메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 159, Issue 3, 2009, Pages 1135-1147

Neuroprotection by c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase inhibitor SP600125 against potassium deprivation-induced apoptosis involves the Akt pathway and inhibition of cell cycle reentry

Author keywords

Akt; c Jun NH2 terminal kinase; cell cycle; cerebellar granule cells; SP600125

Indexed keywords

2 MORPHOLINO 8 PHENYLCHROMONE; ANTHRA[1,9 CD]PYRAZOL 6(2H) ONE; CYCLIC AMP RESPONSIVE ELEMENT BINDING PROTEIN; CYCLIN DEPENDENT KINASE 5; GLYCOGEN SYNTHASE KINASE 3BETA; POTASSIUM; PROTEIN KINASE B; PROTEIN P25; PROTEIN P35; STRESS ACTIVATED PROTEIN KINASE; TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR FKHR;

EID: 62549119517     PISSN: 03064522     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2009.01.035     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (29)

References (49)
  • 2
    • 17044430584 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Beyond proliferation-cell cycle control of neuronal survival and differentiation in the developing mammalian brain
    • Becker E.B., and Bonni A. Beyond proliferation-cell cycle control of neuronal survival and differentiation in the developing mammalian brain. Semin Cell Dev Biol 16 (2005) 439-448
    • (2005) Semin Cell Dev Biol , vol.16 , pp. 439-448
    • Becker, E.B.1    Bonni, A.2
  • 3
    • 5444234359 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Characterization of the c-Jun N-terminal kinase-BimEL signaling pathway in neuronal apoptosis
    • Becker E.B., Howell J., Kodama Y., Barker P.A., and Bonni A. Characterization of the c-Jun N-terminal kinase-BimEL signaling pathway in neuronal apoptosis. J Neurosci 24 (2004) 8762-8770
    • (2004) J Neurosci , vol.24 , pp. 8762-8770
    • Becker, E.B.1    Howell, J.2    Kodama, Y.3    Barker, P.A.4    Bonni, A.5
  • 4
    • 34147135990 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • AKT and CDK5/p35 mediated brain/derived neurotrophic factor induction of DARPP-32 in medium size spiny neurons in vitro
    • Bogush A., Pedrini S., Pelta-Heller J., Chan T., Yang Q., Mao Z., Sluzas E., Gieringer T., and Ehrlich M.-E. AKT and CDK5/p35 mediated brain/derived neurotrophic factor induction of DARPP-32 in medium size spiny neurons in vitro. J Biol Chem 282 (2007) 7352-7359
    • (2007) J Biol Chem , vol.282 , pp. 7352-7359
    • Bogush, A.1    Pedrini, S.2    Pelta-Heller, J.3    Chan, T.4    Yang, Q.5    Mao, Z.6    Sluzas, E.7    Gieringer, T.8    Ehrlich, M.-E.9
  • 5
    • 34347358646 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • JNK signalling: a possible target to prevent neurodegeneration
    • Borsello T., and Forloni G. JNK signalling: a possible target to prevent neurodegeneration. Curr Pharm Des 13 (2007) 1875-1886
    • (2007) Curr Pharm Des , vol.13 , pp. 1875-1886
    • Borsello, T.1    Forloni, G.2
  • 6
    • 0036592637 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cell cycle proteins in Alzheimer's disease: plenty of wheels but no cycle
    • Bowser R., and Smith M.A. Cell cycle proteins in Alzheimer's disease: plenty of wheels but no cycle. J Alzheimers Dis 4 (2002) 249-254
    • (2002) J Alzheimers Dis , vol.4 , pp. 249-254
    • Bowser, R.1    Smith, M.A.2
  • 7
    • 40849135716 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Apoptotic mechanisms involved in neurodegenerative diseases: experimental and therapeutic approaches
    • Camins A., Pallas M., and Silvestre J.S. Apoptotic mechanisms involved in neurodegenerative diseases: experimental and therapeutic approaches. Methods Find Exp Clin Pharmacol 30 (2008) 43-65
    • (2008) Methods Find Exp Clin Pharmacol , vol.30 , pp. 43-65
    • Camins, A.1    Pallas, M.2    Silvestre, J.S.3
  • 8
    • 1442274948 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inhibiting Src family tyrosine kinase activity blocks glutamate signalling to ERK1/2 and Akt/PKB but not JNK in cultured striatal neurones
    • Crossthwaite A.J., Valli H., and Williams R.J. Inhibiting Src family tyrosine kinase activity blocks glutamate signalling to ERK1/2 and Akt/PKB but not JNK in cultured striatal neurones. J Neurochem 88 (2004) 1127-1139
    • (2004) J Neurochem , vol.88 , pp. 1127-1139
    • Crossthwaite, A.J.1    Valli, H.2    Williams, R.J.3
  • 9
    • 0027483920 scopus 로고
    • Induction of apoptosis in cerebellar granule neurons by low potassium: inhibition of death by insulin-like growth factor I and cAMP
    • D'Mello S.R., Galli C., Ciotti T., and Calissano P. Induction of apoptosis in cerebellar granule neurons by low potassium: inhibition of death by insulin-like growth factor I and cAMP. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 90 (1993) 10989-10993
    • (1993) Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A , vol.90 , pp. 10989-10993
    • D'Mello, S.R.1    Galli, C.2    Ciotti, T.3    Calissano, P.4
  • 10
    • 15744383841 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Glycogen synthase kinase 3 activity mediates neuronal pentraxin 1 expression and cell death induced by potassium deprivation in cerebellar granule cells
    • Enguita M., DeGregorio-Rocasolano N., Abad A., and Trullas R. Glycogen synthase kinase 3 activity mediates neuronal pentraxin 1 expression and cell death induced by potassium deprivation in cerebellar granule cells. Mol Pharmacol 67 (2005) 1237-1246
    • (2005) Mol Pharmacol , vol.67 , pp. 1237-1246
    • Enguita, M.1    DeGregorio-Rocasolano, N.2    Abad, A.3    Trullas, R.4
  • 11
    • 33847287210 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Glycogen synthase kinase-3beta binds to E2F1 and regulates its transcriptional activity
    • García-Alvarez G., Ventura V., Ros O., Aligué R., Gil J., and Tauler A. Glycogen synthase kinase-3beta binds to E2F1 and regulates its transcriptional activity. Biochim Biophys Acta 1773 (2007) 375-382
    • (2007) Biochim Biophys Acta , vol.1773 , pp. 375-382
    • García-Alvarez, G.1    Ventura, V.2    Ros, O.3    Aligué, R.4    Gil, J.5    Tauler, A.6
  • 12
    • 0035851204 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • BH3-only Bcl-2 family members are coordinately regulated by the JNK pathway and require Bax to induce apoptosis in neurons
    • Harris C.A., and Johnson Jr. E.M. BH3-only Bcl-2 family members are coordinately regulated by the JNK pathway and require Bax to induce apoptosis in neurons. J Biol Chem 276 (2001) 37754-37760
    • (2001) J Biol Chem , vol.276 , pp. 37754-37760
    • Harris, C.A.1    Johnson Jr., E.M.2
  • 13
    • 0036845266 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Identification of JNK-dependent and -independent components of cerebellar granule neuron apoptosis
    • Harris C.A., and Johnson Jr. E.M. Identification of JNK-dependent and -independent components of cerebellar granule neuron apoptosis. J Neurochem 83 (2002) 992-1001
    • (2002) J Neurochem , vol.83 , pp. 992-1001
    • Harris, C.A.1    Johnson Jr., E.M.2
  • 14
    • 0036139987 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inhibition of the c-Jun N-terminal kinase signaling pathway by the mixed lineage kinase inhibitor CEP-1347 (KT7515) preserves metabolism and growth of trophic factor-deprived neurons
    • Harris C.A., Deshmukh M., Tsui-Pierchala B., Maroney A.C., and Johnson Jr. E.M. Inhibition of the c-Jun N-terminal kinase signaling pathway by the mixed lineage kinase inhibitor CEP-1347 (KT7515) preserves metabolism and growth of trophic factor-deprived neurons. J Neurosci 22 (2002) 103-113
    • (2002) J Neurosci , vol.22 , pp. 103-113
    • Harris, C.A.1    Deshmukh, M.2    Tsui-Pierchala, B.3    Maroney, A.C.4    Johnson Jr., E.M.5
  • 15
    • 0037335443 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The E2F-Cdc2 cell-cycle pathway specifically mediates activity deprivation-induced apoptosis of postmitotic neurons
    • Konishi Y., and Bonni A. The E2F-Cdc2 cell-cycle pathway specifically mediates activity deprivation-induced apoptosis of postmitotic neurons. J Neurosci 23 (2003) 1649-1658
    • (2003) J Neurosci , vol.23 , pp. 1649-1658
    • Konishi, Y.1    Bonni, A.2
  • 16
    • 20844450752 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Targeting the JNK signaling pathway for stroke and Parkinson's diseases therapy
    • Kuan C.Y., and Burke R.E. Targeting the JNK signaling pathway for stroke and Parkinson's diseases therapy. Curr Drug Targets CNS Neurol Disord 4 (2005) 63-67
    • (2005) Curr Drug Targets CNS Neurol Disord , vol.4 , pp. 63-67
    • Kuan, C.Y.1    Burke, R.E.2
  • 17
    • 38449084379 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • DNA damage response and neuroprotection
    • Kruman I.I., and Schwartz E.I. DNA damage response and neuroprotection. Front Biosci 13 (2008) 2504-2515
    • (2008) Front Biosci , vol.13 , pp. 2504-2515
    • Kruman, I.I.1    Schwartz, E.I.2
  • 19
    • 0042817922 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cyclin-dependent kinase-5 is involved in neuregulin-dependent activation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and Akt activity mediating neuronal survival
    • Li B.S., Ma W., Jaffe H., Zheng Y., Takahashi S., Zhang L., Kulkarni A.B., and Pant H.C. Cyclin-dependent kinase-5 is involved in neuregulin-dependent activation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and Akt activity mediating neuronal survival. J Biol Chem 278 (2003) 35702-35709
    • (2003) J Biol Chem , vol.278 , pp. 35702-35709
    • Li, B.S.1    Ma, W.2    Jaffe, H.3    Zheng, Y.4    Takahashi, S.5    Zhang, L.6    Kulkarni, A.B.7    Pant, H.C.8
  • 20
    • 21844442345 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Progressive degeneration of human mesencephalic neuron-derived cells triggered by dopamine-dependent oxidative stress is dependent on the mixed-lineage kinase pathway
    • Lotharius J., Falsig J., van Beek J., Payne S., Dringen R., Brundin P., and Leist M. Progressive degeneration of human mesencephalic neuron-derived cells triggered by dopamine-dependent oxidative stress is dependent on the mixed-lineage kinase pathway. J Neurosci 25 (2005) 6329-6342
    • (2005) J Neurosci , vol.25 , pp. 6329-6342
    • Lotharius, J.1    Falsig, J.2    van Beek, J.3    Payne, S.4    Dringen, R.5    Brundin, P.6    Leist, M.7
  • 22
    • 35648958679 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • dp5/HRK is a c-Jun target gene and required for apoptosis induced by potassium deprivation in cerebellar granule neurons
    • Ma C., Ying C., Yuan Z., Song B., Li D., Liu Y., Lai B., Li W., Chen R., Ching Y.P., and Li M. dp5/HRK is a c-Jun target gene and required for apoptosis induced by potassium deprivation in cerebellar granule neurons. J Biol Chem 282 (2007) 30901-30909
    • (2007) J Biol Chem , vol.282 , pp. 30901-30909
    • Ma, C.1    Ying, C.2    Yuan, Z.3    Song, B.4    Li, D.5    Liu, Y.6    Lai, B.7    Li, W.8    Chen, R.9    Ching, Y.P.10    Li, M.11
  • 23
    • 0030938816 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inhibition of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase activity blocks depolarization- and insulin-like growth factor I-mediated survival of cerebellar granule cells
    • Miller T.M., Tansey M.G., Johnson Jr. E.M., and Creedon D.J. Inhibition of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase activity blocks depolarization- and insulin-like growth factor I-mediated survival of cerebellar granule cells. J Biol Chem 272 (1997) 9847-9853
    • (1997) J Biol Chem , vol.272 , pp. 9847-9853
    • Miller, T.M.1    Tansey, M.G.2    Johnson Jr., E.M.3    Creedon, D.J.4
  • 24
    • 27744536440 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The last neuronal division: a unifying hypothesis for the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease
    • Nagy Z. The last neuronal division: a unifying hypothesis for the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease. J Cell Mol Med 9 (2005) 531-541
    • (2005) J Cell Mol Med , vol.9 , pp. 531-541
    • Nagy, Z.1
  • 25
    • 0033083559 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neuronal cell death: a demise with different shapes
    • Nicotera P., Leist M., and Manzo L. Neuronal cell death: a demise with different shapes. Trends Pharmacol Sci 20 (1999) 46-51
    • (1999) Trends Pharmacol Sci , vol.20 , pp. 46-51
    • Nicotera, P.1    Leist, M.2    Manzo, L.3
  • 27
    • 0033570320 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Role of cell cycle regulatory proteins in cerebellar granule neuron apoptosis
    • Padmanabhan J., Park D.S., Greene L.A., and Shelanski M.L. Role of cell cycle regulatory proteins in cerebellar granule neuron apoptosis. J Neurosci 19 (1999) 8747-8756
    • (1999) J Neurosci , vol.19 , pp. 8747-8756
    • Padmanabhan, J.1    Park, D.S.2    Greene, L.A.3    Shelanski, M.L.4
  • 28
    • 35148882113 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mixed lineage kinase inhibitor CEP-1347 fails to delay disability in early Parkinson disease
    • Parkinson Study Group PRECEPT Investigators
    • Parkinson Study Group PRECEPT Investigators. Mixed lineage kinase inhibitor CEP-1347 fails to delay disability in early Parkinson disease. Neurology 69 (2007) 1480-1490
    • (2007) Neurology , vol.69 , pp. 1480-1490
  • 30
    • 0037147130 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • K252a and CEP1347 are neuroprotective compounds that inhibit mixed-lineage kinase-3 and induce activation of Akt and ERK
    • Roux P.P., Dorval G., Boudreau M., Angers-Loustau A., Morris S.J., Makkerh J., and Barker P.A. K252a and CEP1347 are neuroprotective compounds that inhibit mixed-lineage kinase-3 and induce activation of Akt and ERK. J Biol Chem 277 (2002) 49473-49480
    • (2002) J Biol Chem , vol.277 , pp. 49473-49480
    • Roux, P.P.1    Dorval, G.2    Boudreau, M.3    Angers-Loustau, A.4    Morris, S.J.5    Makkerh, J.6    Barker, P.A.7
  • 31
    • 19944431569 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Activity deprivation-dependent induction of the proapoptotic BH3-only protein Bim is independent of JNK/c-Jun activation during apoptosis in cerebellar granule neurons
    • Shi L., Gong S., Yuan Z., Ma C., Liu Y., Wang C., Li W., Pi R., Huang S., Chen R., Han Y., Mao Z., and Li M. Activity deprivation-dependent induction of the proapoptotic BH3-only protein Bim is independent of JNK/c-Jun activation during apoptosis in cerebellar granule neurons. Neurosci Lett 375 (2005) 7-12
    • (2005) Neurosci Lett , vol.375 , pp. 7-12
    • Shi, L.1    Gong, S.2    Yuan, Z.3    Ma, C.4    Liu, Y.5    Wang, C.6    Li, W.7    Pi, R.8    Huang, S.9    Chen, R.10    Han, Y.11    Mao, Z.12    Li, M.13
  • 32
    • 0033524740 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inhibition of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase activity elevates c-Jun N-terminal kinase activity in apoptosis of cultured cerebellar granule neurons
    • Shimoke K., Yamagishi S., Yamada M., Ikeuchi T., and Hatanaka H. Inhibition of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase activity elevates c-Jun N-terminal kinase activity in apoptosis of cultured cerebellar granule neurons. Brain Res Dev Brain Res 112 (1999) 245-253
    • (1999) Brain Res Dev Brain Res , vol.112 , pp. 245-253
    • Shimoke, K.1    Yamagishi, S.2    Yamada, M.3    Ikeuchi, T.4    Hatanaka, H.5
  • 33
    • 22844445441 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mixed lineage kinase-c-jun N-terminal kinase signaling pathway: a new therapeutic target in Parkinson's disease
    • Silva R.M., Kuan C.Y., Rakic P., and Burke R.E. Mixed lineage kinase-c-jun N-terminal kinase signaling pathway: a new therapeutic target in Parkinson's disease. Mov Disord 20 (2005) 653-664
    • (2005) Mov Disord , vol.20 , pp. 653-664
    • Silva, R.M.1    Kuan, C.Y.2    Rakic, P.3    Burke, R.E.4
  • 34
    • 0042020021 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Involvement of the transcription factor E2F1/Rb in kainic acid-induced death of murine cerebellar granule cells
    • Smith R.A., Walker T., Xie X., and Hou S.T. Involvement of the transcription factor E2F1/Rb in kainic acid-induced death of murine cerebellar granule cells. Brain Res Mol Brain Res 116 (2003) 70-79
    • (2003) Brain Res Mol Brain Res , vol.116 , pp. 70-79
    • Smith, R.A.1    Walker, T.2    Xie, X.3    Hou, S.T.4
  • 35
    • 17144395975 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The activation of Akt/PKB signaling pathway and cell survival
    • Song G., Ouyang G., and Bao S. The activation of Akt/PKB signaling pathway and cell survival. J Cell Mol Med 9 (2005) 59-71
    • (2005) J Cell Mol Med , vol.9 , pp. 59-71
    • Song, G.1    Ouyang, G.2    Bao, S.3
  • 37
    • 22344449621 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inhibition of multiple pathways accounts for the antiapoptotic effects of flavopiridol on potassium withdrawal-induced apoptosis in neurons
    • Verdaguer E., Jordà E.G., Alvira D., Jiménez A., Canudas A.M., Folch J., Rimbau V., Pallàs M., and Camins A. Inhibition of multiple pathways accounts for the antiapoptotic effects of flavopiridol on potassium withdrawal-induced apoptosis in neurons. J Mol Neurosci 26 (2005) 71-84
    • (2005) J Mol Neurosci , vol.26 , pp. 71-84
    • Verdaguer, E.1    Jordà, E.G.2    Alvira, D.3    Jiménez, A.4    Canudas, A.M.5    Folch, J.6    Rimbau, V.7    Pallàs, M.8    Camins, A.9
  • 39
    • 33750207744 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Recent clinical failures in Parkinson's disease with apoptosis inhibitors underline the need for a paradigm shift in drug discovery for neurodegenerative diseases
    • Waldmeier P., Bozyczko-Coyne D., Williams M., and Vaught J.L. Recent clinical failures in Parkinson's disease with apoptosis inhibitors underline the need for a paradigm shift in drug discovery for neurodegenerative diseases. Biochem Pharmacol 72 (2006) 1197-1206
    • (2006) Biochem Pharmacol , vol.72 , pp. 1197-1206
    • Waldmeier, P.1    Bozyczko-Coyne, D.2    Williams, M.3    Vaught, J.L.4
  • 40
    • 14344262713 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mixed-lineage kinase inhibitors require the activation of Trk receptors to maintain long-term neuronal trophism and survival
    • Wang L.H., Paden A.J., and Johnson Jr. E.M. Mixed-lineage kinase inhibitors require the activation of Trk receptors to maintain long-term neuronal trophism and survival. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 312 (2004) 1007-1019
    • (2004) J Pharmacol Exp Ther , vol.312 , pp. 1007-1019
    • Wang, L.H.1    Paden, A.J.2    Johnson Jr., E.M.3
  • 41
    • 9144220172 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • SP606125 a new JNK inhibitor, protects dopaminergic neurons in the MPTP model of Parkinson's disease
    • Wang W., Shi L., Xie Y., Ma C., Li W., Su X., Huang S., Chen R., Zhu Y., and Li M. SP606125 a new JNK inhibitor, protects dopaminergic neurons in the MPTP model of Parkinson's disease. Neurosci Res 48 (2004) 195-202
    • (2004) Neurosci Res , vol.48 , pp. 195-202
    • Wang, W.1    Shi, L.2    Xie, Y.3    Ma, C.4    Li, W.5    Su, X.6    Huang, S.7    Chen, R.8    Zhu, Y.9    Li, M.10
  • 43
    • 0033521651 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • c-Jun regulates cell cycle progression and apoptosis by distinct mechanisms
    • Wisdom R., Johnson R.S., and Moore C. c-Jun regulates cell cycle progression and apoptosis by distinct mechanisms. EMBO J 18 (1999) 188-197
    • (1999) EMBO J , vol.18 , pp. 188-197
    • Wisdom, R.1    Johnson, R.S.2    Moore, C.3
  • 44
    • 33947151122 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The cell cycle hypothesis of Alzheimer's disease: suggestions for drug development
    • Woods J., Snape M., and Smith M.A. The cell cycle hypothesis of Alzheimer's disease: suggestions for drug development. Biochim Biophys Acta 1772 (2007) 503-508
    • (2007) Biochim Biophys Acta , vol.1772 , pp. 503-508
    • Woods, J.1    Snape, M.2    Smith, M.A.3
  • 46
    • 34547497856 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Glycogen synthase kinase-3 is involved in the regulation of the cell cycle in cerebellar granule cells
    • Yeste-Velasco M., Folch J., Trullas R., Abad M.A., Enguita M., Pallas M., and Camins A. Glycogen synthase kinase-3 is involved in the regulation of the cell cycle in cerebellar granule cells. Neuropharmacology 53 (2007) 295-307
    • (2007) Neuropharmacology , vol.53 , pp. 295-307
    • Yeste-Velasco, M.1    Folch, J.2    Trullas, R.3    Abad, M.A.4    Enguita, M.5    Pallas, M.6    Camins, A.7
  • 47
    • 33846457396 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Critical role of PTEN in the coupling between PI3K/Akt and JNK1/2 signaling in ischemic brain injury
    • Zhang Q.G., Wu D.N., Han D., and Zhang G.Y. Critical role of PTEN in the coupling between PI3K/Akt and JNK1/2 signaling in ischemic brain injury. FEBS Lett 581 (2007) 495-505
    • (2007) FEBS Lett , vol.581 , pp. 495-505
    • Zhang, Q.G.1    Wu, D.N.2    Han, D.3    Zhang, G.Y.4
  • 48
    • 33947178563 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Alzheimer disease, the two-hit hypothesis: an update
    • Zhu X., Lee H.G., Perry G., and Smith M.A. Alzheimer disease, the two-hit hypothesis: an update. Biochim Biophys Acta 1772 (2007) 494-502
    • (2007) Biochim Biophys Acta , vol.1772 , pp. 494-502
    • Zhu, X.1    Lee, H.G.2    Perry, G.3    Smith, M.A.4
  • 49
    • 1642358352 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Alzheimer's disease: the two-hit hypothesis
    • Zhu X., Raina A.K., Perry G., and Smith M.A. Alzheimer's disease: the two-hit hypothesis. Lancet Neurol 3 (2004) 219-226
    • (2004) Lancet Neurol , vol.3 , pp. 219-226
    • Zhu, X.1    Raina, A.K.2    Perry, G.3    Smith, M.A.4


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.