The association of cardiorespiratory fitness and physical activity with incidence of hypertension in men

American Journal of Hypertension

Volumn 22, Issue 4, 2009, Pages 417-424

  Chase, Nancy L ^a   Sui, Xuemei ^a   Lee, Duck Chul ^a   Blair, Steven N ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH CAROLINA   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ADULT; AGED; ALCOHOL CONSUMPTION; ARTICLE; BODY MASS; HEALTH STATUS; HEALTH SURVEY; HUMAN; HYPERTENSION; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; PHYSICAL ACTIVITY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; SELF REPORT; SMOKING; SYSTOLIC BLOOD PRESSURE; TREADMILL EXERCISE;

ADULT; AGED; AGED, 80 AND OVER; EXERCISE; EXERCISE TEST; HUMANS; HYPERTENSION; INCIDENCE; LONGITUDINAL STUDIES; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; MOTOR ACTIVITY; PHYSICAL FITNESS; PROSPECTIVE STUDIES; SOUTH CAROLINA;

EID: 62849127340     PISSN: 08957061     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1038/ajh.2009.6     Document Type: Article

References (43)

1. Vasan RS, Larson MG, Leip EP, Evans JC, O'Donnell CJ, Kannel WB, Levy D. Impact of high-normal blood pressure on the risk of cardiovascular disease. N Engl J Med 2001; 345:1291-1297.
2. Mason PJ, Manson JE, Sesso HD, Albert CM, Chown MJ, Cook NR, Greenland P, Ridker PM, Glynn RJ. Blood pressure and risk of secondary cardiovascular events in women: the Women's Antioxidant Cardiovascular Study (WACS). Circulation 2004; 109:1623-1629.
3. Svetkey LP, Harsha DW, Vollmer WM, Stevens VJ, Obarzanek E, Elmer PJ, Lin PH, Champagne C, Simons-Morton DG, Aickin M, Proschan MA, Appel LJ. Premier: a clinical trial of comprehensive lifestyle modification for blood pressure control: rationale, design and baseline characteristics. Ann Epidemiol 2003; 13:462-471.
4. Chobanian AV, Bakris GL, Black HR, Cushman WC, Green LA, Izzo JL Jr, Jones DW, Materson BJ, Oparil S, Wright JT Jr, Roccella EJ; National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Joint National Committee on Prevention Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure; National High Blood Pressure Education Program Coordinating Committee. The Seventh Report of the Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure: the JNC 7 report. JAMA 2003; 289:2560-2572.
5. Haapanen N, Miilunpalo S, Vuori I, Oja P, Pasanen M. Association of leisure time physical activity with the risk of coronary heart disease, hypertension and diabetes in middle-aged men and women. Int J Epidemiol 1997; 26:739-747.
6. Hayashi T, Tsumura K, Suematsu C, Okada K, Fujii S, Endo G. Walking to work and the risk for hypertension in men: the Osaka Health Survey. Ann Intern Med 1999; 131:21-26.
7. Hu G, Barengo NC, Tuomilehto J, Lakka TA, Nissinen A, Jousilahti P. Relationship of physical activity and body mass index to the risk of hypertension: a prospective study in Finland. Hypertension 2004; 43:25-30.
8. Paffenbarger RS Jr, Lee IM. Intensity of physical activity related to incidence of hypertension and all-cause mortality: an epidemiological view. Blood Press Monit 1997; 2:115-123.
9. Paffenbarger RS Jr, Wing AL, Hyde RT, Jung DL. Physical activity and incidence of hypertension in college alumni. Am J Epidemiol 1983; 117:245-257.
10. Pereira MA, Folsom AR, McGovern PG, Carpenter M, Arnett DK, Liao D, Szklo M, Hutchinson RG. Physical activity and incident hypertension in black and white adults: the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study. Prev Med 1999; 28:304-312.
11. Paffenbarger RS Jr, Jung DL, Leung RW, Hyde RT. Physical activity and hypertension: an epidemiological view. Ann Med 1991; 23:319-327.
12. Tudor-Locke CE, Myers AM. Challenges and opportunities for measuring physical activity in sedentary adults. Sports Med 2001; 31:91-100.
13. LaPorte RE, Montoye HJ, Caspersen CJ. Assessment of physical activity in epidemiologic research: problems and prospects. Public Health Rep 1985; 100:131-146.
14. Shephard RJ. Limits to the measurement of habitual physical activity by questionnaires. Br J Sports Med 2003; 37:197-206.
15. Aadahl M, Kjaer M, Kristensen JH, Mollerup B, Jorgensen T. Self-reported physical activity compared with maximal oxygen uptake in adults. Eur J Cardiovasc Prev Rehabil 2007; 14:422-428.
16. American College of Sports Medicine Position Stand. The recommended quantity and quality of exercise for developing and maintaining cardiorespiratory and muscular fitness, and flexibility in healthy adults. Med Sci Sports Exerc 1998; 30:975-991.
17. Blair SN, Goodyear NN, Gibbons LW, Cooper KH. Physical fitness and incidence of hypertension in healthy normotensive men and women. JAMA 1984; 252:487-490.
18. Barlow CE, LaMonte MJ, FitzGerald SJ, Kampert JB, Perrin JL, Blair SN. Cardiorespiratory fitness is an independent predictor of hypertension incidence among initially normotensive healthy women. Am J Epidemiol 2006; 163:142-150.
19. Williams PT. Vigorous exercise, fitness and incident hypertension, high cholesterol, and diabetes. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2008; 40:998-1006.
20. Sawada S, Tanaka H, Funakoshi M, Shindo M, Kono S, Ishiko T. Five year prospective study on blood pressure and maximal oxygen uptake. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 1993; 20:483-487.
21. Haskell WL, Leon AS, Caspersen CJ, Froelicher VF, Hagberg JM, Harlan W, Holloszy JO, Regensteiner JG, Thompson PD, Washburn RA. Cardiovascular benefits and assessment of physical activity and physical fitness in adults. Med Sci Sports Exerc 1992; 24(Suppl 6):S201-S220.
22. Blair SN, Kohl HW III, Paffenbarger RS Jr, Clark DG, Cooper KH, Gibbons LW. Physical fitness and all-cause mortality: a prospective study of healthy men and women. JAMA 1989; 262:2395-2401.
23. Blair SN, Kampert JB, Kohl HW III, Barlow CE, Macera CA, Paffenbarger RS Jr, Gibbons LW. Influences of cardiorespiratory fitness and other precursors on cardiovascular disease and all-cause mortality in men and women. JAMA 1996; 276:205-210.
24. Pickering TG, Hall JE, Appel LJ, Falkner BE, Graves J, Hill MN, Jones DW, Kurtz T, Sheps SG, Roccella EJ. Recommendations for blood pressure measurement in humans and experimental animals: Part 1: blood pressure measurement in humans: a statement for professionals from the Subcommittee of Professional and Public Education of the American Heart Association Council on High Blood Pressure Research. Hypertension 2005; 45:142-161.
25. Hootman JM, Macera CA, Ainsworth BE, Martin M, Addy CL, Blair SN. Association among physical activity level, cardiorespiratory fitness, and risk of musculoskeletal injury. Am J Epidemiol 2001; 154:251-258.
26. Hootman JM, Macera CA, Ainsworth BE, Addy CL, Martin M, Blair SN. Epidemiology of musculoskeletal injuries among sedentary and physically active adults. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2002; 34:838-844.
27. Balke B, Ware RW. An experimental study of physical fitness of Air Force personnel. US Armed Forces Med J 1959; 10:675-688.
28. Pollock ML, Bohannon RL, Cooper KH, Ayres JJ, Ward A, White SR, Linnerud AC. A comparative analysis of four protocols for maximal treadmill stress testing. Am Heart J 1976; 92:39-46.
29. American College of Sports Medicine. ACSM's Guidelines for Exercise Testing and Prescription, 6th edn. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins: Philadelphia, PA, 2000.
30. Macera CA, Jackson KL, Davis DR, Kronenfeld JJ, Blair SN. Patterns of non-response to a mail survey. J Clin Epidemiol 1990; 43:127-1430.
31. Sui X, LaMonte MJ, Blair SN. Cardiorespiratory fitness and risk of nonfatal cardiovascular disease in women and men with hypertension. Am J Hypertens 2007; 20:608-615.
32. Huang Z, Willett WC, Manson JE, Rosner B, Stampfer MJ, Speizer FE, Colditz GA. Body weight, weight change, and risk for hypertension in women. Ann Intern Med 1998; 128:81-88.
33. Gelber RP, Gaziano JM, Manson JE, Buring JE, Sesso HD. A prospective study of body mass index and the risk of developing hypertension in men. Am J Hypertens 2007; 20:370-377.
34. Folsom AR, Prineas RJ, Kaye SA, Munger RG. Incidence of hypertension and stroke in relation to body fat distribution and other risk factors in older women. Stroke 1990; 21:701-706.
35. Carnethon MR, Gidding SS, Nehgme R, Sidney S, Jacobs DR Jr, Liu K. Cardiorespiratory fitness in young adulthood and the development of cardiovascular disease risk factors. JAMA 2003; 290:3092-3100.
36. Meredith IT, Friberg P, Jennings GL, Dewar EM, Fazio VA, Lambert GW, Esler MD. Exercise training lowers resting renal but not cardiac sympathetic activity in humans. Hypertension 1991; 18:575-582.
37. Pescatello LS, Franklin BA, Fagard R, Farquhar WB, Kelley GA, Ray CA; American College of Sports Medicine. American College of Sports Medicine position stand. Exercise and hypertension. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2004; 36:533-553.
38. Higashi Y, Sasaki S, Kurisu S, Yoshimizu A, Sasaki N, Matsuura H, Kajiyama G, Oshima T. Regular aerobic exercise augments endothelium-dependent vascular relaxation in normotensive as well as hypertensive subjects: role of endothelium-derived nitric oxide. Circulation 1999; 100:1194-1202.
39. Kingwell BA. Nitric oxide-mediated metabolic regulation during exercise: effects of training in health and cardiovascular disease. FASEB J 2000; 14:1685-1696.
40. Foy CG, Foley KL, D'Agostino RB Jr, Goff DC Jr, Mayer-Davis E, Wagenknecht LE. Physical activity, insulin sensitivity, and hypertension among US adults: findings from the Insulin Resistance Atherosclerosis Study. Am J Epidemiol 2006; 163:921-928.
41. Perseghin G, Price TB, Petersen KF, Roden M, Cline GW, Gerow K, Rothman DL, Shulman GI. Increased glucose transport-phosphorylation and muscle glycogen synthesis after exercise training in insulin-resistant subjects. N Engl J Med 1996; 335:1357-1362.
42. Fang J, Wylie-Rosett J, Alderman MH. Exercise and cardiovascular outcomes by hypertensive status: NHANES I epidemiological follow-up study, 1971-1992. Am J Hypertens 2005; 18:751-758.
43. Thompson PD, Buchner D, Pina IL, Balady GJ, Williams MA, Marcus BH, Berra K, Blair SN, Costa F, Franklin B, Fletcher GF, Gordon NF, Pate RR, Rodriguez BL, Yancey AK, Wenger NK. Exercise and physical activity in the prevention and treatment of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease: a statement from the council on clinical cardiology (subcommittee on exercise, rehabilitation, and prevention) and the council on nutrition, physical activity, and metabolism (subcommittee on physical activity). Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2003; 23:E42-E49.