Insulin management in overweight or obese type 2 diabetes patients: The role of insulin glargine

Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism

Volumn 10, Issue SUPPL.2, 2008, Pages 42-49

  Davies, M ^a   Khunti, K ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF LEICESTER   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Insulin glargine; Long acting insulin; Obesity; Type 2 diabetes; Weight management

Indexed keywords

ANTIDIABETIC AGENT; DRUG DERIVATIVE; GLARGINE; GLYCOSYLATED HEMOGLOBIN; INSULIN;

DRUG EFFECT; HUMAN; METABOLISM; NON INSULIN DEPENDENT DIABETES MELLITUS; OBESITY; PATHOPHYSIOLOGY; REVIEW; WEIGHT GAIN;

DIABETES MELLITUS, TYPE 2; HEMOGLOBIN A, GLYCOSYLATED; HUMANS; HYPOGLYCEMIC AGENTS; INSULIN; OVERWEIGHT; WEIGHT GAIN;

EID: 63449136676     PISSN: 14628902     EISSN: 14631326     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1463-1326.2008.00844.x     Document Type: Review

References (54)

1. Lipscombe LL, Hux JE. Trends in diabetes prevalence, incidence, and mortality in Ontario, Canada 1995-2005: a population-based study. Lancet 2007; 369: 750-756.
2. Lusignan S, Sismanidis C, Carey IM, DeWilde S, Richards N, Cook DG. Trends in the prevalence and management of diagnosed type 2 diabetes 1994-2001 in England and Wales. BMC Fam Pract 2005; 6: 13.
3. Wild S, Roglic G, Green A, Sicree R, King H. Global prevalence of diabetes: estimates for the year 2000 and projections for 2030. Diabetes Care 2004; 27: 1047-1053.
4. Hart CL, Hole DJ, Lawlor DA, Davey Smith G. How many cases of type 2 diabetes mellitus are due to being overweight in middle age? Evidence from the Midspan prospective cohort studies using mention of diabetes mellitus on hospital discharge or death records. Diabet Med 2007; 24: 73-80.
5. Røder ME, Dinesen B, Hartling SG et al. Intact proinsulin and beta-cell function in lean and obese subjects with and without type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care 1999; 22: 609-614.
6. Carver C. Insulin treatment and the problem of weight gain in type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Educ 2006; 32: 910-917.
7. Davies M. The reality of glycaemic control in insulin treated diabetes: defining the clinical challenges. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord 2004; 28 (Suppl. 2): S14-S22.
8. Korytkowski M. When oral agents fail: practical barriers to starting insulin. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord 2002; 26: S18-S24.
9. Polonsky WH, Fisher L, Guzman S, Villa-Caballero L, Edelman SV. Psychological insulin resistance in patients with type 2 diabetes: the scope of the problem. Diabetes Care 2005; 28: 2543-2545.
10. Mullins P, Sharplin P, Yki-Jarvinen H, Riddle MC, Haring HU. Negative binomial meta-regression analysis of combined glycosylated hemoglobin and hypoglycemia outcomes across eleven Phase III and IV studies of insulin glargine compared with neutral protamine Hagedorn insulin in type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Clin Ther 2007; 29: 1607-1619.
11. Hermansen K, Davies M, Derezinski T, Martinez Ravn G, Clauson P, Home P. A 26-week, randomized, parallel, treat-to-target trial comparing insulin detemir with NPH insulin as add-on therapy to oral glucose-lowering drugs in insulin-naive people with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care 2006; 29: 1269-1274.
12. Ogden CL, Yanovski SZ, Carroll MD, Flegal KM. The epidemiology of obesity. Gastroenterology 2007; 132: 2087-2102.
13. Abate N, Chandalia M. The impact of ethnicity on type 2 diabetes. J Diabetes Complications 2003; 17: 39-58.
14. Shai I, Jiang R, Manson JE et al. Ethnicity, obesity, and risk of type 2 diabetes in women: a 20-year follow-up study. Diabetes Care 2006; 29: 1585-1590.
15. WHO Expert Consultation. Appropriate body-mass index for Asian populations and its implications for policy and intervention strategies. Lancet 2004; 363: 157-163.
16. Ferrannini E, Gastaldelli A, Miyazaki Y, Matsuda M, Mari A, DeFronzo RA. beta-Cell function in subjects spanning the range from normal glucose tolerance to overt diabetes: a new analysis. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2005; 90: 493-500.
17. Blaak EE. Basic disturbances in skeletal muscle fatty acid metabolism in obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Proc Nutr Soc 2004; 63: 323-330.
18. Gregg EW, Cheng YJ, Narayan KM, Thompson TJ, Williamson DF. The relative contributions of different levels of overweight and obesity to the increased prevalence of diabetes in the United States: 1976-2004. Prev Med 2007; 45: 348-352.
19. Adler AI, Stevens RJ, Neil A, Stratton IM, Boulton AJ, Holman RR. UKPDS 59: hyperglycemia and other potentially modifiable risk factors for peripheral vascular disease in type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care 2002; 25: 894-899.
20. Stratton IM, Adler AI, Neil HA et al. Association of glycaemia with macrovascular and microvascular complications of type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 35): prospective observational study. BMJ 2000; 321: 405-412.
21. Stratton IM, Kohner EM, Aldington SJ et al. UKPDS 50: risk factors for incidence and progression of retinopathy in type II diabetes over 6 years from diagnosis. Diabetologia 2001; 44: 156-163.
22. See R, Abdullah SM, McGuire DK et al. The association of differing measures of overweight and obesity with prevalent atherosclerosis: the Dallas Heart Study. J Am Coll Cardiol 2007; 50: 752-759.
23. Fonseca VA. Insulin resistance, diabetes, hypertension, and renin-angiotensin system inhibition: reducing risk for cardiovascular disease. J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich) 2006; 8: 713-720; quiz 721-722.
24. Adler AI, Neil HA, Manley SE, Holman RR, Turner RC. Hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia at diagnosis of diabetes and their association with subsequent cardiovascular disease in the United Kingdom prospective diabetes study (UKPDS 47). Am Heart J 1999; 138: S353-S359.
25. Gastaldelli A, Cusi K, Pettiti M et al. Relationship between hepatic/visceral fat and hepatic insulin resistance in nondiabetic and type 2 diabetic subjects. Gastroenterology 2007; 133: 496-506.
26. Burns N, Finucane FM, Hatunic M et al. Early-onset type 2 diabetes in obese white subjects is characterised by a marked defect in beta cell insulin secretion, severe insulin resistance and a lack of response to aerobic exercise training. Diabetologia 2007; 50: 1500-1508.
27. Kahn SE, Haffner SM, Heise MA et al. Glycemic durability of rosiglitazone, metformin, or glyburide monotherapy. N Engl J Med 2006; 355: 2427-2443.
28. Golay A. Metformin and body weight. Int J Obes (Lond) 2008; 32: 61-72.
29. Nathan DM, Buse JB, Davidson MB et al. Management of hyperglycaemia in type 2 diabetes: a consensus algorithm for the initiation and adjustment of therapy: a consensus statement from the American Diabetes Association and the European Association for the Study of Diabetes. Diabetologia 2006; 49: 1711-1721.
30. Mäkimattila S, Nikkila K, Yki-Jarvinen H. Causes of weight gain during insulin therapy with and without metformin in patients with type II diabetes mellitus. Diabetologia 1999; 42: 406-412.
31. Orre-Pettersson AC, Lindstrom T, Bergmark V, Arnqvist HJ. The snack is critical for the blood glucose profile during treatment with regular insulin preprandially. J Intern Med 1999; 245: 41-45.
32. Riddle M, Rosenstock J, Gerich J; Insulin Glargine 4002 Study Investigators. The treat-to-target trial: randomized addition of glargine or human NPH insulin to oral therapy of type 2 diabetic patients. Diabetes Care 2003; 26: 3080-3086.
33. Gerich J, Becker RH, Zhu R, Bolli GB. Fluctuation of serum basal insulin levels following single and multiple dosing of insulin glargine. Diabetes Technol Ther 2006; 8: 237-243.
34. Rosenstock J, Schwartz SL, Clark CM Jr, Park GD, Donley DW, Edwards MB. Basal insulin therapy in type 2 diabetes: 28-week comparison of insulin glargine (HOE 901) and NPH insulin. Diabetes Care 2001; 24: 631-636.
35. Yki-Jarvinen H, Kauppinen-Makelin R, Tiikkainen M et al. Insulin glargine or NPH combined with metformin in type 2 diabetes: the LANMET study. Diabetologia 2006; 49: 442-451.
36. Hermansen K, Davies M. Does insulin detemir have a role in reducing risk of insulin-associated weight gain? Diabetes Obes Metab 2007; 9: 209-217.
37. Welle S, Nair KS, Lockwood D. Effect of a sulfonylurea and insulin on energy expenditure in type II diabetes mellitus. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1988; 66: 593-597.
38. Rosenstock J, Sugimoto D, Strange P, Stewart JA, Soltes-Rak E, Dailey G. Triple therapy in type 2 diabetes: insulin glargine or rosiglitazone added to combination therapy of sulfonylurea plus metformin in insulin-naive patients. Diabetes Care 2006; 29: 554-559.
39. Janka HU, Plewe G, Riddle MC, Kliebe-Frisch C, Schweitzer MA, Yki-Jarvinen H. Comparison of basal insulin added to oral agents versus twice-daily premixed insulin as initial insulin therapy for type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care 2005; 28: 254-259.
40. Raskin P, Allen E, Hollander P et al. Initiating insulin therapy in type 2 diabetes: a comparison of biphasic and basal insulin analogs. Diabetes Care 2005; 28: 260-265.
41. Holman RR, Thorne KI, Farmer AJ et al. 4-T Study Group. Addition of biphasic, prandial, or basal insulin to oral therapy in type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med 2007; 357: 1716-1730.
42. Davies M, Storms F, Shutler S, Bianchi-Biscay M, Gomis R. Improvement of glycemic control in subjects with poorly controlled type 2 diabetes: comparison of two treatment algorithms using insulin glargine. Diabetes Care 2005; 28: 1282-1288.
43. Hammer H, Klinge A. Patients with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled on premixed insulin: effect of initiating insulin glargine plus oral antidiabetic agents on glycaemic control in daily practice. Int J Clin Pract 2007; 61: 2009-2018.
44. Massi Benedetti M, Humburg E, Dressler A, Ziemen M. A one-year, randomised, multicentre trial comparing insulin glargine with NPH insulin in combination with oral agents in patients with type 2 diabetes. Horm Metab Res 2003; 35: 189-196.
45. Schreiber SA, Ferlinz K, Haak T. The long-term efficacy of insulin glargine plus oral antidiabetic agents in a 32-month observational study of everyday clinical practice. Diabetes Technol Ther 2007 (in press).
46. Schreiber SA, Haak T. Insulin glargine benefits patients with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled on oral antidiabetic treatment: an observational study of everyday practice in 12, 216 patients. Diabetes Obes Metab 2007; 9: 31-38.
47. Tanenberg RJ, Zisman A, Stewart J. Glycemia Optimization Treatment (GOT): glycemic control and rate of severe hypoglycemia for five different dosing algorithms of insulin glargine in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Diabetes 2006; 55: A135 (Abstract 567-P).
48. Kennedy L, Herman WH. Glycated hemoglobin assessment in clinical practice: comparison of the A1cNow point-of-care device with central laboratory testing (GOAL A1C Study). Diabetes Technol Ther 2005; 7: 907-912.
49. UKPDS. Intensive blood-glucose control with sulphonylureas or insulin compared with conventional treatment and risk of complications in patients with type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 33). (UK Prospective Diabetes Study Group). Lancet 1998; 352: 837-853.
50. Shichiri M, Kishikawa H, Ohkubo Y, Wake N. Long-term results of the Kumamoto Study on optimal diabetes control in type 2 diabetic patients. Diabetes Care 2000; 23 (Suppl. 2): B21-B29.
51. Yki-Jarvinen H, Dressler A, Ziemen M. Less nocturnal hypoglycemia and better post-dinner glucose control with bedtime insulin glargine compared with bedtime NPH insulin during insulin combination therapy in type 2 diabetes. HOE 901/3002 Study Group. Diabetes Care 2000; 23: 1130-1136.
52. Fritsche A, Schweitzer MA, Haring HU. Glimepiride combined with morning insulin glargine, bedtime neutral protamine hagedorn insulin, or bedtime insulin glargine in patients with type 2 diabetes. A randomized, controlled trial. Ann Intern Med 2003; 138: 952-959.
53. Pan CY, Sinnassamy P, Chung KD, Kim KW. Insulin glargine versus NPH insulin therapy in Asian type 2 diabetes patients. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2007; 76: 111-118.
54. Bretzel RG, Nuber U, Landgraf W et al. Once-daily basal insulin glargine versus thrice-daily prandial insulin lispro in people with type 2 diabetes on oral hypoglycaemic agents (APOLLO): an open randomised controlled trial. Lancet 2008; 371: 1073-1084.