메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 79, Issue 3, 2008, Pages 165-171

The dilemma of the nonthyroidal illness syndrome

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ALPHA INTERMEDIN; ENDOTOXIN; LEPTIN; LIOTHYRONINE; NEUROPEPTIDE Y; PROTIRELIN; THYROID HORMONE; THYROTROPIN; THYROXINE; THYROXINE DEIODINASE; THYROXINE DEIODINASE TYPE 1; THYROXINE DEIODINASE TYPE 2; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG;

EID: 63049139501     PISSN: 03924203     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Editorial
Times cited : (15)

References (59)
  • 2
    • 0028843168 scopus 로고
    • Prediction of outcome in intensive care patients using endocrine parameters
    • Rothwell PM, Lawler PG. Prediction of outcome in intensive care patients using endocrine parameters. Crit Care Med 1995; 23: 78-83.
    • (1995) Crit Care Med , vol.23 , pp. 78-83
    • Rothwell, P.M.1    Lawler, P.G.2
  • 3
    • 29844441156 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Non-thyroidal illness syndrome is a manifestation of hypothalamic- pituitary dysfunction, and in view of current evidence, should be treated with appropriate replacement therapies
    • DOI 10.1016/j.ccc.2005.10.001, PII S0749070405001077, Endocrinology of Critical Illness
    • De Groot LJ. Non-thyroidal illness syndrome is a manifestation of hypothalamic-pituitary dysfunction, and in view of current evidence, should be treated with appropriate replacement therapies. Crit Care Clin 2006; 22: 57-86. (Pubitemid 43037110)
    • (2006) Critical Care Clinics , vol.22 , Issue.1 , pp. 57-86
    • De Groot, L.J.1
  • 5
    • 0042200747 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Thermogenic Effect of Thyroid Hormone and Its Clinical Implications
    • Silva JE. The thermogenic effect of thyroid hormone and its clinical implications. Ann Intern Med 2003; 139: 205-213 (Pubitemid 38124603)
    • (2003) Annals of Internal Medicine , vol.139 , Issue.3 , pp. 205-213
    • Silva, J.E.1
  • 6
    • 0031733178 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Thyroxine 5′-deiodination mediates norepinephrine induced lipogenesis in dispersed brown adipocytes
    • DOI 10.1210/en.139.2.571
    • Bianco AC, Carvalho SD, Carvalho CR, Rabelo R, Moriscot AS. Thyroxine 5′-deiodination mediates norepinephrine- induced lipogenesis in dispersed brown adipocytes. Endocrinology 1998; 139: 571-578 (Pubitemid 28513205)
    • (1998) Endocrinology , vol.139 , Issue.2 , pp. 571-578
    • Bianco, A.C.1    Carvalho, S.D.2    Carvalho, C.R.F.3    Rabelo, R.4    Moriscot, A.S.5
  • 7
    • 0025970029 scopus 로고
    • Functional relationship of thyroid hormone-induced lipogenesis, lipolysis, and thermogenesis in the rat
    • Oppenheimer JH, Schwartz HL, Lane JT, Thompson MP. Functional relationship of thyroid hormone-induced lipogenesis, lipolysis, and thermogenesis in the rat. J Clin Invest 1991; 87: 125-132
    • (1991) J Clin Invest , vol.87 , pp. 125-132
    • Oppenheimer, J.H.1    Schwartz, H.L.2    Lane, J.T.3    Thompson, M.P.4
  • 9
    • 0026621867 scopus 로고
    • Feedback regulation of thyrotropin-releasing hormone gene expression by thyroid hormone in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus
    • Lechan RM, Kakucska I. Feedback regulation of thyrotropin-releasing hormone gene expression by thyroid hormone in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus. Ciba Found Symp 1992; 168: 144-158
    • (1992) Ciba Found Symp , vol.168 , pp. 144-158
    • Lechan, R.M.1    Kakucska, I.2
  • 10
    • 33646796324 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Thyroid hormones selectively regulate the posttranslational processing of prothyrotropin-releasing hormone in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus
    • DOI 10.1210/en.2005-1609
    • Perello M, Friedman T, Paez-Espinosa V, Shen X, Stuart RC, Nillni EA. Thyroid hormones selectively regulate the posttranslational processing of prothyrotropin-releasing hormone in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus. Endocrinology 2006; 147: 2705-2716 (Pubitemid 43764607)
    • (2006) Endocrinology , vol.147 , Issue.6 , pp. 2705-2716
    • Perello, M.1    Friedman, T.2    Paez-Espinosa, V.3    Shen, X.4    Stuart, R.C.5    Nillni, E.A.6
  • 11
    • 0026621867 scopus 로고
    • Feedback regulation of thyrotropin-releasing hormone gene expression by thyroid hormone in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus
    • John Wiley & Sons Ltd, Chichester
    • Lechan RM, Kakucska I. Feedback regulation of thyrotropin-releasing hormone gene expression by thyroid hormone in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus. In: Functional Anatomy of the Neuroendocrine Hypothalamus, Ciba foundation Symposium 168. John Wiley & Sons Ltd, Chichester; 1992: 144-164
    • (1992) Functional Anatomy of the Neuroendocrine Hypothalamus, Ciba Foundation Symposium 168 , pp. 144-164
    • Lechan, R.M.1    Kakucska, I.2
  • 12
    • 0023276772 scopus 로고
    • Thyroid hormones regulate the amount of thyrotrophin-releasing hormone in the hypothalamic median eminence of the rat
    • Mori M, Yamada M. Thyroid hormones regulate the amount of thyrotrophin-releasing hormone in the hypothalamic median eminence of the rat. J Endocrinol 1987; 114: 443-448 (Pubitemid 17130209)
    • (1987) Journal of Endocrinology , vol.114 , Issue.3 , pp. 443-448
    • Mori, M.1    Yamada, M.2
  • 13
    • 0028032446 scopus 로고
    • A central negative feedback action of thyroid hormones on thyrotropin- Releasing hormone secretion
    • DOI 10.1210/en.135.6.2392
    • Dahl GE, Evans NP, Thrun LA, Karsch FJ. A central negative feedback action of thyroid hormones on thyrotropinreleasing hormone secretion. Endocrinology 1994; 135: 2392-2397 (Pubitemid 24377393)
    • (1994) Endocrinology , vol.135 , Issue.6 , pp. 2392-2397
    • Dahl, G.E.1    Evans, N.P.2    Thrun, L.A.3    Karsch, F.J.4
  • 14
    • 0026577371 scopus 로고
    • Effects of hypothyroidism on hypothalamic release of thyrotropin- releasing hormone in rats
    • Rondeel JM, de Greef WJ, Klootwijk W, Visser TJ. Effects of hypothyroidism on hypothalamic release of thyrotropin-releasing hormone in rats. Endocrinology 1992; 130: 651-656
    • (1992) Endocrinology , vol.130 , pp. 651-656
    • Rondeel, J.M.1    De Greef, W.J.2    Klootwijk, W.3    Visser, T.J.4
  • 16
    • 0014871130 scopus 로고
    • Feedback regulation of TSH secretion in rats with hypothalamic lesions
    • Martin JB, Boshans R, Reichlin S. Feedback regulation of TSH secretion in rats with hypothalamic lesions. Endocrinology 1970; 87: 1032-1040
    • (1970) Endocrinology , vol.87 , pp. 1032-1040
    • Martin, J.B.1    Boshans, R.2    Reichlin, S.3
  • 17
    • 0022444605 scopus 로고
    • Sustained rises in serum thyrotropin, thyroxine, and triiodothyronine during long term, continuous thyrotropin-releasing hormone treatment in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
    • Kaplan MM, Taft JA, Reichlin S, Munsat TL. Sustained rises in serum thyrotropin, thyroxine, and triiodothyronine during long term, continuous thyrotropin-releasing hormone treatment in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1986; 63: 808-814 (Pubitemid 16004278)
    • (1986) Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism , vol.63 , Issue.4 , pp. 808-814
    • Kaplan, M.M.1    Taft, J.A.2    Reichlin, S.3    Munsat, T.L.4
  • 18
    • 42149100142 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Identification of molecular mechanisms related to nonthyroidal illness syndrome in skeletal muscle and adipose tissue from patients with septic shock
    • Rodriguez-Perez A, Palos-Paz F, Kaptein E, et al. Identification of molecular mechanisms related to nonthyroidal illness syndrome in skeletal muscle and adipose tissue from patients with septic shock. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf ) 2008; 68: 821-827
    • (2008) Clin Endocrinol (Oxf ) , vol.68 , pp. 821-827
    • Rodriguez-Perez, A.1    Palos-Paz, F.2    Kaptein, E.3
  • 20
    • 27844520169 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tissue deiodinase activity during prolonged critical illness: Effects of exogenous thyrotropin-releasing hormone and its combination with growth hormone-releasing peptide-2
    • DOI 10.1210/en.2005-0963
    • Debaveye Y, Ellger B, Mebis L, et al.Tissue deiodinase activity during prolonged critical illness: effects of exogenous thyrotropin-releasing hormone and its combination with growth hormone-releasing peptide-2. Endocrinology 2005; 146: 5604-5611 (Pubitemid 41653077)
    • (2005) Endocrinology , vol.146 , Issue.12 , pp. 5604-5611
    • Debaveye, Y.1    Ellger, B.2    Mebis, L.3    Van Herck, E.4    Coopmans, W.5    Darras, V.6    Van Den Berghe, G.7
  • 21
    • 34447123224 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Negative feedback regulation of hypophysiotropic thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) synthesizing neurons: Role of neuronal afferents and type 2 deiodinase
    • DOI 10.1016/j.yfrne.2007.04.002, PII S0091302207000155
    • Fekete C, Lechan RM.Negative feedback regulation of hypophysiotropic thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) synthesizing neurons: role of neuronal afferents and type 2 deiodinase. Front Neuroendocrinol 2007; 28: 97-114. (Pubitemid 47033939)
    • (2007) Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology , vol.28 , Issue.2-3 , pp. 97-114
    • Fekete, C.1    Lechan, R.M.2
  • 22
    • 33746308184 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chapter 12: The TRH neuron: a hypothalamic integrator of energy metabolism
    • DOI 10.1016/S0079-6123(06)53012-2, PII S0079612306530122, Hypothalmic Integration of Energy Metabolism
    • Lechan RM, Fekete C. The TRH neuron: a hypothalamic integrator of energy metabolism. Prog Brain Res 2006; 153: 209-235 (Pubitemid 44107417)
    • (2006) Progress in Brain Research , vol.153 , pp. 209-235
    • Lechan, R.M.1    Fekete, C.2
  • 24
    • 0000659858 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Leptin prevents fasting-induced suppression of prothyrotropin-releasing hormone messenger ribonucleic acid in neurons of the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus
    • DOI 10.1210/en.138.6.2569
    • Legradi G, Emerson CH, Ahima RS, Flier JS, Lechan RM. Leptin prevents fasting-induced suppression of prothyrotropin- releasing hormone messenger ribonucleic acid in neurons of the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus. Endocrinology 1997; 138: 2569-2576 (Pubitemid 27215264)
    • (1997) Endocrinology , vol.138 , Issue.6 , pp. 2569-2576
    • Legradi, G.1    Emerson, C.H.2    Ahima, R.S.3    Flier, J.S.4    Lechan, R.M.5
  • 25
    • 0037651108 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of falling leptin levels in the neuroendocrine and metabolic adaptation to short-term starvation in healthy men
    • DOI 10.1172/JCI200317490
    • Chan JL, Heist K, DePaoli AM, Veldhuis JD, Mantzoros CS. The role of falling leptin levels in the neuroendocrine and metabolic adaptation to short-term starvation in healthy men. J Clin Invest 2003; 111: 1409-1421 (Pubitemid 36554712)
    • (2003) Journal of Clinical Investigation , vol.111 , Issue.9 , pp. 1409-1421
    • Chan, J.L.1    Heist, K.2    Depaoli, A.M.3    Veldhuis, J.D.4    Mantzoros, C.S.5
  • 27
    • 0036093071 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Low dose leptin administration reverses effects of sustained weight-reduction on energy expenditure and circulating concentrations of thyroid hormones
    • DOI 10.1210/jc.87.5.2391
    • Rosenbaum M, Murphy EM, Heymsfield SB, Matthews DE, Leibel RL. Low dose leptin administration reverses effects of sustained weight-reduction on energy expenditure and circulating concentrations of thyroid hormones. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2002; 87: 2391-2394 (Pubitemid 34521535)
    • (2002) Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism , vol.87 , Issue.5 , pp. 2391-2394
    • Rosenbaum, M.1    Murphy, E.M.2    Heymsfield, S.B.3    Matthews, D.E.4    Leibel, R.L.5
  • 28
    • 14244253951 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Feedback regulation of thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH): Mechanisms for the non-thyroidal illness syndrome
    • Lechan RM, Fekete C. Feedback regulation of thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH): mechanisms for the non-thyroidal illness syndrome. J Endocrinol Invest 2004; 27: 105-119
    • (2004) J Endocrinol Invest , vol.27 , pp. 105-119
    • Lechan, R.M.1    Fekete, C.2
  • 29
    • 0342858793 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone is contained in nerve terminals innervating thyrotropin-releasing hormone-synthesizing neurons in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus and prevents fasting-induced suppression of prothyrotropin-releasing hormone gene expression
    • Fekete C, Legradi G, Mihaly E, et al. alpha-Melanocytestimulating hormone is contained in nerve terminals innervating thyrotropin-releasing hormone-synthesizing neurons in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus and prevents fasting-induced suppression of prothyrotropin-releasing hormone gene expression. J Neurosci 2000; 20: 1550-1558 (Pubitemid 30220433)
    • (2000) Journal of Neuroscience , vol.20 , Issue.4 , pp. 1550-1558
    • Fekete, C.1    Legradi, G.2    Mihaly, E.3    Huang, Q.-H.4    Tatro, J.B.5    Rand, W.M.6    Emerson, C.H.7    Lechan, R.M.8
  • 30
    • 0037178647 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intracerebroventricular administration of α-melanocyte stimulating hormone increases phosphorylation of CREB in TRH- And CRH-producing neurons of the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus
    • DOI 10.1016/S0006-8993(02)02619-7, PII S0006899302026197
    • Sarkar S, Légrádi G, Lechan RM. Intracerebroventricular administration of alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone increases phosphorylation of CREB in TRH- and CRHproducing neurons of the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus. Brain Res 2002; 945: 50-59 (Pubitemid 34756576)
    • (2002) Brain Research , vol.945 , Issue.1 , pp. 50-59
    • Sarkar, S.1    Legradi, G.2    Lechan, R.M.3
  • 32
    • 9244234318 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of agouti-related protein in regulation of the hypothalamic- Pituitary-thyroid axis in the melanocortin 4 receptor knockout mouse
    • DOI 10.1210/en.2004-0476
    • Fekete C, Marks DL, Sarkar S, et al. Effect of Agouti-Related Protein (Agrp) in Regulation of the Hypothalamic- Pituitary-Thyroid (Hpt) Axis in the Mc4-R Ko Mouse. Endocrinology 2004. (Pubitemid 39551096)
    • (2004) Endocrinology , vol.145 , Issue.11 , pp. 4816-4821
    • Fekete, C.1    Marks, D.L.2    Sarkar, S.3    Emerson, C.H.4    Rand, W.M.5    Cone, R.D.6    Lechan, R.M.7
  • 33
    • 31644446219 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Role of melanocortin signaling in the regulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid (HPT) axis
    • DOI 10.1016/j.peptides.2005.01.033, PII S0196978105004432, The Melanocortin Pathway 2005 Part II
    • Lechan RM, Fekete C. Role of melanocortin signaling in the regulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid (HPT) axis. Peptides 2006; 27: 310-325 (Pubitemid 43168170)
    • (2006) Peptides , vol.27 , Issue.2 , pp. 310-325
    • Lechan, R.M.1    Fekete, C.2
  • 35
    • 0018415335 scopus 로고
    • Effect of tri-iodothyronine replacement on the metabolic and pituitary responses to starvation
    • Gardner DF, Kaplan MM, Stanley CA, Utiger RD. Effect of tri-iodothyronine replacement on the metabolic and pituitary responses to starvation. N Engl J Med 1979; 300: 579-584 (Pubitemid 9123117)
    • (1979) New England Journal of Medicine , vol.300 , Issue.11 , pp. 579-584
    • Gardner, D.F.1    Kaplan, M.M.2    Stanley, C.A.3    Utiger, R.D.4
  • 36
    • 0018647139 scopus 로고
    • The effect of T3 and reverse T3 administration on muscle protein catabolism during fasting as measured by 3-methylhistidine excretion
    • Burman KD,Wartofsky L, Dinterman RE, Kesler P,Wannemacher RW, Jr. The effect of T3 and reverse T3 administration on muscle protein catabolism during fasting as measured by 3-methylhistidine excretion. Metabolism 1979; 28: 805-813
    • (1979) Metabolism , vol.28 , pp. 805-813
    • Burman, K.D.1    Wartofsky, L.2    Dinterman, R.E.3    Kesler, P.4    Wannemacher Jr., R.W.5
  • 37
    • 0035919144 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of LPS administration on the expression of POMC, NPY, galanin, CART and MCH mRNAs in the rat hypothalamus
    • DOI 10.1016/S0169-328X(01)00088-2, PII S0169328X01000882
    • Sergeyev V, Broberger C, Hokfelt T. Effect of LPS administration on the expression of POMC, NPY, galanin, CART and MCH mRNAs in the rat hypothalamus. Brain Res Mol Brain Res 2001; 90: 93-100. (Pubitemid 32537630)
    • (2001) Molecular Brain Research , vol.90 , Issue.2 , pp. 93-100
    • Sergeyev, V.1    Broberger, C.2    Hokfelt, T.3
  • 39
    • 0036268617 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The combined administration of GH-releasing peptide-2 (GHRP-2), TRH and GnRH to men with prolonged critical illness evokes superior endocrine and metabolic effects compared to treatment with GHRP-2 alone
    • Van den Berghe G, Baxter RC, Weekers F, Wouters P, Bowers CY, Iranmanesh A, Veldhuis JD, Bouillon R The combined administration of GH-releasing peptide-2 (GHRP-2), TRH and GnRH to men with prolonged critical illness evokes superior endocrine and metabolic effects compared to treatment with GHRP-2 alone. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2002; 56: 655-669
    • (2002) Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) , vol.56 , pp. 655-669
    • Van Den Berghe, G.1    Baxter, R.C.2    Weekers, F.3    Wouters, P.4    Bowers, C.Y.5    Iranmanesh, A.6    Veldhuis, J.D.7    Bouillon, R.8
  • 42
    • 24044549667 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced type 2 iodothyronine deiodinase (D2) activation in the mediobasal hypothalamus (MBH) is independent of the LPS-induced fall in serum thyroid hormone levels
    • Fekete C, Sarkar S, Christoffolete MA, Emerson CH, Bianco AC, Lechan RM. Bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced type 2 iodothyronine deiodinase (D2) activation in the mediobasal hypothalamus (MBH) is independent of the LPS-induced fall in serum thyroid hormone levels. Brain Res 2005; 1056: 97-99
    • (2005) Brain Res , vol.1056 , pp. 97-99
    • Fekete, C.1    Sarkar, S.2    Christoffolete, M.A.3    Emerson, C.H.4    Bianco, A.C.5    Lechan, R.M.6
  • 43
    • 0036191639 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Biochemistry, cellular and molecular biology, and physiological roles of the iodothyronine selenodeiodinases
    • DOI 10.1210/er.23.1.38
    • Bianco AC, Salvatore D, Gereben B, Berry MJ, Larsen PR. Biochemistry, cellular and molecular biology, and physiological roles of the iodothyronine selenodeiodinases. Endocr Rev 2002; 23: 38-89. (Pubitemid 34185306)
    • (2002) Endocrine Reviews , vol.23 , Issue.1 , pp. 38-89
    • Bianco, A.C.1    Salvatore, D.2    Gereben, B.3    Berry, M.J.4    Larsen, P.R.5
  • 44
    • 34347240795 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Infundibular tanycytes as modulators of neuroendocrine function: Hypothetical role in the regulation of the thyroid and gonadal axis
    • Lechan RM, Fekete C. Infundibular tanycytes as modulators of neuroendocrine function: hypothetical role in the regulation of the thyroid and gonadal axis. Acta Biomed 2007; 78 (Suppl 1): 84-98.
    • (2007) Acta Biomed , vol.78 , Issue.SUPPL. 1 , pp. 84-98
    • Lechan, R.M.1    Fekete, C.2
  • 45
    • 0026649624 scopus 로고
    • Thyrotropin-releasing hormone gene expression in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus is dependent upon feedback regulation by both triiodothyronine and thyroxine
    • Kakucska I, Rand W, Lechan RM. Thyrotropin-releasing hormone gene expression in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus is dependent upon feedback regulation by both triiodothyronine and thyroxine. Endocrinology 1992; 130: 2845-2850
    • (1992) Endocrinology , vol.130 , pp. 2845-2850
    • Kakucska, I.1    Rand, W.2    Lechan, R.M.3
  • 46
    • 0020051327 scopus 로고
    • An analysis of the sources and quantity of 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine specifically bound to nuclear receptors in rat cerebral cortex and cerebellum
    • Crantz FR, Silva JE, Larsen PR. An analysis of the sources and quantity of 3,5,3′-triiodothyronine specifically bound to nuclear receptors in rat cerebral cortex and cerebellum. Endocrinology 1982; 110: 367-375 (Pubitemid 12162924)
    • (1982) Endocrinology , vol.110 , Issue.2 , pp. 367-375
    • Crantz, F.R.1    Silva, J.E.2    Larsen, P.R.3
  • 47
    • 0023626359 scopus 로고
    • The regional hypothalamic distribution of type II 5'-monodeiodinase in euthyroid and hypothyroid rats
    • DOI 10.1016/0006-8993(87)90260-5
    • Riskind PN, Kolodny JM, Larsen PR. The regional hypothalamic distribution of type II 5′-monodeiodinase in euthyroid and hypothyroid rats. Brain Res 1987; 420: 194-198 (Pubitemid 17151318)
    • (1987) Brain Research , vol.420 , Issue.1 , pp. 194-198
    • Riskind, P.N.1    Kolodny, J.M.2    Larsen, P.R.3
  • 48
    • 0030786397 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Regional distribution of type 2 thyroxine deiodinase messenger ribonucleic acid in rat hypothalamus and pituitary and its regulation by thyroid hormone
    • DOI 10.1210/en.138.8.3359
    • Tu HM, Kim SW, Salvatore D, et al. Regional distribution of type 2 thyroxine deiodinase messenger ribonucleic acid in rat hypothalamus and pituitary and its regulation by thyroid hormone. Endocrinology 1997; 138: 3359-3368 (Pubitemid 27345689)
    • (1997) Endocrinology , vol.138 , Issue.8 , pp. 3359-3368
    • Tu, H.M.1    Kim, S.-W.2    Salvatore, D.3    Bartha, T.4    Legradi, G.5    Larsen, P.R.6    Lechan, R.M.7
  • 49
    • 33646559880 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Functional neuroanatomy of thyroid hormone feedback in the human hypothalamus and pituitary gland
    • DOI 10.1016/j.mce.2006.03.042, PII S0303720706001663
    • Fliers E, Unmehopa UA, Alkemade A. Functional neuroanatomy of thyroid hormone feedback in the human hypothalamus and pituitary gland. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2006; 251: 1-8. (Pubitemid 43728839)
    • (2006) Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology , vol.251 , Issue.1-2 , pp. 1-8
    • Fliers, E.1    Unmehopa, U.A.2    Alkemade, A.3
  • 51
    • 0026664498 scopus 로고
    • Thyroid receptors in the rat brain
    • Puymirat J. Thyroid receptors in the rat brain. Prog Neurobiol 1992; 39: 281-294
    • (1992) Prog Neurobiol , vol.39 , pp. 281-294
    • Puymirat, J.1
  • 53
    • 34447626099 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical review: Thyroid hormone replacement in children after cardiac surgery - Is it worth a try?
    • Haas NA, Camphausen CK, Kececioglu D. Clinical review: thyroid hormone replacement in children after cardiac surgery - is it worth a try? Crit Care 2006; 10: 213.
    • (2006) Crit Care , vol.10 , pp. 213
    • Haas, N.A.1    Camphausen, C.K.2    Kececioglu, D.3
  • 54
    • 0022576606 scopus 로고
    • Thyroxine therapy in patients with severe nonthyroidal illnesses and low serum thyroxine concentration
    • Brent GA, Hershman JM. Thyroxine therapy in patients with severe nonthyroidal illnesses and low serum thyroxine concentration. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1986; 63: 1-8. (Pubitemid 16093000)
    • (1986) Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism , vol.63 , Issue.1 , pp. 1-8
    • Brent, G.A.1    Hershman, J.M.2
  • 55
    • 0020348719 scopus 로고
    • Hypermetabolic low triiodothyronine syndrome of burn injury
    • Becker RA, Vaughan GM, Ziegler MG, et al. Hypermetabolic low triiodothyronine syndrome of burn injury. Crit Care Med 1982; 10: 870-875
    • (1982) Crit Care Med , vol.10 , pp. 870-875
    • Becker, R.A.1    Vaughan, G.M.2    Ziegler, M.G.3
  • 56
    • 0028808234 scopus 로고
    • Thyroid hormone treatment after coronary-artery bypass surgery
    • Klemperer JD, Klein I, Gomez M, et al. Thyroid hormone treatment after coronary-artery bypass surgery. N Engl J Med 1995; 333: 1522-1527
    • (1995) N Engl J Med , vol.333 , pp. 1522-1527
    • Klemperer, J.D.1    Klein, I.2    Gomez, M.3
  • 57
    • 34547121958 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Physiological effects of nonthyroidal illness syndrome in patients after cardiac surgery
    • Spratt DI, Frohnauer M, Cyr-Alves H, et al. Physiological effects of nonthyroidal illness syndrome in patients after cardiac surgery. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2007; 293: E310-5.
    • (2007) Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab , vol.293
    • Spratt, D.I.1    Frohnauer, M.2    Cyr-Alves, H.3
  • 58
    • 41949107829 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Acute effects of triiodothyronine (T3) replacement therapy in patients with chronic heart failure and low-T3 syndrome: A randomized, placebo-controlled study
    • Pingitore A, Galli E, Barison A, et al. Acute effects of triiodothyronine (T3) replacement therapy in patients with chronic heart failure and low-T3 syndrome: a randomized, placebo-controlled study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008; 93: 1351-1358
    • (2008) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.93 , pp. 1351-1358
    • Pingitore, A.1    Galli, E.2    Barison, A.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.