi, S.M.1
  • 84
    • 1642284414 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Character shifts in the defensive armor of sympatric sticklebacks
    • and
    • Vamosi, S. M., and D. Schluter. 2004. Character shifts in the defensive armor of sympatric sticklebacks. Evolution 58 : 376 385.
    • (2004) Evolution , vol.58 , pp. 376-385
    • Vamosi, S.M.1    Schluter, D.2
  • 85
    • 0030943937 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ecological morphology of lacustrine threespine stickleback Gasterosteus aculeatus L. (Gasterosteidae) body shape
    • Walker, J. A. 1997. Ecological morphology of lacustrine threespine stickleback Gasterosteus aculeatus L. (Gasterosteidae) body shape. Biol. J. Linn. Soc. 61 : 3 50.
    • (1997) Biol. J. Linn. Soc. , vol.61 , pp. 3-50
    • Walker, J.A.1
  • 86
    • 12144290048 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • How the horned lizard got its horns
    • and
    • Young, K. V., E. D. J. Brodie, and E. D. I. Brodie. 2004. How the horned lizard got its horns. Science 304 : 65.
    • (2004) Science , vol.304 , pp. 65
    • Young, K.V.1    Brodie, E.D.J.2    Brodie, E.D.I.3
  • 87
    • 0004252445 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River. NJ.
    • Zar, J. H. 1999. Biostatistical analysis. Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ.
    • (1999) Biostatistical Analysis.
    • Zar, J.H.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.