Vertical gradients in leaf trait diversity in a New Zealand forest

Trees - Structure and Function

Volumn 23, Issue 2, 2009, Pages 339-346

  Beaumont, Sam ^a   Burns, K C ^a  

^a VICTORIA UNIVERSITY OF WELLINGTON   (New Zealand)

Author keywords

Diversity; Functional group; Leaf trait; Morphology; New Zealand; Scale; Specific leaf area

Indexed keywords

FUNCTIONAL GROUPS;

DIVERSITY; LEAF TRAIT; NEW ZEALAND; SCALE; SPECIFIC LEAF AREA;

FORESTRY;

ANATOMY; BIODIVERSITY; FOREST CANOPY; FUNCTIONAL GROUPS; LEAVES; MECHANICAL PROPERTIES; ONTOGENY; SHRUBS;

EID: 62449339132     PISSN: 09311890     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s00468-008-0282-z     Document Type: Article

References (67)

1. M Abramoff PJ Magelhaes SJ Ram 2004 Image processing with ImageJ Biophotonics Int 11 36 42
2. DD Ackerly 2004 Adaptation, niche conservatism, and convergence: comparative studies of leaf evolution in the California chaparral Am Nat 163 654 671 10.1086/383062
3. DD Ackerly WK Cornwell 2007 A trait-based approach to community assembly: partitioning of species trait values into within- and among-community components Ecol Lett 10 135 145 10.1111/j.1461-0248.2006.01006.x
4. MS Ali K Kikuzawa 2005 Shoot morphology of Aucuba japonica incurred by anisophylly: ecological implications J Plant Res 118 329 338 10.1007/s10265-005-0230-6
5. Allan HH (1961) Flora of New Zealand, vol 1. Government Printer, Wellington
6. MB Bertiller MJ Mazzarino AL Carrera P Diehl P Satti M Gobbi 2006 Leaf strategies and soil N across a regional humidity gradient in Patagonia Oecologia 148 612 624 10.1007/s00442-006-0401-8
7. F Bongers J Popma 1990 Leaf characteristics of the tropical rain-forest flora of Los-Tuxtlas, Mexico Bot Gaz 151 354 365 10.1086/337836
8. WJ Bond JA Silander 2007 Springs and wire plants: anachronistic defences against Madagascar's extinct elephant birds Proc R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 274 1985 1992 10.1098/rspb.2007.0414
9. WJ Bond WG Lee JM Craine 2004 Plant structural defences against browsing birds: a legacy of New Zealand's extinct moas Oikos 104 500 508 10.1111/j.0030-1299.2004.12720.x
10. JG Bragg M Westoby 2002 Leaf size and foraging for light in a sclerophyll woodland Funct Ecol 16 633 639 10.1046/j.1365-2435.2002.00661.x
11. JH Brown JF Gillooly AP Allen VM Savage GB West 2004 Toward a metabolic theory of ecology Ecology 85 1771 1789 10.1890/03-9000
12. TM Blackburn KJ Gaston 2002 Scale in macroecology Glob Ecol Biogeogr 11 185 189 10.1046/j.1466-822X.2002.00290.x
13. KC Burns 2004 Patterns in specific leaf area and the structure of a temperate heath community Divers Distrib 10 105 112 10.1111/j.1366-9516.2004. 00058.x
14. Burns KC, Beaumont S (2008) Scale-dependent trait correlations in a temperate tree community. Austral Ecol (in press)
15. KC Burns JW Dawson 2005 Patterns in the diversity and distribution of epiphytes and vines in a New Zealand forest Austral Ecol 30 891 899 10.1111/j.1442-9993.2005.01532.x
16. KC Burns JW Dawson 2006 A morphological comparison of leaf heteroblasty between New Caledonia and New Zealand NZ J Bot 44 387 396
17. CD Canham JS Denslow WJ Platt JR Runkle TA Spies PS White 1990 Light regimes beneath closed canopies and tree-fall gaps in temperate and tropical forests Can J For Res 20 620 631 10.1139/x90-084
18. RL Chazdon N Fetcher 1984 Photosynthetic light environments in a lowland tropical rain-forest in Costa-Rica J Ecol 72 553 564 10.2307/2260066
19. Cockayne L (1912) Observations concerning the evolution, derived from ecological studies in New Zealand. Transactions and Proceedings of the New Zealand Institute 44:1-50
20. Cody ML (1986) Structural niches in plant communities. In: J Diamond, TJ Case (eds) Community ecology, Dr W Junk, The Hague, pp 381-405
21. JHC Cornelissen S Lavorel E Garnier S Diaz N Buchmann DE Gurvich 2003 A handbook of protocols for standardised and easy measurement of plant functional traits worldwide Aust J Bot 51 335 380 10.1071/BT02124
22. Dawson JW (1988) Forest vines to snow tussocks: the story of New Zealand plants. Victoria University Press, Wellington
23. JS Day 1998 Light conditions and the evolution of heteroblasty (and the divaricatye form) in New Zealand N Z J Ecol 22 43 54
24. JS Denslow 1980 Gap partitioning among tropical rainforest trees Biotropica 12 47 55 10.2307/2388156
25. BJ Enquist BH Tiffney KJ Niklas 2007 Metabolic scaling and the evolutionary dynamics of plant size form and diversity: toward a synthesis of ecology evolution and palaeontology Int J Plant Sci 168 729 749 10.1086/513479
26. CR Fonseca J McOverton B Collins M Westoby 2000 Shifts in trait combinations along rainfall and phosphorous gradients J Ecol 88 964 977 10.1046/j.1365-2745.2000.00506.x
27. AC Franco M Bustamante LS Caldas G Goldstein FC Meinzer AR Kozovits 2005 Leaf functional traits of neotropical savanna trees in relation to seasonal water deficit Trees (Berl) 19 326 335 10.1007/s00468-004-0394-z
28. TJ Givnish 1987 Comparative studies of leaf form-assessing the relative roles of selective pressures and phylogenetic constraints New Phytol 106 131 160
29. TJ Givnish KJ Sytsma JF Smith WJ Hahn 1994 Thorn-like prickles and heterophylly in Cyanea-adaptations to extinct avian browsers on Hawaii Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 91 2810 2814 10.1073/pnas.91.7.2810
30. W Guohong 2007 Leaf trait co-variation response and effect in a chronosequence J Veg Sci 18 563 570 10.1658/1100-9233(2007)18[563:LTCRAE]2.0. CO;2
31. L Gratani F Covone W Larcher 2006 Leaf plasticity in response to light of three evergreen species of the Mediterranean maquis Trees (Berl) 20 549 558 10.1007/s00468-006-0070-6
32. PJ Grubb 2002 Leaf form and function-towards a radical new approach New Phytol 155 317 320 10.1046/j.1469-8137.2002.00491.x
33. FE Hanley BB Lamont MM Fairbanks CM Raferty 2007 Plant structural traits and their role in anti-herbivore defence Perspect Plant Ecol Evol Syst 8 157 178 10.1016/j.ppees.2007.01.001
34. NC Houter TL Pons 2005 Gap size effects on photoinhibition in understorey saplings in tropical rainforest Plant Ecol 179 43 51 10.1007/s11258-004-5775-2
35. MJ Jaffe S Forbes 1993 Thigmomorphogenesis-the effect of mechanical perturbation on plants Plant Growth Regul 12 313 324 10.1007/BF00027213
36. Janzen DH (1975) Ecology of plants in the tropics. Studies in Biology no 58. Edward Arnold (Publishers) Ltd, London
37. DT Kincaid PJ Anderson SA Mori 1998 Leaf variation in a tree of Pourouma tomentosa (Cecropiaceae) in French Guiana Brittonia 50 324 338 10.2307/2807776
38. Kira T, Yoda K (1989) Vertical stratification in microclimate. In: Lieth H, Werger MJA (eds), Tropical rain forest ecosystems: biogeographical and ecological studies Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp 55-71
39. T Luo J Luo Y Pan 2005 Leaf traits and associated ecosystem characteristics across subtropical and timberline forests in the Gongga Mountains Eastern Tibetan Plateau Oecologia 142 261 273 10.1007/s00442-004-1729- 6
40. MacArthur HR (1972) Geographical ecology. Princeton University Press, New Jersey
41. TJ Martin J Ogden 2006 Wind damage and response in New Zealand forests: a review N Z J Ecol 30 295 310
42. D McDonald DA Norton 1992 Light environments in temperate New Zealand Podocarp rainforests N Z J Ecol 16 15 22
43. Moore LB, Edgar E (1970) Flora of New Zealand, vol 2. Government Printer, Wellington
44. Ü Niinemets 1998 Adjustments of foliage structure and function to a canopy light gradient in two coexisting deciduous trees. Variability in leaf inclination angles in relation to petiole morphology Trees (Berl) 12 446 451 10.1007/s004680050173
45. Ü Niinemets A Portsmouth M Tobias 2007 Leaf shape and venation pattern alter the support investments within leaf lamina in temperate species: a neglected source of leaf physiological differentiation? Funct Ecol 21 28 40 10.1111/j.1365-2435.2006.01221.x
46. Niklas KJ (1993) Plant allometry. University of Chicago Press, Chicago
47. N Osada H Takeda A Furukawa M Awang 2001 Leaf dynamics and maintenance of tree crowns in a Malaysian rain forest stand J Ecol 89 774 782 10.1046/j.0022-0477.2001.00590.x
48. K Oshima YH Tang I Washitani 1997 Spatial and seasonal patterns of microsite light availability in a remnant fragment of deciduous riparian forest and their implication in the conservation of Arisaema heterophyllum a threatened plant species J Plant Res 110 321 327 10.1007/BF02524930
49. L Poorter F Bongers 2006 Leaf traits are good predictors of plant performance across 53 rain forest species Ecology 87 1733 1743 10.1890/0012-9658(2006)87[1733:LTAGPO]2.0.CO;2
50. J Popma F Bongers MJA Werger 1992 Gap-dependence and leaf characteristics of trees in a tropical lowland rain-forest in Mexico Oikos 63 207 214 10.2307/3545380
51. MD Rausher 1978 Search image for leaf shape in a butterfly Science 200 1071 1073 10.1126/science.200.4345.1071
52. L Sack K Frole 2006 Leaf structural diversity is related to hydraulic capacity in tropical rainforest trees Ecology 87 483 491 10.1890/05-0710
53. L Sack PJ Melcher WH Liu E Middleton T Pardee 2006 How strong is intra-canopy leaf deciduous trees? Am J Bot 93 829 839 10.3732/ajb.93.6.829
54. LS Santiago SJ Wright 2007 Leaf functional traits of tropical forest plants in relation to growth form Funct Ecol 21 19 27 10.1111/j.1365-2435.2006. 01218.x
55. B Shipley D Vile E Garnier 2006 From plant traits to plant communities: a statistical mechanistic approach to biodiversity Science 314 812 814 10.1126/science.1131344
56. SPSS (2002) Release 1151 for windows. SPSS Inc, Chicago
57. K Sturrock J Rocha 2000 A multidimensional scaling stress evaluation table Field Methods 12 49 60
58. F Valladares SJ Wright E Lasso K Kitajima RW Pearcy 2000 Plastic response to light of 16 congeneric shrubs from a Panamanian rainforest Ecology 81 1925 1936
59. S Vogel 1970 Convective cooling at low air speeds and shapes of broad leaves J Exp Bot 21 91 101 10.1093/jxb/21.1.91
60. Wardle P (2002) Vegetation of New Zealand. Blackburn Press, Caldwell
61. CR Warren E Dreyer M Tausz MA Adams 2006 Ecotype adaptation and acclimation of leaf traits to rainfall in 29 species of 16-year-old Eucalyptus at two common gardens Funct Ecol 20 929 940 10.1111/j.1365-2435.2006.01198.x
62. M Westoby DS Falster AT Moles PA Vesk IJ Wright 2002 Plant functional Strategies: some leading dimensions of variation between species Annu Rev Ecol Syst 33 125 159 10.1146/annurev.ecolsys.33.010802.150452
63. PJ Wilson K Thompson JG Hodgson 1999 Specific leaf area and leaf dry matter content as alternative predictors of plant strategies New Phytol 143 155 162 10.1046/j.1469-8137.1999.00427.x
64. IJ Wright M Westoby PB Reich 2002 Convergence towards higher leaf mass per area in dry and nutrient-poor habitats has different consequences for leaf life span J Ecol 90 534 543 10.1046/j.1365-2745.2002.00689.x
65. IJ Wright 2004 The worldwide leaf economic spectrum Nature 428 821 827 10.1038/nature02403
66. IJ Wright 2005 Convergence towards higher leaf mass per area in dry and nutrient-poor habitats has different consequences for leaf life span New Phytol 166 485 496 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2005.01349.x
67. L Yáñez-Espinosa T Terrazas L Lopez-Mata JI Valdez-Hernandez 2003 Leaf trait variation in three species through canopy strata in a semi-evergreen neotropical forest Can J Bot 81 398 404 10.1139/b03-031