Age-related ocular vascular changes

Graefe's Archive for Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology

Volumn 247, Issue 5, 2009, Pages 583-591

  Ehrlich, Rita ^a   Kheradiya, Nisha S ^a   Winston, Diana M ^a   Moore, Daniel B ^c   Wirostko, Barbara ^b   Harris, Alon ^a  

^a INDIANA UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

^b STONY BROOK UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTER   (United States)

^c UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

Author keywords

Aging; Endothelial dysfunction; Eye; Glaucoma; Vasculature

Indexed keywords

AGING; CHOROID; DISEASE PREDISPOSITION; ENDOTHELIAL DYSFUNCTION; EYE BLOOD FLOW; EYE DISEASE; GLAUCOMA; HEMODYNAMIC STRESS; HEMODYNAMICS; HUMAN; LASER DOPPLER FLOWMETRY; MEDICAL LITERATURE; NONHUMAN; OPTIC NERVE; PATHOPHYSIOLOGY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW; RISK FACTOR; VASCULAR ENDOTHELIUM;

AGING; BLOOD CIRCULATION; BLOOD FLOW VELOCITY; CILIARY ARTERIES; ENDOTHELIUM, VASCULAR; EYE; GLAUCOMA; HUMANS; OPHTHALMIC ARTERY; RETINAL ARTERY;

EID: 64449083701     PISSN: 0721832X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s00417-008-1018-x     Document Type: Review

References (75)

1. US Census Bureau. Accessed 20 September 2007. URL: http://www.census.gov/ population/projections/PressTab5.xls
2. United Nations Economic and social development. Accessed 19 August 2008. URL: http://esa.un.org/unpp
3. Framingham Heart Study 2007. Accessed 20 August 2008. URL: http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/about/framingham
4. Baltimore Longitudinal Study on Aging 2007. Accessed 20 August 2008. URL: http://www.grc.nia.nih.gov/branches/blsa/blsafindings.pdf
5. Lakatta EG, Levy D (2003) Arterial and cardiac aging: Major shareholders in cardiovascular disease enterprises. Part I: Aging arteries: A "Set Up" for vascular disease. Circulation 107:139-146. doi: 10.1161/01.CIR.0000048892.83521.58
6. Ferrari AU, Radaelli A, Centola M (2003) Invited Review: Aging and the cardiovascular system. J Appl Physiol 95:2591-2597
7. Monahan KD (2007) Effect of aging on baroreflex function in humans. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 293(1):R3-R12. doi: 10.1152/ ajpregu.00031.2007
8. Mimran A (2006) Consequences of elevated pulse pressure on renal function. J Hypertens Suppl 24(3):S3-S7. doi: 10.1097/ 01.hjh.0000229462.24857.b6
9. National Eye Institute Statistics and Data. Prevalence of Blindness Data. Data Tables. Accessed 18 September 2007. URL: http://www.nei.nih.gov/eyedata/pbd_tables.asp
10. Salvi SM, Akhtar Sm, Curie Z (2006) Aging changes in the eye. Postgrad Med J 82:581-587. doi: 10.1136/pgmj.2005.040857
11. Gao H, Hollyfield JG (1992) Aging of the human retina. Differential loss of neurons and retinal pigment epithelial cells. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 33:1-17
12. Sandell JH, Peters A (2001) Effects of age on nerve fibers in the rhesus monkey optic nerve. J Comp Neurol 429:541-553. doi: 10.1002/ 1096-9861(20010122)429:4<541::AID-CNE3>3.0.CO;2-5
13. Da Pozzo S, Iacono P, Marchesan R, Minutola D, Ravalico G (2006) The effect of ageing on retinal nerve fiber layer thickness: An evaluation by scanning laser polarimetry with variable corneal compensation. Acta Ophthalmol Scand 84:375-379. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0420.2006.00655.x
14. Kotecha A, Izadi S, Jeffery G (2006) Age-related changes in the thickness of the human lamina cribrosa. Br J Ophthalmol 90:1531-1534. doi: 10.1136/bjo.2006.100388
15. Moya FJ, Brigatti L, Caprioli J (1999) Effect of aging on optic nerve appearance: A longitudinal study. Br J Ophthalmol 83:567-572.
16. Harwerth RS, Wheat JL, Rangaswamy NV (2008) Age-related losses of retinal ganglion cells and axons. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 49:4437-4443. doi: 10.1167/iovs.08-1753
17. Wang AL, Yuan M, Neufeld AH (2007) Age-related changes in neuronal susceptibility to damage: Comparison of the retinal ganglion cells of young and old mice before and after optic nerve crush. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1097:64-66. doi: 10.1196/annals.1379.027
18. Albon J, Purslow PP, Karwarowski WS, Easty DL (2000) Age related compliance of the lamina cribrosa in human eyes. Br J Ophthalmol 84:318-323. doi: 10.1136/bjo.84.3.318
19. Albon J, Farrant S, Akhtar S, Young R, Boulton ME, Smith G, Taylor M, Guggenheim J, Morgan JE (2007) Connective tissue structure of the tree shrew optic nerve and associated aging changes. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 48:2134-2144. doi: 10.1167/iovs.06-0084
20. Leung H, Wang JJ, Rochtchina E, Tan AG, Wong TY, Klein R, Hubbard LD, Mitchell P (2003) Relationships between age, blood pressure, and retinal vessel diameters in an older population. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 44:2900-2904. doi: 10.1167/iovs.02-1114
21. Lam AK, Chan ST, Chan H, Chan B (2003) The effect of age on ocular blood supply determined by pulsatile ocular blood flow and color Doppler ultrasonography. Optom Vis Sci 80:305-311. doi: 10.1097/ 00006324-200304000-00008
22. Ravalico G, Toffoli G, Pastoru G, Crocè M, Calderini S (1996) Age-related ocular blood flow changes. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 37:2645-2650
23. Williamson TH, Harris A (1996) Color Doppler ultrasound imaging of the eye and orbit. Surv Ophthalmol 40:255-267. doi: 10.1016/ S0039-6257(96)82001-7
24. Harris A, Harris M, Biller J, Garzozi H, Zarfty D, Ciulla TA, Martin B (2000) Aging affects the retrobulbar circulation differently in women and men. Arch Ophthalmol 118:1076-1080
25. Gillies WE, Brooks AM, Scott M, Ryan L (1999) Comparison of colour Doppler imaging of orbital vessels in elderly compared with young adult patients. Aust N Z J Ophthalmol 27:173-175. doi: 10.1046/ j.1440-1606.1999.00188.x
26. Groh MJ, Michelson G, Langhans MJ, Harazny J (1996) Influence of age on retinal and optic nerve hear blood circulation. Ophthalmology 103:529-534
27. Williamson TH, Lowe GD, Baxter GM (1995) Influence of age, systemic blood pressure, smoking, and blood viscosity on orbital blood velocities. Br J Ophthalmol 79:17-22. doi: 10.1136/bjo.79.1.17
28. Greenfield DS, Heggerick PA, Hedges TR 3rd (1995) Color Doppler imaging of normal orbital vasculature. Ophthalmology 102(11):1598-1605
29. Kagemann L, Harris A, Chung HS, Evans D, Buck S, Martin B (1998) Heidelberg retinal flowmetry: Factors affecting blood flow measurement. Br J Ophthalmol 82(2):131-136. doi: 10.1159/000015087
30. Embleton SJ, Hosking SL, Roff Hilton EJ, Cunliffe IA (2002) Effect of senescence on ocular blood flow in the retina, neuroretinal rim and lamina cribrosa, using scanning laser Doppler flowmetry. Eye 16:156-162. doi: 10.1038/sj/eye/6700100
31. Boehm AG, Koeller AU, Pillunat LE (2005) The effect of age on optic nerve head blood flow. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 46:1291-1295. doi: 10.1167/iovs.04-0987
32. Kida T, Liu JH, Weinreb RN (2008) Effect of aging on nocturnal blood flow in the optic nerve head and macula in healthy human eyes. J Glaucoma 17:366-371
33. Rizzo JF 3rd, Feke GT, Goger DG, Ogasawara H, Weiter JJ (1991) Optic nerve head blood speed as a function of age in normal human subjects. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 32:3263-3272
34. Ito YN, Mori K, Young-Duvall J, Yoneya S (2001) Aging changes of the choroidal dye filling pattern in indocyanine green angiography of normal subjects. Retina 21:237-242. doi: 10.1097/00006982-200106000-00007
35. Grunwald JE, Hariprasad SM, DuPont J (1998) Effect of aging on foveolar choroidal circulation. Arch Ophthalmol 116:150-154
36. Ramrattan RS, van der Schaft TL, Mooy CM, de Bruijn WC, Mulder PG, de Jong PT (1994) Morphometric analysis of Bruch's membrane, the choriocapillaris, and the choroid in aging. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 35(6):2857-2864
37. Dallinger S, Findl O, Strenn K, Eichler HG, Wolzt M, Schmetterer L (1998) Age dependence of choroidal blood flow. J Am Geriatr Soc 46:484-487
38. Wong TY, Klein R, Klein BE, Meuer SM, Hubbard LD (2003) Retinal vessel diameters and their associations with age and blood pressure. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 44:4644-4650. doi: 10.1167/iovs.03-0079
39. Laatinainen L, Larinkari J (1977) Capillary-free area of the fovea with advancing age. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 16:1154-1157
40. Hughes S, Gardiner T, Hu P, Baxter L, Rosinova E, Chan-Ling T (2006) Altered pericyte-endothelial relations in the rat retina during aging: implications for vessel stability. Neurobiol Aging 27:1838-1847. doi: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2005.10.021
41. Hayreh SS, Bill A, Sperber GO (1994) Effects of high intraocular pressure on the glucose metabolism in the retina and optic nerve in old atherosclerotic monkeys. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 232:745-752. doi: 10.1007/BF00184278
42. Matz RL, Andriantsitohaina R (2003) Age-related endothelial dysfunction: potential implications for pharmacotherapy. Drugs Aging 20:527-550. doi: 10.2165/00002512-200320070-00005
43. Esper RJ, Nordaby RA, Vilariño JO, Paragano A, Cacharrón JL, Machado RA (2006) Endothelial dysfunction: A comprehensive appraisal. Cardiovasc Diabetol 5:4. doi: 10.1186/1475-2840-5-4
44. Behrendt D, Ganz P (2002) Endothelial function. From vascular biology to clinical applications. Am J Cardiol 90:40L-48L. doi: 10.1016/ S0002-9149(02)02963-6
45. Adams JA (2006) Endothelium and cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Crit Care Med 34:S458-S465. doi: 10.1097/01.CCM.0000246012.68479.49
46. Flammer J, Orgül S (1998) Optic nerve blood-flow abnormalities in glaucoma. Prog Retin Eye Res 17:267-289. doi: 10.1016/ S1350-9462(97)00006-2
47. Toda N, Nakanishi-Toda M (2007) Nitric oxide: Ocular blood flow, glaucoma, and diabetic retinopathy. Prog Retin Eye Res 26:205-238. doi: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2007.01.004
48. Napoli C, de Nigris F, Palinski W (2001) Multiple roles of reactive oxygen species in the arterial wall. J Cell Biochem 82:674-682. doi: 10.1002/jcb.1198
49. Miyazaki H, Matsuoka H, Cooke JP, Usui M, Ueda S, Okuda S, Imaizumi T (1999) Endogenous nitric oxide synthase inhibitor: A novel marker of atherosclerosis. Circulation 99:1141-1146
50. Delaney V, Walshe TE, O'Brien C (2006) Vasospasm in glaucoma: Clinical and laboratory aspects. Optom Vis Sci 83:406-414. doi: 10.1097/ 01.opx.0000225877.13217.01
51. Harris A, Rechtman E, Siesky B, Jonescu-Cuypers C, McCranor L, Garzozi HJ (2005) The role of optic nerve blood flow in the pathogenesis of glaucoma. Ophthalmol Clin North Am 18:345-353. doi: 10.1016/ j.ohc.2005.04.001
52. Burgoyne CF, Downs JC (2008) Premise and prediction - how optic nerve head biomechanics underlies the susceptibility and clinical behavior of the aged optic nerve head. J Glaucoma 17:318-328. doi: 10.1097/ IJG.0b013e31815a343b
53. Neubauer AS, Chryssafis C, Thiel M, Tsinopoulos I, Hirneiss C, Kampik A (2005) Age effect on retina and optic disc normal values. Ophthalmic Res 37:243-249. doi: 10.1159/000087067
54. Klein BE, Klein R, Lee KE, Hoyer CJ (2006) Does the intraocular pressure effect on optic disc cupping differ by age? Trans Am Ophthalmol Soc 104:143-148
55. Nicolela MT, Hnik P, Drance SM (1996) Scanning laser Doppler flowmeter study of retinal and optic disk blood flow in glaucomatous patients. Am J Ophthalmol 122:775-783
56. Chung HS, Harris A, Kagemann L, Martin B (1999) Peripapillary retinal blood flow in normal tension glaucoma. Br J Ophthalmol 83:466-469
57. Yin ZQ, Vaegan, Millar TJ, Beaumont P, Sarks S (1997) Widespread choroidal insufficiency in primary open-angle glaucoma. J Glaucoma 6:23-32. doi: 10.1097/00061198-199702000-00006
58. Butt Z, McKillop G, O'Brien C, Allan P, Aspinall P (1995) Measurement of ocular blood flow velocity using colour Doppler imaging in low tension glaucoma. Eye 9:29-33
59. Galassi F, Sodi A, Ucci F, Harris A, Chung HS (1998) Ocular haemodynamics in glaucoma associated with high myopia. Int Ophthalmol 22:299-305. doi: 10.1023/A:1006347509491
60. Harris A, Sergott RC, Spaeth GL, Katz JL, Shoemaker JA, Martin BJ (1994) Color Doppler analysis of ocular vessel blood velocity in normal-tension glaucoma. Am J Ophthalmol 118:642-649
61. Rojanapongpun P, Drance SM, Morrison BJ (1993) Ophthalmic artery flow velocity in glaucomatous and normal subjects. Br J Ophthalmol 77:25-29. doi: 10.1136/bjo.77.1.25
62. Lam A, Piltz-Seymour J, Dupont J, Grunwald J (2005) Laser Doppler flowmetry in asymmetric glaucoma. Curr Eye Res 30:221-227. doi: 10.1080/ 02713680490908760
63. Sato EA, Ohtake Y, Shinoda K, Mashima Y, Kimura I (2006) Decreased blood flow at neuroretinal rim of optic nerve head corresponds with visual field deficit in eyes with normal tension glaucoma. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 244:795-801. doi: 10.1007/s00417-005-0177-2
64. Feke GT, Pasquale LR (2008) Retinal blood flow response to posture change in glaucoma patients compared with healthy subjects. Ophthalmology 115:246-252. doi: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2007.04.055
65. Amerasinghe N, Aung T, Cheung N, Fong CW, Wang JJ, Mitchell P, Saw SM, Wong TY (2008) Evidence of retinal vascular narrowing in glaucomatous eyes in an Asian population. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 49(12):5397-5402
66. Mitchell P, Leung H, Wang JJ, Rochtchina E, Lee AJ, Wong TY, Klein R (2005) Retinal vessel diameter and open-angle glaucoma: The Blue Mountains Eye Study. Ophthalmology 112:245-250. doi: 10.1016/ j.ophtha.2004.08.015
67. Wang S, Xu L, Wang Y, Wang Y, Jonas JB (2007) Retinal vessel diameter in normal and glaucomatous eyes: The Beijing Eye Study. Clin Experiment Ophthalmol 35:800-807
68. Klein R, Klein BE, Tomany SC, Wong TY (2004) The relation of retinal microvascular characteristics to age related eye disease; The Beaver Dam Eye Study. Am J Ophthalmol 137:435-444. doi: 10.1016/j.ajo.2003.10.020
69. Ikram MK, de Voogd S, Wolfs RCW, Hofman A, Breteler MM, Hubbard LD, de Jong PT (2005) Retinal vessel diameters 1 and incident open-angle glaucoma and optic disc changes: The Rotterdam Study. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 46:1182-1187. doi: 10.1167/iovs.04-1459
70. Spraul CW, Lang GE, Lang GK, Grossniklaus HE (2002) Morphometric changes of the choriocapillaris and the choroidal vasculature in eyes with advanced glaucomatous changes. Vision Res 42:923-32
71. Resch H, Garhofer G, Fuchsjäger-Mayrl G, Hommer A, Schmetterer L (2008) Endothelial dysfunction in glaucoma. Acta Ophthalmol May 27 [Epub ahead of print]
72. Doganay S, Evereklioglu C, Turkoz Y, Er H (2002) Decreased nitric oxide production in primary open angle glaucoma. Eur J Ophthalmol 12:44-48
73. Polak K, Luksch A, Berisha F, Fuchsjäger-Mayrl G, Dallinger S, Schmetterer L (2007) Altered nitric oxide system in patients with open angle glaucoma. Arch Ophthalmol 125:494-498. doi: 10.1001/ archopht.125.4.494
74. Tunny TJ, Richardson KA, Clark CV (1998) Association study of the 5′ flanking regions of endothelial-nitric oxide synthase and endothelin -1 gene in familial primary open angle glaucoma. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 25:26-29. doi: 10.1111/j.1440-1681.1998.tb02138.x
75. Cellini M, Possati GL, Profazio V, Sbreocca M, Caramazza N, Caramazza R (1997) Colour Doppler imaging and plasma levels of endothelin-1 in low tension glaucoma. Acta Ophthalmol Scand Suppl 224:11-13