Cathepsin S and its inhibitor cystatin C: Imbalance in uveal melanoma

Frontiers in Bioscience

Volumn 14, Issue 7, 2009, Pages 2504-2513

  Paraoan, Luminita ^a   Gray, Donna ^a   Hiscott, Paul ^a,b   Garcia Finana, Marta ^a   Lane, Brian ^a   Damato, Bertil ^b   Grierson, Ian ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF LIVERPOOL   (United Kingdom)

^b ROYAL LIVERPOOL UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Cathepsin S; Cystatin C; Proteolysis; Uveal melanoma

Indexed keywords

CATHEPSIN; CATHEPSIN S; CYSTATIN C; CYSTEINE PROTEINASE INHIBITOR;

AGED; ARTICLE; DRUG ANTAGONISM; ENZYMOLOGY; FEMALE; HUMAN; IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY; MALE; MELANOMA; METABOLISM; MIDDLE AGED; UVEA TUMOR; WESTERN BLOTTING;

AGED; BLOTTING, WESTERN; CATHEPSINS; CYSTATIN C; CYSTEINE PROTEINASE INHIBITORS; FEMALE; HUMANS; IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY; MALE; MELANOMA; MIDDLE AGED; UVEAL NEOPLASMS;

EID: 63849329963     PISSN: 27686701     EISSN: 27686698     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2741/3393     Document Type: Article

References (55)

1. M. M. Mohamed and B. F. Sloane: Cysteine cathepsins: multifunctional enzymes in cancer. Nat Rev Cancer 6, 764-775 (2006). (Pubitemid 44450465)
2. J. A. Joyce and D. Hanahan: Multiple roles for cysteine cathepsins in cancer. Cell Cycle 3, 1516-1619 (2004).
3. J. A. Joyce, A. Baruch, K. Chehade, N. Meyer-Morse, E. Giraudo, F. Y. Tsai, D. C. Greenbaum, J. H. Hager, M. Bogyo and D. Hanahan: Cathepsin cysteine proteases are effectors of invasive growth and angiogenesis during multistage tumorigenesis. Cancer Cell 5, 443-453 (2004). (Pubitemid 38610246)
4. R. Colella, E. Goodwyn and P. Gopal: Increased cell density decreases cysteine proteinase inhibitor activity and increases invasive ability of two prostate tumor cell lines. Cancer Lett 185, 163-172 (2002).
5. R. Colella, T. Jackson and E. Goodwyn: Matrigel invasion by the prostate cancer cell lines, PC3 and DU145, and cathepsin L+B activity. Biotech Histochem 79, 121-127 (2004). (Pubitemid 40036586)
6. T. T. Lah and J. Kos: Cysteine proteinases in cancer progression and their clinical relevance for prognosis. Biol Chem 379, 125-130 (1998). (Pubitemid 28075971)
7. N. D. Rawlings, F. R. Morton and A. J. Barrett: MEROPS: the peptidase database. Nucleic Acids Res 34, D270-D272 (2006).
8. J. A. Joyce, A. Baruch, K. Chehade, N. Meyer-Morse, E. Giraudo, F. Y. Tsai, D. C. Greenbaum, J. H. Hager, M. Bogyo and D. Hanahan: Cathepsin cysteine proteases are effectors of invasive growth and angiogenesis during multistage tumorigenesis. Cancer Cell 5, 443-453 (2004). (Pubitemid 38610246)
9. M. Baekelandt, R. Holm, C. G. Trope, J. M. Nesland and G. B. Kristensen: The significance of metastasisrelated factors cathepsin-D and nm23 in advanced ovarian cancer. Ann Oncol 10, 1335-1341 (1999).
10. L. B. Riley, M. K. Lange, R. J. Browne, P. J. Cochrane, I. J. Choi, B. Davis, S. Arcona and J. A. Alhadeff: Analysis of cathepsin D in human breast cancer: usefulness of the processed 31 kDa active form of the enzyme as a prognostic indicator in node-negative and node-positive patients. Breast Cancer Res Treat 60, 173-179 (2000). (Pubitemid 30307477)
11. I. Podgorski, B. E. Linebaugh and B. F. Sloane: Cathepsin K in the bone microenvironment: link between obesity and prostate cancer? Biochem Soc Trans 35, 701-703 (2007). (Pubitemid 47310347)
12. Z. Yang and J. L. Cox: Cathepsin L increases invasion and migration of B16 melanoma. Cancer Cell Int 7, 8 (2007).
13. M. M. Mohamed and B. F. Sloane: Cysteine cathepsins: multifunctional enzymes in cancer. Nat Rev Cancer 6, 764- 775 (2006). (Pubitemid 44450465)
14. L. Paraoan, D. Gray, P. Hiscott, I. Grierson and B. Damato. Expression of p53-induced apoptosis effector in uveal melanoma with different cytogenetical characteristics. Invest Ophth Vis Sci 46, E-abstract 3411 (2005).
15. D. M. Albert: The ocular melanoma story. LIII Edward Jackson Memorial Lecture: Part II. Am J Ophthalmol 123, 729-741 (1997). (Pubitemid 27250918)
16. B. E. Damato, Uveal Melanoma. In: Ocular Tumours: Diagnosis and Treatment, Damato BE (Eds.). Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann, 57-93 2000.
17. Y. Aalto, L. Eriksson, S. Seregard, O. Larsson and S. Knuutila: Concomitant loss of chromosome 3 and whole arm losses and gains of chromosome 1, 6, or 8 in metastasizing primary uveal melanoma. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 42, 313-317 (2001). (Pubitemid 32121456)
18. B. E. Damato, J. Paul and W. S. Foulds: Risk factors for metastatic uveal melanoma after trans-scleral local resection. Br J Ophthalmol 80, 109-116 (1996). (Pubitemid 26058542)
19. R. Folberg, X. Chen, H. C. Boldt, J. Pe'er, C. K. Brown, R. F. Woolson and A. J. Maniotis: Microcirculation patterns other than loops and networks in choroidal and ciliary body melanomas. Ophthalmology 108, 996-1001 (2001). (Pubitemid 32374260)
20. G. Prescher, N. Bornfeld, H. Hirche, B. Horsthemke, K. H. Jockel and R. Becher: Prognostic implications of monosomy 3 in uveal melanoma. Lancet 347, 1222-1225 (1996). (Pubitemid 26131850)
21. K. Sisley, I. G. Rennie, M. A. Parsons, R. Jacques, D. W. Hammond, S. M. Bell, A. M. Potter and R. C. Rees: Abnormalities of chromosomes 3 and 8 in posterior uveal melanoma correlate with prognosis. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 19, 22-28 (1997). (Pubitemid 27193716)
22. V. A. White, B. K. McNeil and D. E. Horsman: Acquired homozygosity (isodisomy) of chromosome 3 in uveal melanoma. Cancer Genet Cytogenet 102, 40-45 (1998). (Pubitemid 28129057)
23. A. G. Scholes, B. E. Damato, J. Nunn, P. Hiscott, I. Grierson and J. K. Field: Monosomy 3 in uveal melanoma: correlation with clinical and histologic predictors of survival. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 44, 1008-1011 (2003). (Pubitemid 36297813)
24. E. Kilic, G. W. van, E. Lodder, H. B. Beverloo, M. E. van Til, C. M. Mooy, D. Paridaens, K. A. de and G. P. Luyten: Clinical and cytogenetic analyses in uveal melanoma. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 47, 3703-3707 (2006). (Pubitemid 46044279)
25. G. P. Shi, J. A. Villadangos, G. Dranoff, C. Small, L. Gu, K. J. Haley, R. Riese, H. L. Ploegh and H. A. Chapman: Cathepsin S required for normal MHC class II peptide loading and germinal center development. Immunity 10, 197-206 (1999). (Pubitemid 29115625)
26. J. A. Villadangos, R. A. Bryant, J. Deussing, C. Driessen, A. M. Lennon-Dumenil, R. J. Riese, W. Roth, P. Saftig, G. P. Shi, H. A. Chapman, C. Peters and H. L. Ploegh: Proteases involved in MHC class II antigen presentation. Immunol Rev 172, 109-120 (1999). (Pubitemid 30000473)
27. T. Y. Nakagawa, W. H. Brissette, P. D. Lira, R. J. Griffiths, N. Petrushova, J. Stock, J. D. McNeish, S. E. Eastman, E. D. Howard, S. R. Clarke, E. F. Rosloniec, E. A. Elliott and A. Y. Rudensky: Impaired invariant chain degradation and antigen presentation and diminished collagen-induced arthritis in cathepsin S null mice. Immunity 10, 207-217 (1999). (Pubitemid 29115626)
28. G. P. Shi, G. K. Sukhova, M. Kuzuya, Q. Ye, J. Du, Y. Zhang, J. H. Pan, M. L. Lu, X. W. Cheng, A. Iguchi, S. Perrey, A. M. Lee, H. A. Chapman and P. Libby: Deficiency of the cysteine protease cathepsin S impairs microvessel growth. Circ Res 92, 493-500 (2003). (Pubitemid 36368661)
29. G. K. Sukhova, Y. Zhang, J. H. Pan, Y. Wada, T. Yamamoto, M. Naito, T. Kodama, S. Tsimikas, J. L. Witztum, M. L. Lu, Y. Sakara, M. T. Chin, P. Libby and G. P. Shi: Deficiency of cathepsin S reduces atherosclerosis in LDL receptor-deficient mice. J Clin Invest 111, 897-906 (2003). (Pubitemid 37074965)
30. S. Taleb, D. Lacasa, J. P. Bastard, C. Poitou, R. Cancello, V. Pelloux, N. Viguerie, A. Benis, J. D. Zucker, J. L. Bouillot, C. Coussieu, A. Basdevant, D. Langin and K. Clement: Cathepsin S, a novel biomarker of adiposity: relevance to atherogenesis. FASEB J 19, 1540-1542 (2005). (Pubitemid 41279024)
31. P. E. Rakoczy, M. C. Lai, M. G. Baines, K. Spilsbury and I. J. Constable: Expression of cathepsin S antisense transcripts by adenovirus in retinal pigment epithelial cells. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 39, 2095-2104 (1998). (Pubitemid 28455079)
32. E. Sugano, H. Tomita, T. Abe, A. Yamashita and M. Tamai: Comparative study of cathepsins D and S in rat IPE and RPE cells. Exp Eye Res 77, 203-209 (2003). (Pubitemid 36842812)
33. H. Kirschke, B. Wiederanders, D. Bromme and A. Rinne: Cathepsin S from bovine spleen. Purification, distribution, intracellular localization and action on proteins. Biochem J 264, 467-473 (1989). (Pubitemid 20024516)
34. O. Vasiljeva, M. Dolinar, J. R. Pungercar, V. Turk and B. Turk: Recombinant human procathepsin S is capable of autocatalytic processing at neutral pH in the presence of glycosaminoglycans. FEBS Lett 579, 1285-1290 (2005). (Pubitemid 40248701)
35. L. Paraoan and I. Grierson: Focus on molecules: cystatin C. Exp Eye Res 84, 1019-1020 (2007). (Pubitemid 46770716)
36. L. Paraoan, M. R. White, D. G. Spiller, I. Grierson and B. E. Maden: Precursor cystatin C in cultured retinal pigment epithelium cells: evidence for processing through the secretory pathway. Mol Membr Biol 18, 229-236 (2001). (Pubitemid 32971220)
37. L. Paraoan, I. Grierson and B. E. Maden: Fate of cystatin C lacking the leader sequence in RPE cells. Exp Eye Res 76, 753-756 (2003). (Pubitemid 36549031)
38. U. H. Lerner and A. Grubb: Human cystatin C, a cysteine proteinase inhibitor, inhibits bone resorption in vitro stimulated by parathyroid hormone and parathyroid hormone-related peptide of malignancy. J Bone Miner Res 7, 433-440 (1992).
39. J. Leung-Tack, C. Tavera, J. Martinez and A. Colle: Neutrophil chemotactic activity is modulated by human cystatin C, an inhibitor of cysteine proteases. Inflammation 14, 247-258 (1990). (Pubitemid 20174275)
40. L. Xu, J. Sheng, Z. Tang, X. Wu, Y. Yu, H. Guo, Y. Shen, C. Zhou, L. Paraoan and J. Zhou: Cystatin C prevents degeneration of rat nigral dopaminergic neurons: in vitro and in vivo studies. Neurobiol Dis 18, 152-165 (2005). (Pubitemid 40092905)
41. L. Paraoan, D. Gray, P. Hiscott, B. Ebrahimi, B. Damato and I. Grierson: Expression of p53-induced apoptosis effector PERP in primary uveal melanomas: downregulation is associated with aggressive type. Exp Eye Res 83, 911-919 (2006). (Pubitemid 44292688)
42. J. P. Sokol and W. P. Schiemann: Cystatin C antagonizes transforming growth factor beta signaling in normal and cancer cells. Mol Cancer Res 2, 183-195 (2004). (Pubitemid 39030308)
43. J. L. Cox, P. S. Sexton, T. J. Green and N. A. Darmani: Inhibition of B16 melanoma metastasis by overexpression of the cysteine proteinase inhibitor cystatin C. Melanoma Res 9, 369-374 (1999). (Pubitemid 29407069)
44. C. G. Huh, K. Hakansson, C. M. Nathanson, U. P. Thorgeirsson, N. Jonsson, A. Grubb, M. Abrahamson and S. Karlsson: Decreased metastatic spread in mice homozygous for a null allele of the cystatin C protease inhibitor gene. Mol Pathol 52, 332-340 (1999). (Pubitemid 30002765)
45. M. Yano, K. Hirai, Z. Naito, M. Yokoyama, T. Ishiwata, Y. Shiraki, M. Inokuchi and G. Asano: Expression of cathepsin B and cystatin C in human breast cancer. Surg Today 31, 385-389 (2001). (Pubitemid 32441901)
46. H. Nishikawa, Y. Ozaki, T. Nakanishi, K. Blomgren, T. Tada, A. Arakawa and K. Suzumori: The role of cathepsin B and cystatin C in the mechanisms of invasion by ovarian cancer. Gynecol Oncol 92, 881-886 (2004). (Pubitemid 38251392)
47. B. Friedrich, K. Jung, M. Lein, I. Turk, B. Rudolph, G. Hampel, D. Schnorr and S. A. Loening: Cathepsins B, H, L and cysteine protease inhibitors in malignant prostate cell lines, primary cultured prostatic cells and prostatic tissue. Eur J Cancer 35, 138-144 (1999). (Pubitemid 29079505)
48. O. Corticchiato, J. F. Cajot, M. Abrahamson, S. J. Chan, D. Keppler and B. Sordat: Cystatin C and cathepsin B in human colon carcinoma: expression by cell lines and matrix degradation. Int J Cancer 52, 645-652 (1992).
49. X. W. Cheng, M. Kuzuya, T. Sasaki, K. Arakawa, S. Kanda, D. Sumi, T. Koike, K. Maeda, N. Tamaya-Mori, G. P. Shi, N. Saito and A. Iguchi: Increased expression of elastolytic cysteine proteases, cathepsins S and K, in the neointima of balloon-injured rat carotid arteries. Am J Pathol 164, 243-251 (2004). (Pubitemid 38364608)
50. J. Liu, G. K. Sukhova, J. S. Sun, W. H. Xu, P. Libby and G. P. Shi: Lysosomal cysteine proteases in atherosclerosis. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 24, 1359- 1366 (2004). (Pubitemid 39056073)
51. G. P. Shi, G. K. Sukhova, A. Grubb, A. Ducharme, L. H. Rhode, R. T. Lee, P. M. Ridker, P. Libby and H. A. Chapman: Cystatin C deficiency in human atherosclerosis and aortic aneurysms. J Clin Invest 104, 1191-1197 (1999). (Pubitemid 29536290)
52. B. Wang, J. Sun, S. Kitamoto, M. Yang, A. Grubb, H. A. Chapman, R. Kalluri and G. P. Shi: Cathepsin S controls angiogenesis and tumor growth via matrix-derived angiogenic factors. J Biol Chem 281, 6020-6029 (2006). (Pubitemid 43847703)
53. J. L. Ordonez, L. Paraoan, P. Hiscott, D. Gray, M. Garcia-Finana, I. Grierson and B. Damato: Differential expression of angioregulatory matricellular proteins in posterior uveal melanoma. Melanoma Res 15, 495-502 (2005). (Pubitemid 44124260)
54. V. Gocheva, W. Zeng, D. Ke, D. Klimstra, T. Reinheckel, C. Peters, D. Hanahan and J. A. Joyce: Distinct roles for cysteine cathepsin genes in multistage tumorigenesis. Genes Dev 20, 543-556 (2006). (Pubitemid 43345321)
55. L. Paraoan, I. Grierson and B. E. H. Maden: Analysis of expressed sequence tags of retinal pigment epithelium: cystatin C is an abundant transcript. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 32, 417-426 (2000). (Pubitemid 30101622)