메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 38, Issue 2, 2009, Pages 373-388

Thyroid-Associated Orbitopathy: Who and How to Treat

Author keywords

Graves' disease; Ophthalmopathy; Orbitopathy; Thyroid

Indexed keywords

METHYLPREDNISOLONE; PREDNISOLONE; STEROID;

EID: 62749130574     PISSN: 08898529     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.ecl.2009.01.004     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (25)

References (79)
  • 1
    • 0029009359 scopus 로고
    • Diagnostic criteria for Graves' ophthalmopathy
    • Bartley G.B., and Gorman C.A. Diagnostic criteria for Graves' ophthalmopathy. Am J Ophthalmol 119 6 (1995) 792-795
    • (1995) Am J Ophthalmol , vol.119 , Issue.6 , pp. 792-795
    • Bartley, G.B.1    Gorman, C.A.2
  • 2
    • 0034845391 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Controversies in the clinical evaluation of active thyroid-associated orbitopathy: use of detailed protocol with comparative photographs for objective assessment
    • Dickinson A.J., and Perros P. Controversies in the clinical evaluation of active thyroid-associated orbitopathy: use of detailed protocol with comparative photographs for objective assessment. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 55 3 (2001) 283-303
    • (2001) Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) , vol.55 , Issue.3 , pp. 283-303
    • Dickinson, A.J.1    Perros, P.2
  • 3
    • 2542456395 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prevalence of asymmetric exophthalmos in Graves orbitopathy
    • Soroudi A.E., Goldberg R.A., and McCann J.D. Prevalence of asymmetric exophthalmos in Graves orbitopathy. Ophthal Plast Reconstr Surg 20 3 (2004) 224-225
    • (2004) Ophthal Plast Reconstr Surg , vol.20 , Issue.3 , pp. 224-225
    • Soroudi, A.E.1    Goldberg, R.A.2    McCann, J.D.3
  • 4
    • 84872216947 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Atypical manifestations
    • Wiersinga W.M., and Kahaly G.J. (Eds), S Karger AG, Basel (Switzerland)
    • Von Arx G. Atypical manifestations. In: Wiersinga W.M., and Kahaly G.J. (Eds). Graves' orbitopathy: a multidisciplinary approach (2007), S Karger AG, Basel (Switzerland) 212-220
    • (2007) Graves' orbitopathy: a multidisciplinary approach , pp. 212-220
    • Von Arx, G.1
  • 5
    • 0001291642 scopus 로고
    • Development and course of exophthalmos and ophthalmoplegia in Graves' disease with special reference to the effect of thyroidectomy
    • Rundle F.F., and Wilson C.W. Development and course of exophthalmos and ophthalmoplegia in Graves' disease with special reference to the effect of thyroidectomy. Clin Sci 5 (1944) 177-194
    • (1944) Clin Sci , vol.5 , pp. 177-194
    • Rundle, F.F.1    Wilson, C.W.2
  • 6
    • 0031745761 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Natural history of thyroid eye disease
    • Perros P., and Kendall-Taylor P. Natural history of thyroid eye disease. Thyroid 8 5 (1998) 423-425
    • (1998) Thyroid , vol.8 , Issue.5 , pp. 423-425
    • Perros, P.1    Kendall-Taylor, P.2
  • 7
    • 0024406924 scopus 로고
    • Clinical criteria for the assessment of disease activity in Graves' ophthalmopathy: a novel approach
    • Mourits M.P., Koornneef L., Wiersinga W.M., et al. Clinical criteria for the assessment of disease activity in Graves' ophthalmopathy: a novel approach. Br J Ophthalmol 73 8 (1989) 639-644
    • (1989) Br J Ophthalmol , vol.73 , Issue.8 , pp. 639-644
    • Mourits, M.P.1    Koornneef, L.2    Wiersinga, W.M.3
  • 8
    • 0002413183 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Assessment of disease activity of Graves' ophthalmopathy
    • Prummel M.F. (Ed), Kluwer Academic Publishers, London
    • Prummel M.F., Wiersinga W.M., and Mourits M.P. Assessment of disease activity of Graves' ophthalmopathy. In: Prummel M.F. (Ed). Recent developments in Graves' ophthalmopathy (2000), Kluwer Academic Publishers, London 59-80
    • (2000) Recent developments in Graves' ophthalmopathy , pp. 59-80
    • Prummel, M.F.1    Wiersinga, W.M.2    Mourits, M.P.3
  • 9
    • 0027396690 scopus 로고
    • The initial clinical characteristics of Graves' orbitopathy vary with age and sex
    • Kendler D.L., Lippa J., and Rootman J. The initial clinical characteristics of Graves' orbitopathy vary with age and sex. Arch Ophthalmol 111 2 (1993) 197-201
    • (1993) Arch Ophthalmol , vol.111 , Issue.2 , pp. 197-201
    • Kendler, D.L.1    Lippa, J.2    Rootman, J.3
  • 10
    • 0029868358 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical features of Graves' ophthalmopathy in an incidence cohort
    • Bartley G.B., Fatourechi V., Kadrmas E.F., et al. Clinical features of Graves' ophthalmopathy in an incidence cohort. Am J Ophthalmol 121 3 (1996) 284-290
    • (1996) Am J Ophthalmol , vol.121 , Issue.3 , pp. 284-290
    • Bartley, G.B.1    Fatourechi, V.2    Kadrmas, E.F.3
  • 11
    • 0029065911 scopus 로고
    • Does decompression diminish the discomfort of severe dysthyroid orbitopathy?
    • Khan J.A., Doane J.F., and Whitacre M.M. Does decompression diminish the discomfort of severe dysthyroid orbitopathy?. Ophthal Plast Reconstr Surg 11 2 (1995) 109-112
    • (1995) Ophthal Plast Reconstr Surg , vol.11 , Issue.2 , pp. 109-112
    • Khan, J.A.1    Doane, J.F.2    Whitacre, M.M.3
  • 12
    • 33749056581 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical assessment of patients with Graves' orbitopathy: the European Group on Graves' Orbitopathy recommendations to generalists, specialists and clinical researchers
    • Wiersinga W.M., Perros P., Kahaly G.J., et al. Clinical assessment of patients with Graves' orbitopathy: the European Group on Graves' Orbitopathy recommendations to generalists, specialists and clinical researchers. Eur J Endocrinol 155 3 (2006) 387-389
    • (2006) Eur J Endocrinol , vol.155 , Issue.3 , pp. 387-389
    • Wiersinga, W.M.1    Perros, P.2    Kahaly, G.J.3
  • 13
    • 34247180029 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical features of dysthyroid optic neuropathy: a European Group on Graves' Orbitopathy (EUGOGO) survey
    • McKeag D., Lane C.M., Lazarus J.H., et al. Clinical features of dysthyroid optic neuropathy: a European Group on Graves' Orbitopathy (EUGOGO) survey. Br J Ophthalmol 91 4 (2007) 455-458
    • (2007) Br J Ophthalmol , vol.91 , Issue.4 , pp. 455-458
    • McKeag, D.1    Lane, C.M.2    Lazarus, J.H.3
  • 14
    • 0031726097 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The use of colour slides in the assessment of changes in soft-tissue involvement in Graves' ophthalmopathy
    • Gerding M.N., Prummel M.F., Kalmann R., et al. The use of colour slides in the assessment of changes in soft-tissue involvement in Graves' ophthalmopathy. J Endocrinol Invest 21 7 (1998) 459-462
    • (1998) J Endocrinol Invest , vol.21 , Issue.7 , pp. 459-462
    • Gerding, M.N.1    Prummel, M.F.2    Kalmann, R.3
  • 15
    • 62749148402 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Available at:
    • Available at:. www.eugogo.org
  • 16
    • 0030872679 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical activity score as a guide in the management of patients with Graves' ophthalmopathy
    • Mourits M.P., Prummel M.F., Wiersinga W.M., et al. Clinical activity score as a guide in the management of patients with Graves' ophthalmopathy. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 47 1 (1997) 9-14
    • (1997) Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) , vol.47 , Issue.1 , pp. 9-14
    • Mourits, M.P.1    Prummel, M.F.2    Wiersinga, W.M.3
  • 17
    • 13444250083 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Measuring disease activity to predict therapeutic outcome in Graves' ophthalmopathy
    • Terwee C.B., Prummel M.F., Gerding M.N., et al. Measuring disease activity to predict therapeutic outcome in Graves' ophthalmopathy. Clin Endocrinol 62 (2005) 145-155
    • (2005) Clin Endocrinol , vol.62 , pp. 145-155
    • Terwee, C.B.1    Prummel, M.F.2    Gerding, M.N.3
  • 18
    • 40949140917 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Consensus statement of the European Group on Graves' orbitopathy (EUGOGO) on management of GO
    • European Group on Graves' Orbitopathy (EUGOGO)
    • Bartalena L., Baldeschi L., Dickinson A., et al., European Group on Graves' Orbitopathy (EUGOGO). Consensus statement of the European Group on Graves' orbitopathy (EUGOGO) on management of GO. Eur J Endocrinol 158 3 (2008) 273-285
    • (2008) Eur J Endocrinol , vol.158 , Issue.3 , pp. 273-285
    • Bartalena, L.1    Baldeschi, L.2    Dickinson, A.3
  • 19
    • 0023578492 scopus 로고
    • Choice of therapy and criteria for assessing treatment outcome in thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy
    • Bahn R.S., and Gorman C.A. Choice of therapy and criteria for assessing treatment outcome in thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy. Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am 16 2 (1987) 391-407
    • (1987) Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am , vol.16 , Issue.2 , pp. 391-407
    • Bahn, R.S.1    Gorman, C.A.2
  • 20
    • 62749195320 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical manifestations
    • Wiersinga W.M., and Kahaly G.J. (Eds), S Karger AG, Basel (Switzerland)
    • Dickinson A.J. Clinical manifestations. In: Wiersinga W.M., and Kahaly G.J. (Eds). Graves' orbitopathy: a multidisciplinary approach (2007), S Karger AG, Basel (Switzerland) 1-26
    • (2007) Graves' orbitopathy: a multidisciplinary approach , pp. 1-26
    • Dickinson, A.J.1
  • 21
    • 34547769717 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Psychological implications of Graves' orbitopathy
    • Coulter I., Frewin S., Krassas G.E., et al. Psychological implications of Graves' orbitopathy. Eur J Endocrinol 157 2 (2007) 127-131
    • (2007) Eur J Endocrinol , vol.157 , Issue.2 , pp. 127-131
    • Coulter, I.1    Frewin, S.2    Krassas, G.E.3
  • 22
    • 34548534955 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cigarette smoking and thyroid eye disease: a systematic review
    • Thornton J., Kelly S.P., Harrison R.A., et al. Cigarette smoking and thyroid eye disease: a systematic review. Eye 21 9 (2007) 1135-1145
    • (2007) Eye , vol.21 , Issue.9 , pp. 1135-1145
    • Thornton, J.1    Kelly, S.P.2    Harrison, R.A.3
  • 23
    • 0024800286 scopus 로고
    • Amelioration of eye changes of Graves' ophthalmopathy by achieving euthyroidism
    • Prummel M.F., Wiersinga W.M., Mourits M.P., et al. Amelioration of eye changes of Graves' ophthalmopathy by achieving euthyroidism. Acta Endocrinol (Copenh) 121 Suppl 2 (1989) 185-189
    • (1989) Acta Endocrinol (Copenh) , vol.121 , Issue.SUPPL. 2 , pp. 185-189
    • Prummel, M.F.1    Wiersinga, W.M.2    Mourits, M.P.3
  • 24
    • 0025253140 scopus 로고
    • Effect of abnormal thyroid function on the severity of Graves' ophthalmopathy
    • Prummel M.F., Wiersinga W.M., Mourits M.P., et al. Effect of abnormal thyroid function on the severity of Graves' ophthalmopathy. Arch Intern Med 150 5 (1990) 1098-1101
    • (1990) Arch Intern Med , vol.150 , Issue.5 , pp. 1098-1101
    • Prummel, M.F.1    Wiersinga, W.M.2    Mourits, M.P.3
  • 25
    • 0028339639 scopus 로고
    • Does early administration of thyroxine reduce the development of Graves' ophthalmopathy after radioiodine therapy?
    • Tallstedt L., Lundell G., Blomgren H., et al. Does early administration of thyroxine reduce the development of Graves' ophthalmopathy after radioiodine therapy?. Eur J Endocrinol 130 5 (1990) 494-497
    • (1990) Eur J Endocrinol , vol.130 , Issue.5 , pp. 494-497
    • Tallstedt, L.1    Lundell, G.2    Blomgren, H.3
  • 26
    • 0032495543 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Relation between therapy for hyperthyroidism and the course of Graves' ophthalmopathy
    • Bartalena L., Marcocci C., Bogazzi F., et al. Relation between therapy for hyperthyroidism and the course of Graves' ophthalmopathy. N Engl J Med 338 2 (1998) 73-78
    • (1998) N Engl J Med , vol.338 , Issue.2 , pp. 73-78
    • Bartalena, L.1    Marcocci, C.2    Bogazzi, F.3
  • 27
    • 24344459856 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A prospective study of the effects of radioiodine therapy for hyperthyroidism in patients with minimally active Graves' ophthalmopathy
    • Perros P., Kendall-Taylor P., Neoh C., et al. A prospective study of the effects of radioiodine therapy for hyperthyroidism in patients with minimally active Graves' ophthalmopathy. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 90 9 (2005) 5321-5323
    • (2005) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.90 , Issue.9 , pp. 5321-5323
    • Perros, P.1    Kendall-Taylor, P.2    Neoh, C.3
  • 28
    • 0036099862 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Treatment of upper eyelid retraction associated with thyroid eye disease with subconjunctival botulinum toxin injection
    • Uddin J.M., and Davies P.D. Treatment of upper eyelid retraction associated with thyroid eye disease with subconjunctival botulinum toxin injection. Ophthalmology 109 6 (2002) 1183-1187
    • (2002) Ophthalmology , vol.109 , Issue.6 , pp. 1183-1187
    • Uddin, J.M.1    Davies, P.D.2
  • 29
    • 0037375954 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Botulinum A toxin injection for restrictive myopathy of thyroid-related orbitopathy: effects on intraocular pressure
    • Kikkawa D.O., Cruz Jr. R.C., Christian W.K., et al. Botulinum A toxin injection for restrictive myopathy of thyroid-related orbitopathy: effects on intraocular pressure. Am J Ophthalmol 135 4 (2003) 427-431
    • (2003) Am J Ophthalmol , vol.135 , Issue.4 , pp. 427-431
    • Kikkawa, D.O.1    Cruz Jr., R.C.2    Christian, W.K.3
  • 30
    • 1542677818 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Glucocorticoids in the medical management of Graves' ophthalmopathy
    • Hart R.H., and Perros P. Glucocorticoids in the medical management of Graves' ophthalmopathy. Minerva Endocrinol 28 3 (2003) 223-231
    • (2003) Minerva Endocrinol , vol.28 , Issue.3 , pp. 223-231
    • Hart, R.H.1    Perros, P.2
  • 31
    • 17944370142 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of the effectiveness and tolerability of intravenous or oral glucocorticoids associated with orbital radiotherapy in the management of severe Graves' ophthalmopathy: results of a prospective, single-blind, randomized study
    • Marcocci C., Bartalena L., Tanda M.L., et al. Comparison of the effectiveness and tolerability of intravenous or oral glucocorticoids associated with orbital radiotherapy in the management of severe Graves' ophthalmopathy: results of a prospective, single-blind, randomized study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 86 8 (2001) 3562-3567
    • (2001) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.86 , Issue.8 , pp. 3562-3567
    • Marcocci, C.1    Bartalena, L.2    Tanda, M.L.3
  • 32
    • 24344492353 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Randomized, single-blind trial of intravenous versus oral steroid monotherapy in Graves' orbitopathy
    • Kahaly G.J., Pitz S., Hommel G., et al. Randomized, single-blind trial of intravenous versus oral steroid monotherapy in Graves' orbitopathy. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 90 90 (2005) 5234-5240
    • (2005) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.90 , Issue.90 , pp. 5234-5240
    • Kahaly, G.J.1    Pitz, S.2    Hommel, G.3
  • 33
    • 23944478476 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Early response to intravenous glucocorticoids for severe thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy predicts treatment outcome
    • Hart R.H., Kendall-Taylor P., Crombie A., et al. Early response to intravenous glucocorticoids for severe thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy predicts treatment outcome. J Ocul Pharmacol Ther 21 4 (2005) 328-336
    • (2005) J Ocul Pharmacol Ther , vol.21 , Issue.4 , pp. 328-336
    • Hart, R.H.1    Kendall-Taylor, P.2    Crombie, A.3
  • 34
    • 2942614927 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Acute and severe liver damage associated with intravenous glucocorticoid pulse therapy in patients with Graves' ophthalmopathy
    • Marinò M., Morabito E., Brunetto M.R., et al. Acute and severe liver damage associated with intravenous glucocorticoid pulse therapy in patients with Graves' ophthalmopathy. Thyroid 14 5 (2004) 403-406
    • (2004) Thyroid , vol.14 , Issue.5 , pp. 403-406
    • Marinò, M.1    Morabito, E.2    Brunetto, M.R.3
  • 35
    • 34248657570 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Determinants of liver damage associated with intravenous methylprednisolone pulse therapy in Graves' ophthalmopathy
    • Le Moli R., Baldeschi L., Saeed P., et al. Determinants of liver damage associated with intravenous methylprednisolone pulse therapy in Graves' ophthalmopathy. Thyroid 17 4 (2007) 357-362
    • (2007) Thyroid , vol.17 , Issue.4 , pp. 357-362
    • Le Moli, R.1    Baldeschi, L.2    Saeed, P.3
  • 36
    • 0022980430 scopus 로고
    • Ciclosporin and prednisone vs. prednisone in treatment of Graves' ophthalmopathy: a controlled, randomized and prospective study
    • Kahaly G., Schrezenmeir J., Krause U., et al. Ciclosporin and prednisone vs. prednisone in treatment of Graves' ophthalmopathy: a controlled, randomized and prospective study. Eur J Clin Invest 16 5 (1986) 415-422
    • (1986) Eur J Clin Invest , vol.16 , Issue.5 , pp. 415-422
    • Kahaly, G.1    Schrezenmeir, J.2    Krause, U.3
  • 37
    • 0024468387 scopus 로고
    • Prednisone and cyclosporine in the treatment of severe Graves' ophthalmopathy
    • Prummel M.F., Mourits M.P., Berghout A., et al. Prednisone and cyclosporine in the treatment of severe Graves' ophthalmopathy. N Engl J Med 321 20 (1989) 1353-1359
    • (1989) N Engl J Med , vol.321 , Issue.20 , pp. 1353-1359
    • Prummel, M.F.1    Mourits, M.P.2    Berghout, A.3
  • 38
    • 34247463362 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Management of Graves' ophthalmopathy
    • Wiersinga W.M. Management of Graves' ophthalmopathy. Nat Clin Pract Endocrinol Metab 3 5 (2007) 396-404
    • (2007) Nat Clin Pract Endocrinol Metab , vol.3 , Issue.5 , pp. 396-404
    • Wiersinga, W.M.1
  • 39
    • 0034728880 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Radiotherapy for Graves' orbitopathy: randomised placebo-controlled study
    • Mourits M.P., van Kempen-Harteveld M.L., Garcia M.B., et al. Radiotherapy for Graves' orbitopathy: randomised placebo-controlled study. Lancet 355 9214 (2000) 1505-1509
    • (2000) Lancet , vol.355 , Issue.9214 , pp. 1505-1509
    • Mourits, M.P.1    van Kempen-Harteveld, M.L.2    Garcia, M.B.3
  • 40
    • 0842291523 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A randomized controlled trial of orbital radiotherapy versus sham irradiation in patients with mild Graves' ophthalmopathy
    • Prummel M.F., Terwee C.B., Gerding M.N., et al. A randomized controlled trial of orbital radiotherapy versus sham irradiation in patients with mild Graves' ophthalmopathy. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 89 1 (2004) 15-20
    • (2004) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.89 , Issue.1 , pp. 15-20
    • Prummel, M.F.1    Terwee, C.B.2    Gerding, M.N.3
  • 41
    • 0034862613 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of orbital radiotherapy for Graves' orbitopathy
    • Gorman C.A., Garrity J.A., Fatourechi V., et al. A prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of orbital radiotherapy for Graves' orbitopathy. Ophthalmology 108 9 (2001) 1523-1534
    • (2001) Ophthalmology , vol.108 , Issue.9 , pp. 1523-1534
    • Gorman, C.A.1    Garrity, J.A.2    Fatourechi, V.3
  • 42
    • 0020620508 scopus 로고
    • Orbital cobalt irradiation combined with systemic corticosteroids for Graves' ophthalmopathy: comparison with systemic corticosteroids alone
    • Bartalena L., Marcocci C., Chiovato L., et al. Orbital cobalt irradiation combined with systemic corticosteroids for Graves' ophthalmopathy: comparison with systemic corticosteroids alone. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 56 6 (1983) 1139-1144
    • (1983) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.56 , Issue.6 , pp. 1139-1144
    • Bartalena, L.1    Marcocci, C.2    Chiovato, L.3
  • 43
    • 0026337841 scopus 로고
    • Orbital radiotherapy combined with high-dose systemic glucocorticoids for Graves' ophthalmopathy is more effective than orbital radiotherapy alone: results of a prospective study
    • Marcocci C., Bartalena L., Bogazzi F., et al. Orbital radiotherapy combined with high-dose systemic glucocorticoids for Graves' ophthalmopathy is more effective than orbital radiotherapy alone: results of a prospective study. J Endocrinol Invest 14 10 (1991) 853-860
    • (1991) J Endocrinol Invest , vol.14 , Issue.10 , pp. 853-860
    • Marcocci, C.1    Bartalena, L.2    Bogazzi, F.3
  • 44
    • 33745661418 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pathogenesis of Graves ophthalmopathy: implications for prediction, prevention, and treatment
    • Garrity J.A., and Bahn R.S. Pathogenesis of Graves ophthalmopathy: implications for prediction, prevention, and treatment. Am J Ophthalmol 142 1 (2006) 147-153
    • (2006) Am J Ophthalmol , vol.142 , Issue.1 , pp. 147-153
    • Garrity, J.A.1    Bahn, R.S.2
  • 45
    • 31444438956 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effect of etanercept on Graves' ophthalmopathy: a pilot study
    • Paridaens D., van den Bosch W.A., van der Loos T.L., et al. The effect of etanercept on Graves' ophthalmopathy: a pilot study. Eye 19 12 (2005) 1286-1289
    • (2005) Eye , vol.19 , Issue.12 , pp. 1286-1289
    • Paridaens, D.1    van den Bosch, W.A.2    van der Loos, T.L.3
  • 46
    • 33847727902 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Treatment of Graves' disease and associated ophthalmopathy with the anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody rituximab: an open study
    • Salvi M., Vannucchi G., Campi I., et al. Treatment of Graves' disease and associated ophthalmopathy with the anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody rituximab: an open study. Eur J Endocrinol 156 1 (2007) 33-40
    • (2007) Eur J Endocrinol , vol.156 , Issue.1 , pp. 33-40
    • Salvi, M.1    Vannucchi, G.2    Campi, I.3
  • 47
    • 24144445600 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Surgical or medical decompression as a first-line treatment of optic neuropathy in Graves' ophthalmopathy? A randomized controlled trial
    • Wakelkamp I.M., Baldeschi L., Saeed P., et al. Surgical or medical decompression as a first-line treatment of optic neuropathy in Graves' ophthalmopathy? A randomized controlled trial. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 63 3 (2005) 323-328
    • (2005) Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) , vol.63 , Issue.3 , pp. 323-328
    • Wakelkamp, I.M.1    Baldeschi, L.2    Saeed, P.3
  • 48
    • 16844364808 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Psychological disturbance in Graves ophthalmopathy
    • Farid M., Roch-Levecq A.C., Levi L., et al. Psychological disturbance in Graves ophthalmopathy. Arch Ophthalmol 123 4 (2005) 491-496
    • (2005) Arch Ophthalmol , vol.123 , Issue.4 , pp. 491-496
    • Farid, M.1    Roch-Levecq, A.C.2    Levi, L.3
  • 49
    • 3142596500 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Disease-specific assessment of quality of life after decompression surgery for Graves' ophthalmopathy
    • Tehrani M., Krummenauer F., Mann W.J., et al. Disease-specific assessment of quality of life after decompression surgery for Graves' ophthalmopathy. Eur J Ophthalmol 14 3 (2004) 193-199
    • (2004) Eur J Ophthalmol , vol.14 , Issue.3 , pp. 193-199
    • Tehrani, M.1    Krummenauer, F.2    Mann, W.J.3
  • 50
    • 34547869191 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Strabismus associated with thyroid eye disease
    • Schotthoefer E.O., and Wallace D.K. Strabismus associated with thyroid eye disease. Curr Opin Ophthalmol 18 5 (2007) 361-365
    • (2007) Curr Opin Ophthalmol , vol.18 , Issue.5 , pp. 361-365
    • Schotthoefer, E.O.1    Wallace, D.K.2
  • 51
    • 33646164410 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Early versus late orbital decompression in Graves' orbitopathy: a retrospective study in 125 patients
    • Baldeschi L., Wakelkamp I.M., Lindeboom R., et al. Early versus late orbital decompression in Graves' orbitopathy: a retrospective study in 125 patients. Ophthalmology 113 5 (2006) 874-878
    • (2006) Ophthalmology , vol.113 , Issue.5 , pp. 874-878
    • Baldeschi, L.1    Wakelkamp, I.M.2    Lindeboom, R.3
  • 52
    • 18244366587 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Simultaneous orbital decompression and correction of upper eyelid retraction versus staged procedures in thyroid-related orbitopathy
    • Ben Simon G.J., Mansury A.M., Schwarcz R.M., et al. Simultaneous orbital decompression and correction of upper eyelid retraction versus staged procedures in thyroid-related orbitopathy. Ophthalmology 112 5 (2005) 923-932
    • (2005) Ophthalmology , vol.112 , Issue.5 , pp. 923-932
    • Ben Simon, G.J.1    Mansury, A.M.2    Schwarcz, R.M.3
  • 53
    • 36348963573 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Is orbital decompression a safe and effective treatment for Graves' orbitopathy?
    • Bahn R.S. Is orbital decompression a safe and effective treatment for Graves' orbitopathy?. Nat Clin Pract Endocrinol Metab 3 12 (2007) 796-797
    • (2007) Nat Clin Pract Endocrinol Metab , vol.3 , Issue.12 , pp. 796-797
    • Bahn, R.S.1
  • 54
    • 26844511429 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The removal of the deep lateral wall in orbital decompression: its contribution to exophthalmos reduction and influence on consecutive diplopia
    • Baldeschi L., MacAndie K., Hintschich C., et al. The removal of the deep lateral wall in orbital decompression: its contribution to exophthalmos reduction and influence on consecutive diplopia. Am J Ophthalmol 140 4 (2005) 642-647
    • (2005) Am J Ophthalmol , vol.140 , Issue.4 , pp. 642-647
    • Baldeschi, L.1    MacAndie, K.2    Hintschich, C.3
  • 55
    • 33646170564 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Medial wall decompression for optic neuropathy but lateral wall decompression with fat removal for non vision-threatening indications
    • McCann J.D., Goldberg R.A., Anderson R.L., et al. Medial wall decompression for optic neuropathy but lateral wall decompression with fat removal for non vision-threatening indications. Am J Ophthalmol 141 5 (2006) 916-917
    • (2006) Am J Ophthalmol , vol.141 , Issue.5 , pp. 916-917
    • McCann, J.D.1    Goldberg, R.A.2    Anderson, R.L.3
  • 56
    • 54349121173 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Orbital decompression
    • Wiersinga W.M., and Kahaly G.J. (Eds), S Karger AG, Basel (Switzerland)
    • Baldeschi L. Orbital decompression. In: Wiersinga W.M., and Kahaly G.J. (Eds). Graves' orbitopathy: a multidisciplinary approach (2007), S Karger AG, Basel (Switzerland) 163-175
    • (2007) Graves' orbitopathy: a multidisciplinary approach , pp. 163-175
    • Baldeschi, L.1
  • 57
    • 0036294238 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Graded orbital decompression based on severity of proptosis
    • Kikkawa D.O., Pornpanich K., Cruz Jr. R.C., et al. Graded orbital decompression based on severity of proptosis. Ophthalmology 109 7 (2002) 1219-1224
    • (2002) Ophthalmology , vol.109 , Issue.7 , pp. 1219-1224
    • Kikkawa, D.O.1    Pornpanich, K.2    Cruz Jr., R.C.3
  • 58
    • 33646247396 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Efficacy and side effects of 'swinging eyelid' orbital decompression in Graves' orbitopathy: a proposal for standardized evaluation of diplopia
    • Paridaens D., Lie A., Grootendorst R.J., et al. Efficacy and side effects of 'swinging eyelid' orbital decompression in Graves' orbitopathy: a proposal for standardized evaluation of diplopia. Eye 20 2 (2006) 154-162
    • (2006) Eye , vol.20 , Issue.2 , pp. 154-162
    • Paridaens, D.1    Lie, A.2    Grootendorst, R.J.3
  • 59
    • 0036151971 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rectus extraocular muscle paths and decompression surgery for Graves' orbitopathy: mechanism of motility disturbances
    • Abramoff M.D., Kalman R., de Graaf M.E.L., et al. Rectus extraocular muscle paths and decompression surgery for Graves' orbitopathy: mechanism of motility disturbances. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 43 2 (2002) 300-307
    • (2002) Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci , vol.43 , Issue.2 , pp. 300-307
    • Abramoff, M.D.1    Kalman, R.2    de Graaf, M.E.L.3
  • 60
    • 0034530473 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Strabismus after balanced medial plus lateral wall versus lateral wall only orbital decompression for dysthyroid orbitopathy
    • Goldberg R.A., Perry J.D., Hortaleza V., et al. Strabismus after balanced medial plus lateral wall versus lateral wall only orbital decompression for dysthyroid orbitopathy. Ophthal Plast Reconstr Surg 16 4 (2000) 271-277
    • (2000) Ophthal Plast Reconstr Surg , vol.16 , Issue.4 , pp. 271-277
    • Goldberg, R.A.1    Perry, J.D.2    Hortaleza, V.3
  • 61
    • 0037295312 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • "Balanced" orbital decompression for severe Graves' orbitopathy: technique with treatment algorithm
    • Kacker A., Kazim M., Murphy M., et al. "Balanced" orbital decompression for severe Graves' orbitopathy: technique with treatment algorithm. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 128 (2003) 228-235
    • (2003) Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg , vol.128 , pp. 228-235
    • Kacker, A.1    Kazim, M.2    Murphy, M.3
  • 62
    • 34250761341 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Transpalpebral decompression of endocrine ophthalmopathy by intraorbital fat removal (Olivari technique): experience and progression after more than 3000 operations over 20 years
    • Richter D.F., Stoff A., and Olivari N. Transpalpebral decompression of endocrine ophthalmopathy by intraorbital fat removal (Olivari technique): experience and progression after more than 3000 operations over 20 years. Plast Reconstr Surg 120 1 (2007) 109-123
    • (2007) Plast Reconstr Surg , vol.120 , Issue.1 , pp. 109-123
    • Richter, D.F.1    Stoff, A.2    Olivari, N.3
  • 63
    • 24144472940 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Is there a relationship between the degree of preoperative motility impairment or the muscle thickness and the outcome of strabismus surgery in patients with Graves' orbitopathy after decompression surgery?
    • Pitz S., Esch A., Müller-Forell W.S., et al. Is there a relationship between the degree of preoperative motility impairment or the muscle thickness and the outcome of strabismus surgery in patients with Graves' orbitopathy after decompression surgery?. Orbit 24 3 (2005) 173-176
    • (2005) Orbit , vol.24 , Issue.3 , pp. 173-176
    • Pitz, S.1    Esch, A.2    Müller-Forell, W.S.3
  • 64
    • 0025164020 scopus 로고
    • Extraocular muscle surgery for Graves' ophthalmopathy: does prior treatment influence surgical outcome?
    • Mourits M.P., Koornneef L., van Mourik-Noordenbos A.M., et al. Extraocular muscle surgery for Graves' ophthalmopathy: does prior treatment influence surgical outcome?. Br J Ophthalmol 74 8 (1990) 481-483
    • (1990) Br J Ophthalmol , vol.74 , Issue.8 , pp. 481-483
    • Mourits, M.P.1    Koornneef, L.2    van Mourik-Noordenbos, A.M.3
  • 65
    • 34247530444 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The characteristics and surgical outcomes of medial rectus recessions in Graves' ophthalmopathy
    • Mocan M.C., Ament C., and Azar N.F. The characteristics and surgical outcomes of medial rectus recessions in Graves' ophthalmopathy. J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus 44 2 (2007) 93-100
    • (2007) J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus , vol.44 , Issue.2 , pp. 93-100
    • Mocan, M.C.1    Ament, C.2    Azar, N.F.3
  • 66
    • 0033498333 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Early strabismus surgery for thyroid ophthalmopathy
    • Coats D., Paysee E., Plager D., et al. Early strabismus surgery for thyroid ophthalmopathy. Ophthalmology 106 2 (1999) 324-329
    • (1999) Ophthalmology , vol.106 , Issue.2 , pp. 324-329
    • Coats, D.1    Paysee, E.2    Plager, D.3
  • 67
    • 0036854816 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Early surgery for dysthyroid orbitomyopathy based on magnetic resonance imaging findings
    • Yolar M., Oguz V., Pazarli H., et al. Early surgery for dysthyroid orbitomyopathy based on magnetic resonance imaging findings. J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus 39 6 (2002) 336-339
    • (2002) J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus , vol.39 , Issue.6 , pp. 336-339
    • Yolar, M.1    Oguz, V.2    Pazarli, H.3
  • 68
    • 0026635264 scopus 로고
    • A surgical procedure to minimize lower-eyelid retraction with inferior rectus recession
    • Kushner B. A surgical procedure to minimize lower-eyelid retraction with inferior rectus recession. Arch Ophthalmol 110 7 (1992) 1011-1014
    • (1992) Arch Ophthalmol , vol.110 , Issue.7 , pp. 1011-1014
    • Kushner, B.1
  • 69
    • 0026646713 scopus 로고
    • Changes in eyelid position accompanying vertical rectus muscle surgery and prevention of lower lid retraction with adjustable suture
    • Pacheco M., Guyton D., and Repka M. Changes in eyelid position accompanying vertical rectus muscle surgery and prevention of lower lid retraction with adjustable suture. J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus 29 5 (1992) 265-272
    • (1992) J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus , vol.29 , Issue.5 , pp. 265-272
    • Pacheco, M.1    Guyton, D.2    Repka, M.3
  • 70
    • 31944444308 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A procedure to minimize lower lid retraction during large inferior rectus recession in Graves ophthalmopathy
    • Liao S., Shih M., and Lin A. A procedure to minimize lower lid retraction during large inferior rectus recession in Graves ophthalmopathy. Am J Ophthalmol 141 3 (2006) 340-345
    • (2006) Am J Ophthalmol , vol.141 , Issue.3 , pp. 340-345
    • Liao, S.1    Shih, M.2    Lin, A.3
  • 71
    • 54349124202 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Eyelid surgery
    • Wiersinga W.M., and Kahaly G.J. (Eds), S Karger AG, Basel (Switzerland)
    • Neoh C., and Eckstein A. Eyelid surgery. In: Wiersinga W.M., and Kahaly G.J. (Eds). Graves' orbitopathy: a multidisciplinary approach (2007), S Karger AG, Basel (Switzerland) 188-200
    • (2007) Graves' orbitopathy: a multidisciplinary approach , pp. 188-200
    • Neoh, C.1    Eckstein, A.2
  • 73
    • 0025776481 scopus 로고
    • Modified levator aponeurosis recession for upper eyelid retraction in Graves' disease
    • Harvey J.T., Corin S., Nixon D., et al. Modified levator aponeurosis recession for upper eyelid retraction in Graves' disease. Ophthalmic Surg 22 6 (1991) 313-317
    • (1991) Ophthalmic Surg , vol.22 , Issue.6 , pp. 313-317
    • Harvey, J.T.1    Corin, S.2    Nixon, D.3
  • 74
    • 2442745349 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A single technique to correct various degrees of upper lid retraction in patients with Graves' orbitopathy
    • Mourits M.P., and Sasim I.V. A single technique to correct various degrees of upper lid retraction in patients with Graves' orbitopathy. Br J Ophthalmol 83 1 (1999) 81-84
    • (1999) Br J Ophthalmol , vol.83 , Issue.1 , pp. 81-84
    • Mourits, M.P.1    Sasim, I.V.2
  • 75
    • 0025763949 scopus 로고
    • Lid lengthening by sclera interposition for eyelid retraction in Graves' ophthalmopathy
    • Mourits M.P., and Koornneef L. Lid lengthening by sclera interposition for eyelid retraction in Graves' ophthalmopathy. Br J Ophthalmol 75 6 (1991) 344-347
    • (1991) Br J Ophthalmol , vol.75 , Issue.6 , pp. 344-347
    • Mourits, M.P.1    Koornneef, L.2
  • 76
    • 0346724532 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Graded full-thickness anterior blepharotomy for upper eyelid retraction
    • Elner V.M., Hassan A.S., and Frueh B.R. Graded full-thickness anterior blepharotomy for upper eyelid retraction. Arch Ophthalmol 122 1 (2004) 55-60
    • (2004) Arch Ophthalmol , vol.122 , Issue.1 , pp. 55-60
    • Elner, V.M.1    Hassan, A.S.2    Frueh, B.R.3
  • 77
    • 16244419013 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Full thickness eyelid transsection (blepharotomy) for upper eyelid lengthening in lid retraction associated with Graves' disease
    • Hintschich C., and Haritoglou C. Full thickness eyelid transsection (blepharotomy) for upper eyelid lengthening in lid retraction associated with Graves' disease. Br J Ophthalmol 89 4 (2005) 413-416
    • (2005) Br J Ophthalmol , vol.89 , Issue.4 , pp. 413-416
    • Hintschich, C.1    Haritoglou, C.2
  • 78
    • 0035072932 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interpretation and validity of changes in scores on the Graves' ophthalmopathy quality of life questionnaire (GO-QOL) after different treatments
    • Terwee C.B., Dekker F.W., Mourits M.P., et al. Interpretation and validity of changes in scores on the Graves' ophthalmopathy quality of life questionnaire (GO-QOL) after different treatments. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 54 3 (2001) 391-398
    • (2001) Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) , vol.54 , Issue.3 , pp. 391-398
    • Terwee, C.B.1    Dekker, F.W.2    Mourits, M.P.3
  • 79
    • 33747708730 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A questionnaire survey on the management of Graves' orbitopathy in Europe
    • Perros P., Baldeschi L., Boboridis K., et al. A questionnaire survey on the management of Graves' orbitopathy in Europe. Eur J Endocrinol 155 2 (2006) 207-211
    • (2006) Eur J Endocrinol , vol.155 , Issue.2 , pp. 207-211
    • Perros, P.1    Baldeschi, L.2    Boboridis, K.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.