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1
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33947303700
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The vascular biology of calcification
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A comprehensive review of the risk factors and clinical aspects of vascular calcification in patients with CKD.
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Shroff R.C., and Shanahan C.M. The vascular biology of calcification. Semin Dial 20 (2007) 103-109. A comprehensive review of the risk factors and clinical aspects of vascular calcification in patients with CKD.
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(2007)
Semin Dial
, vol.20
, pp. 103-109
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Shroff, R.C.1
Shanahan, C.M.2
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2
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44649133999
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Vascular calcification: pathobiology of a multifaceted disease
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A comprehensive review summarizing the types of calcification in the cardiovascular system and discussing current knowledge about the bone-vascular axis.
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Demer L.L., and Tintut Y. Vascular calcification: pathobiology of a multifaceted disease. Circulation 117 (2008) 2938-2948. A comprehensive review summarizing the types of calcification in the cardiovascular system and discussing current knowledge about the bone-vascular axis.
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(2008)
Circulation
, vol.117
, pp. 2938-2948
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Demer, L.L.1
Tintut, Y.2
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3
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41649101202
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Interrelation of coronary calcification, myocardial ischemia, and outcomes in patients with intermediate likelihood of coronary artery disease: a combined positron emission tomography/computed tomography study
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Schenker M.P., Dorbala S., Hong E.C., Rybicki F.J., Hachamovitch R., Kwong R.Y., and Di Carli M.F. Interrelation of coronary calcification, myocardial ischemia, and outcomes in patients with intermediate likelihood of coronary artery disease: a combined positron emission tomography/computed tomography study. Circulation 117 (2008) 1693-1700
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(2008)
Circulation
, vol.117
, pp. 1693-1700
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Schenker, M.P.1
Dorbala, S.2
Hong, E.C.3
Rybicki, F.J.4
Hachamovitch, R.5
Kwong, R.Y.6
Di Carli, M.F.7
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4
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54049090502
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Calcium phosphate crystals induce cell death in human vascular smooth muscle cells: a potential mechanism in atherosclerotic plaque destabilization
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A new and important study providing evidence to suggest that small calcium deposits have a proapoptotic action due to their lysosomal degradation by VSMCs. Importantly, the potency of crystals in inducing VSMC death was dependent on their size, composition, and associated factors, suggesting calcium-binding inhibitory proteins can modulate the toxic effects of calcium crystals. The loss of inhibitors could also impinge on VSMC survival in this way.
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Ewence A.E., Bootman M., Roderick H.L., Skepper J.N., McCarthy G., Epple M., Neumann M., Shanahan C.M., and Proudfoot D. Calcium phosphate crystals induce cell death in human vascular smooth muscle cells: a potential mechanism in atherosclerotic plaque destabilization. Circ Res 103 (2008) e28-e34. A new and important study providing evidence to suggest that small calcium deposits have a proapoptotic action due to their lysosomal degradation by VSMCs. Importantly, the potency of crystals in inducing VSMC death was dependent on their size, composition, and associated factors, suggesting calcium-binding inhibitory proteins can modulate the toxic effects of calcium crystals. The loss of inhibitors could also impinge on VSMC survival in this way.
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(2008)
Circ Res
, vol.103
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Ewence, A.E.1
Bootman, M.2
Roderick, H.L.3
Skepper, J.N.4
McCarthy, G.5
Epple, M.6
Neumann, M.7
Shanahan, C.M.8
Proudfoot, D.9
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5
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21844438685
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Proinflammatory activation of macrophages by basic calcium phosphate crystals via protein kinase C and MAP kinase pathways: a vicious cycle of inflammation and arterial calcification?
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Nadra I., Mason J.C., Philippidis P., Florey O., Smythe C.D., McCarthy G.M., Landis R.C., and Haskard D.O. Proinflammatory activation of macrophages by basic calcium phosphate crystals via protein kinase C and MAP kinase pathways: a vicious cycle of inflammation and arterial calcification?. Circ Res 96 (2005) 1248-1256
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(2005)
Circ Res
, vol.96
, pp. 1248-1256
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Nadra, I.1
Mason, J.C.2
Philippidis, P.3
Florey, O.4
Smythe, C.D.5
McCarthy, G.M.6
Landis, R.C.7
Haskard, D.O.8
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7
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14544283020
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Human vascular smooth muscle cells undergo vesicle-mediated calcification in response to changes in extracellular calcium and phosphate concentrations: a potential mechanism for accelerated vascular calcification in ESRD
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This study was the first to clearly establish a role for matrix vesicles in VSMC calcification.
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Reynolds J.L., Joannides A.J., Skepper J.N., McNair R., Schurgers L.J., Proudfoot D., Jahnen-Dechent W., Weissberg P.L., and Shanahan C.M. Human vascular smooth muscle cells undergo vesicle-mediated calcification in response to changes in extracellular calcium and phosphate concentrations: a potential mechanism for accelerated vascular calcification in ESRD. J Am Soc Nephrol 15 (2004) 2857-2867. This study was the first to clearly establish a role for matrix vesicles in VSMC calcification.
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(2004)
J Am Soc Nephrol
, vol.15
, pp. 2857-2867
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Reynolds, J.L.1
Joannides, A.J.2
Skepper, J.N.3
McNair, R.4
Schurgers, L.J.5
Proudfoot, D.6
Jahnen-Dechent, W.7
Weissberg, P.L.8
Shanahan, C.M.9
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8
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50949103067
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Matrix vesicles are carriers of bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and noncollagenous matrix proteins
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Following the original discovery that matrix vesicles initiate calcification in bone and mineralizing cartilage the Anderson lab has now extended our knowledge of these particles by showing they contain a range of morphogenic factors, able to promote differentiation of chondrocytes suggesting matrix vesicles also have roles in signaling.
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Nahar N.N., Missana L.R., Garimella R., Tague S.E., and Anderson H.C. Matrix vesicles are carriers of bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and noncollagenous matrix proteins. J Bone Miner Metab 26 (2008) 514-519. Following the original discovery that matrix vesicles initiate calcification in bone and mineralizing cartilage the Anderson lab has now extended our knowledge of these particles by showing they contain a range of morphogenic factors, able to promote differentiation of chondrocytes suggesting matrix vesicles also have roles in signaling.
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(2008)
J Bone Miner Metab
, vol.26
, pp. 514-519
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Nahar, N.N.1
Missana, L.R.2
Garimella, R.3
Tague, S.E.4
Anderson, H.C.5
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9
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55449101447
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Dialysis accelerates medial vascular calcification in part by triggering smooth muscle cell apoptosis
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This is the first clinical study showing for the first time in human samples that the initiating mechanism of vascular medial calcification in patients on dialysis is VSMC apoptosis.
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Shroff R.C., McNair R., Figg N., Skepper J.N., Schurgers L., Gupta A., Hiorns M., Donald A.E., Deanfield J., Rees L., and Shanahan C.M. Dialysis accelerates medial vascular calcification in part by triggering smooth muscle cell apoptosis. Circulation 118 (2008) 1748-1757. This is the first clinical study showing for the first time in human samples that the initiating mechanism of vascular medial calcification in patients on dialysis is VSMC apoptosis.
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(2008)
Circulation
, vol.118
, pp. 1748-1757
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Shroff, R.C.1
McNair, R.2
Figg, N.3
Skepper, J.N.4
Schurgers, L.5
Gupta, A.6
Hiorns, M.7
Donald, A.E.8
Deanfield, J.9
Rees, L.10
Shanahan, C.M.11
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10
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55449118235
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Mineral surface in calcified plaque is like that of bone: further evidence for regulated mineralization
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This study uses state of the art NMR technology to demonstrate that the interface of mineral and protein in calcified plaque and bone are almost identical highlighting the relationship between these two processes.
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Duer M.J., Friscic T., Proudfoot D., Reid D.G., Schoppet M., Shanahan C.M., Skepper J.N., and Wise E.R. Mineral surface in calcified plaque is like that of bone: further evidence for regulated mineralization. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 28 (2008) 2030-2034. This study uses state of the art NMR technology to demonstrate that the interface of mineral and protein in calcified plaque and bone are almost identical highlighting the relationship between these two processes.
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(2008)
Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol
, vol.28
, pp. 2030-2034
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Duer, M.J.1
Friscic, T.2
Proudfoot, D.3
Reid, D.G.4
Schoppet, M.5
Shanahan, C.M.6
Skepper, J.N.7
Wise, E.R.8
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11
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37349065459
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Osteogenesis associates with inflammation in early-stage atherosclerosis evaluated by molecular imaging in vivo
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This study showed that the earliest events preceding calcification, VSMC death, and their osteogenic conversion in atherosclerotic plaques were macrophage infiltration and inflammation.
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Aikawa E., Nahrendorf M., Figueiredo J.L., Swirski F.K., Shtatland T., Kohler R.H., Jaffer F.A., Aikawa M., and Weissleder R. Osteogenesis associates with inflammation in early-stage atherosclerosis evaluated by molecular imaging in vivo. Circulation 116 (2007) 2841-2850. This study showed that the earliest events preceding calcification, VSMC death, and their osteogenic conversion in atherosclerotic plaques were macrophage infiltration and inflammation.
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(2007)
Circulation
, vol.116
, pp. 2841-2850
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Aikawa, E.1
Nahrendorf, M.2
Figueiredo, J.L.3
Swirski, F.K.4
Shtatland, T.5
Kohler, R.H.6
Jaffer, F.A.7
Aikawa, M.8
Weissleder, R.9
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12
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3543139492
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Mineral metabolism, mortality, and morbidity in maintenance hemodialysis
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Block G.A., Klassen P.S., Lazarus J.M., Ofsthun N., Lowrie E.G., and Chertow G.M. Mineral metabolism, mortality, and morbidity in maintenance hemodialysis. J Am Soc Nephrol 15 (2004) 2208-2218
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(2004)
J Am Soc Nephrol
, vol.15
, pp. 2208-2218
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Block, G.A.1
Klassen, P.S.2
Lazarus, J.M.3
Ofsthun, N.4
Lowrie, E.G.5
Chertow, G.M.6
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13
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42149168621
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Upregulation of alkaline phosphatase and pyrophosphate hydrolysis: potential mechanism for uremic vascular calcification
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An important study demonstrating a potential role for tissue-nonspecific alkaline phosphatase in reducing pyrophosphate levels in vessels. Uremic conditions increase tissue-nonspecific alkaline phosphatase activity in vivo and in vitro which in turn leads to the hydrolysis of the mineralization inhibitor, pyrophosphate. These data may pave the way for the use of TNAP inhibitors in the reduction of uremic vascular calcification.
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Lomashvili K.A., Garg P., Narisawa S., Millan J.L., and O'Neill W.C. Upregulation of alkaline phosphatase and pyrophosphate hydrolysis: potential mechanism for uremic vascular calcification. Kidney Int 73 (2008) 1024-1030. An important study demonstrating a potential role for tissue-nonspecific alkaline phosphatase in reducing pyrophosphate levels in vessels. Uremic conditions increase tissue-nonspecific alkaline phosphatase activity in vivo and in vitro which in turn leads to the hydrolysis of the mineralization inhibitor, pyrophosphate. These data may pave the way for the use of TNAP inhibitors in the reduction of uremic vascular calcification.
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(2008)
Kidney Int
, vol.73
, pp. 1024-1030
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Lomashvili, K.A.1
Garg, P.2
Narisawa, S.3
Millan, J.L.4
O'Neill, W.C.5
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14
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33646799150
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Statins protect human aortic smooth muscle cells from inorganic phosphate-induced calcification by restoring Gas6-Axl survival pathway
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Son B.K., Kozaki K., Iijima K., Eto M., Kojima T., Ota H., Senda Y., Maemura K., Nakano T., Akishita M., and Ouchi Y. Statins protect human aortic smooth muscle cells from inorganic phosphate-induced calcification by restoring Gas6-Axl survival pathway. Circ Res 98 (2006) 1024-1031
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(2006)
Circ Res
, vol.98
, pp. 1024-1031
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Son, B.K.1
Kozaki, K.2
Iijima, K.3
Eto, M.4
Kojima, T.5
Ota, H.6
Senda, Y.7
Maemura, K.8
Nakano, T.9
Akishita, M.10
Ouchi, Y.11
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15
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33646157733
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Role of the sodium-dependent phosphate cotransporter, Pit-1, in vascular smooth muscle cell calcification
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A study demonstrating the crucial role of the phosphate transporter Pit-1 in VSMC calcification. Pit-1 is the predominant sodium-dependent phosphate cotransporter expressed in human VSMCs and downregulation of Pit-1 by RNAi reduced phosphate uptake by VSMC and inhibited phosphate-induced VSMC phenotypic transition and calcification.
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Li X., Yang H.Y., and Giachelli C.M. Role of the sodium-dependent phosphate cotransporter, Pit-1, in vascular smooth muscle cell calcification. Circ Res 98 (2006) 905-912. A study demonstrating the crucial role of the phosphate transporter Pit-1 in VSMC calcification. Pit-1 is the predominant sodium-dependent phosphate cotransporter expressed in human VSMCs and downregulation of Pit-1 by RNAi reduced phosphate uptake by VSMC and inhibited phosphate-induced VSMC phenotypic transition and calcification.
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(2006)
Circ Res
, vol.98
, pp. 905-912
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Li, X.1
Yang, H.Y.2
Giachelli, C.M.3
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16
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26444492201
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Two year comparison of sevelamer and calcium carbonate effects on cardiovascular calcification and bone density
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Long-term clinical assessment of the impact of different phosphate binders on vascular calcification and bone density in patients on dialysis.
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Asmus H.G., Braun J., Krause R., Brunkhorst R., Holzer H., Schulz W., Neumayer H.H., Raggi P., and Bommer J. Two year comparison of sevelamer and calcium carbonate effects on cardiovascular calcification and bone density. Nephrol Dial Transplant 20 (2005) 1653-1661. Long-term clinical assessment of the impact of different phosphate binders on vascular calcification and bone density in patients on dialysis.
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(2005)
Nephrol Dial Transplant
, vol.20
, pp. 1653-1661
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Asmus, H.G.1
Braun, J.2
Krause, R.3
Brunkhorst, R.4
Holzer, H.5
Schulz, W.6
Neumayer, H.H.7
Raggi, P.8
Bommer, J.9
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17
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33847223412
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Mortality effect of coronary calcification and phosphate binder choice in incident hemodialysis patients
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Block G.A., Raggi P., Bellasi A., Kooienga L., and Spiegel D.M. Mortality effect of coronary calcification and phosphate binder choice in incident hemodialysis patients. Kidney Int 71 (2007) 438-441
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(2007)
Kidney Int
, vol.71
, pp. 438-441
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Block, G.A.1
Raggi, P.2
Bellasi, A.3
Kooienga, L.4
Spiegel, D.M.5
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18
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0042343804
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Survival of patients undergoing hemodialysis with paricalcitol or calcitriol therapy
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Teng M., Wolf M., Lowrie E., Ofsthun N., Lazarus J.M., and Thadhani R. Survival of patients undergoing hemodialysis with paricalcitol or calcitriol therapy. N Engl J Med 349 (2003) 446-456
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(2003)
N Engl J Med
, vol.349
, pp. 446-456
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Teng, M.1
Wolf, M.2
Lowrie, E.3
Ofsthun, N.4
Lazarus, J.M.5
Thadhani, R.6
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19
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33750576187
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Mortality risk among hemodialysis patients receiving different vitamin D analogs
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Tentori F., Hunt W.C., Stidley C.A., Rohrscheib M.R., Bedrick E.J., Meyer K.B., Johnson H.K., and Zager P.G. Mortality risk among hemodialysis patients receiving different vitamin D analogs. Kidney Int 70 (2006) 1858-1865
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(2006)
Kidney Int
, vol.70
, pp. 1858-1865
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Tentori, F.1
Hunt, W.C.2
Stidley, C.A.3
Rohrscheib, M.R.4
Bedrick, E.J.5
Meyer, K.B.6
Johnson, H.K.7
Zager, P.G.8
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20
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1642416884
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Targeted ablation of Fgf23 demonstrates an essential physiological role of FGF23 in phosphate and vitamin D metabolism
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Shimada T., Kakitani M., Yamazaki Y., Hasegawa H., Takeuchi Y., Fujita T., Fukumoto S., Tomizuka K., and Yamashita T. Targeted ablation of Fgf23 demonstrates an essential physiological role of FGF23 in phosphate and vitamin D metabolism. J Clin Invest 113 (2004) 561-568
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(2004)
J Clin Invest
, vol.113
, pp. 561-568
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Shimada, T.1
Kakitani, M.2
Yamazaki, Y.3
Hasegawa, H.4
Takeuchi, Y.5
Fujita, T.6
Fukumoto, S.7
Tomizuka, K.8
Yamashita, T.9
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21
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49249104701
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Fibroblast growth factor 23 and mortality among patients undergoing hemodialysis
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Gutierrez O.M., Mannstadt M., Isakova T., Rauh-Hain J.A., Tamez H., Shah A., Smith K., Lee H., Thadhani R., Juppner H., and Wolf M. Fibroblast growth factor 23 and mortality among patients undergoing hemodialysis. N Engl J Med 359 (2008) 584-592
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(2008)
N Engl J Med
, vol.359
, pp. 584-592
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Gutierrez, O.M.1
Mannstadt, M.2
Isakova, T.3
Rauh-Hain, J.A.4
Tamez, H.5
Shah, A.6
Smith, K.7
Lee, H.8
Thadhani, R.9
Juppner, H.10
Wolf, M.11
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22
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33646238028
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Premature aging-like phenotype in fibroblast growth factor 23 null mice is a vitamin D-mediated process
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An important study establishing the mechanism of FGF-23 involvement in premature age-associated vascular changes. Genetic deletion of 1alpha(OH)ase significantly rescued the premature aging phenotypes of Fgf-23-/- mice, increased their lifespan and eliminated atherosclerosis and ectopic calcifications suggesting the role of FGF-23 in the regulation of vitamin D metabolism.
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Razzaque M.S., Sitara D., Taguchi T., St-Arnaud R., and Lanske B. Premature aging-like phenotype in fibroblast growth factor 23 null mice is a vitamin D-mediated process. FASEB J 20 (2006) 720-722. An important study establishing the mechanism of FGF-23 involvement in premature age-associated vascular changes. Genetic deletion of 1alpha(OH)ase significantly rescued the premature aging phenotypes of Fgf-23-/- mice, increased their lifespan and eliminated atherosclerosis and ectopic calcifications suggesting the role of FGF-23 in the regulation of vitamin D metabolism.
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(2006)
FASEB J
, vol.20
, pp. 720-722
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Razzaque, M.S.1
Sitara, D.2
Taguchi, T.3
St-Arnaud, R.4
Lanske, B.5
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23
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49749145970
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FGF-23-Klotho signaling stimulates proliferation and prevents vitamin D-induced apoptosis
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An important study demonstrating that FGF-23/Klotho suppresses the apoptotic action of vitamin D via the negative regulation of 1alpha-hydroxylase expression and phosphoinositide-3 kinase-dependent inhibition of caspase activity. This raises the possibility for FGF-23/Klotho therapy but also suggests it may be limited by the importance of vitamin D in multiple processes.
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Medici D., Razzaque M.S., Deluca S., Rector T.L., Hou B., Kang K., Goetz R., Mohammadi M., Kuro O., Olsen B.R., and Lanske B. FGF-23-Klotho signaling stimulates proliferation and prevents vitamin D-induced apoptosis. J Cell Biol 182 (2008) 459-465. An important study demonstrating that FGF-23/Klotho suppresses the apoptotic action of vitamin D via the negative regulation of 1alpha-hydroxylase expression and phosphoinositide-3 kinase-dependent inhibition of caspase activity. This raises the possibility for FGF-23/Klotho therapy but also suggests it may be limited by the importance of vitamin D in multiple processes.
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(2008)
J Cell Biol
, vol.182
, pp. 459-465
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Medici, D.1
Razzaque, M.S.2
Deluca, S.3
Rector, T.L.4
Hou, B.5
Kang, K.6
Goetz, R.7
Mohammadi, M.8
Kuro, O.9
Olsen, B.R.10
Lanske, B.11
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24
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58449121900
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Calcification is associated with loss of functional calcium-sensing receptor in vascular smooth muscle cells
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Alam M.U., Kirton J.P., Wilkinson F.L., Towers E., Sinha S., Rouhi M., Vizard T.N., Sage A.P., Martin D., Ward D.T., et al. Calcification is associated with loss of functional calcium-sensing receptor in vascular smooth muscle cells. Cardiovasc Res 81 (2009) 260-268
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(2009)
Cardiovasc Res
, vol.81
, pp. 260-268
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Alam, M.U.1
Kirton, J.P.2
Wilkinson, F.L.3
Towers, E.4
Sinha, S.5
Rouhi, M.6
Vizard, T.N.7
Sage, A.P.8
Martin, D.9
Ward, D.T.10
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25
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33748147021
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Extracellular calcium sensing in rat aortic vascular smooth muscle cells
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Smajilovic S., Hansen J.L., Christoffersen T.E., Lewin E., Sheikh S.P., Terwilliger E.F., Brown E.M., Haunso S., and Tfelt-Hansen J. Extracellular calcium sensing in rat aortic vascular smooth muscle cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 348 (2006) 1215-1223
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(2006)
Biochem Biophys Res Commun
, vol.348
, pp. 1215-1223
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Smajilovic, S.1
Hansen, J.L.2
Christoffersen, T.E.3
Lewin, E.4
Sheikh, S.P.5
Terwilliger, E.F.6
Brown, E.M.7
Haunso, S.8
Tfelt-Hansen, J.9
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26
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0032585608
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Effect of HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors on coronary artery disease as assessed by electron-beam computed tomography
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Callister T.Q., Raggi P., Cooil B., Lippolis N.J., and Russo D.J. Effect of HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors on coronary artery disease as assessed by electron-beam computed tomography. N Engl J Med 339 (1998) 1972-1978
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(1998)
N Engl J Med
, vol.339
, pp. 1972-1978
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Callister, T.Q.1
Raggi, P.2
Cooil, B.3
Lippolis, N.J.4
Russo, D.J.5
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27
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22344458137
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Atorvastatin in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus undergoing hemodialysis
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Wanner C., Krane V., Marz W., Olschewski M., Mann J.F., Ruf G., and Ritz E. Atorvastatin in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus undergoing hemodialysis. N Engl J Med 353 (2005) 238-248
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(2005)
N Engl J Med
, vol.353
, pp. 238-248
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Wanner, C.1
Krane, V.2
Marz, W.3
Olschewski, M.4
Mann, J.F.5
Ruf, G.6
Ritz, E.7
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28
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36348963624
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Aortic Msx2-Wnt calcification cascade is regulated by TNF-alpha-dependent signals in diabetic Ldlr-/- mice
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TNF-alpha-dependent promotion of aortic Msx2-Wnt signaling cascades and vascular calcification in type II diabetes Ldlr-/- model was shown in this study. A significant reduction of vascular calcification by selective targeting of inflammation but not other risk factors was achieved.
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Al-Aly Z., Shao J.S., Lai C.F., Huang E., Cai J., Behrmann A., Cheng S.L., and Towler D.A. Aortic Msx2-Wnt calcification cascade is regulated by TNF-alpha-dependent signals in diabetic Ldlr-/- mice. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 27 (2007) 2589-2596. TNF-alpha-dependent promotion of aortic Msx2-Wnt signaling cascades and vascular calcification in type II diabetes Ldlr-/- model was shown in this study. A significant reduction of vascular calcification by selective targeting of inflammation but not other risk factors was achieved.
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(2007)
Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol
, vol.27
, pp. 2589-2596
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Al-Aly, Z.1
Shao, J.S.2
Lai, C.F.3
Huang, E.4
Cai, J.5
Behrmann, A.6
Cheng, S.L.7
Towler, D.A.8
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29
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34248592827
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Association of serum fetuin-A levels with mortality in dialysis patients
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Hermans M.M., Brandenburg V., Ketteler M., Kooman J.P., van der Sande F.M., Boeschoten E.W., Leunissen K.M., Krediet R.T., and Dekker F.W. Association of serum fetuin-A levels with mortality in dialysis patients. Kidney Int 72 (2007) 202-207
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(2007)
Kidney Int
, vol.72
, pp. 202-207
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Hermans, M.M.1
Brandenburg, V.2
Ketteler, M.3
Kooman, J.P.4
van der Sande, F.M.5
Boeschoten, E.W.6
Leunissen, K.M.7
Krediet, R.T.8
Dekker, F.W.9
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30
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47249089087
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Hierarchical role of fetuin-A and acidic serum proteins in the formation and stabilization of calcium phosphate particles
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Heiss A., Eckert T., Aretz A., Richtering W., van D.W., Schafer C., and Jahnen-Dechent W. Hierarchical role of fetuin-A and acidic serum proteins in the formation and stabilization of calcium phosphate particles. J Biol Chem 283 (2008) 14815-14825
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(2008)
J Biol Chem
, vol.283
, pp. 14815-14825
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Heiss, A.1
Eckert, T.2
Aretz, A.3
Richtering, W.4
van, D.W.5
Schafer, C.6
Jahnen-Dechent, W.7
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31
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34447547902
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Fetuin-A (AHSG) prevents extraosseous calcification induced by uraemia and phosphate challenge in mice
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Evidence that the fetuin-A level, Ca × P product, and CKD are independent risk factors for vascular calcification. Serum calcium phosphate product and vascular calcification were compared between fetuin-A-deficient or wild type mice in a CKD-model with a high phosphate diet. Only fetuin-A-/- mice developed significant calcifications of the myocardium, lungs, and heart valves despite a lower serum Ca-Pi product close to the normal range. Interestingly, arterial calcification was absent from the animals with significant calcification of other soft-tissues calcification, which could be attributed to the short time of the study, undamaged features of the vasculature or increased OPN expression in the aorta.
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Westenfeld R., Schafer C., Smeets R., Brandenburg V.M., Floege J., Ketteler M., and Jahnen-Dechent W. Fetuin-A (AHSG) prevents extraosseous calcification induced by uraemia and phosphate challenge in mice. Nephrol Dial Transplant 22 (2007) 1537-1546. Evidence that the fetuin-A level, Ca × P product, and CKD are independent risk factors for vascular calcification. Serum calcium phosphate product and vascular calcification were compared between fetuin-A-deficient or wild type mice in a CKD-model with a high phosphate diet. Only fetuin-A-/- mice developed significant calcifications of the myocardium, lungs, and heart valves despite a lower serum Ca-Pi product close to the normal range. Interestingly, arterial calcification was absent from the animals with significant calcification of other soft-tissues calcification, which could be attributed to the short time of the study, undamaged features of the vasculature or increased OPN expression in the aorta.
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(2007)
Nephrol Dial Transplant
, vol.22
, pp. 1537-1546
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Westenfeld, R.1
Schafer, C.2
Smeets, R.3
Brandenburg, V.M.4
Floege, J.5
Ketteler, M.6
Jahnen-Dechent, W.7
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32
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33645269267
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Multifunctional roles for serum protein fetuin-a in inhibition of human vascular smooth muscle cell calcification
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Reynolds J.L., Skepper J.N., McNair R., Kasama T., Gupta K., Weissberg P.L., Jahnen-Dechent W., and Shanahan C.M. Multifunctional roles for serum protein fetuin-a in inhibition of human vascular smooth muscle cell calcification. J Am Soc Nephrol 16 (2005) 2920-2930
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(2005)
J Am Soc Nephrol
, vol.16
, pp. 2920-2930
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Reynolds, J.L.1
Skepper, J.N.2
McNair, R.3
Kasama, T.4
Gupta, K.5
Weissberg, P.L.6
Jahnen-Dechent, W.7
Shanahan, C.M.8
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33
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2942631661
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Extracellular matrix mineralization is regulated locally; different roles of two gla-containing proteins
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In this important study using transgenic mice showed that only local MGP was able to prevent aortic calcification. Specific promoter-driven Mgp expression in arteries rescues the arterial mineralization phenotype of Mgp-/- mice, whereas its expression in osteoblasts prevents bone mineralization. In contrast, raising the serum level of MGP does not affect mineralization. Mutagenesis experiments confirmed that the anticalcific function of MGP requires four amino acids which are gamma-carboxylated.
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Murshed M., Schinke T., McKee M.D., and Karsenty G. Extracellular matrix mineralization is regulated locally; different roles of two gla-containing proteins. J Cell Biol 165 (2004) 625-630. In this important study using transgenic mice showed that only local MGP was able to prevent aortic calcification. Specific promoter-driven Mgp expression in arteries rescues the arterial mineralization phenotype of Mgp-/- mice, whereas its expression in osteoblasts prevents bone mineralization. In contrast, raising the serum level of MGP does not affect mineralization. Mutagenesis experiments confirmed that the anticalcific function of MGP requires four amino acids which are gamma-carboxylated.
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(2004)
J Cell Biol
, vol.165
, pp. 625-630
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Murshed, M.1
Schinke, T.2
McKee, M.D.3
Karsenty, G.4
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34
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Post-translational modifications regulate matrix Gla protein function: importance for inhibition of vascular smooth muscle cell calcification
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Schurgers L.J., Spronk H.M., Skepper J.N., Hackeng T.M., Shanahan C.M., Vermeer C., Weissberg P.L., and Proudfoot D. Post-translational modifications regulate matrix Gla protein function: importance for inhibition of vascular smooth muscle cell calcification. J Thromb Haemost 5 (2007) 2503-2511
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(2007)
J Thromb Haemost
, vol.5
, pp. 2503-2511
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Schurgers, L.J.1
Spronk, H.M.2
Skepper, J.N.3
Hackeng, T.M.4
Shanahan, C.M.5
Vermeer, C.6
Weissberg, P.L.7
Proudfoot, D.8
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35
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33947578745
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Regression of warfarin-induced medial elastocalcinosis by high intake of vitamin K in rats
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This study showed that preformed vascular calcification can be regressed by high vitamin K diet. Vascular calcification in rats was induced by warfarin. Treatment with high doses of vitamin K significantly decreased the arterial calcium content and restored arterial distensibility.
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Schurgers L.J., Spronk H.M., Soute B.A., Schiffers P.M., DeMey J.G., and Vermeer C. Regression of warfarin-induced medial elastocalcinosis by high intake of vitamin K in rats. Blood 109 (2007) 2823-2831. This study showed that preformed vascular calcification can be regressed by high vitamin K diet. Vascular calcification in rats was induced by warfarin. Treatment with high doses of vitamin K significantly decreased the arterial calcium content and restored arterial distensibility.
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(2007)
Blood
, vol.109
, pp. 2823-2831
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Schurgers, L.J.1
Spronk, H.M.2
Soute, B.A.3
Schiffers, P.M.4
DeMey, J.G.5
Vermeer, C.6
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36
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Novel inhibitors of alkaline phosphatase suppress vascular smooth muscle cell calcification
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Narisawa S., Harmey D., Yadav M.C., O'Neill W.C., Hoylaerts M.F., and Millan J.L. Novel inhibitors of alkaline phosphatase suppress vascular smooth muscle cell calcification. J Bone Miner Res 22 (2007) 1700-1710
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(2007)
J Bone Miner Res
, vol.22
, pp. 1700-1710
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Narisawa, S.1
Harmey, D.2
Yadav, M.C.3
O'Neill, W.C.4
Hoylaerts, M.F.5
Millan, J.L.6
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37
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36549072502
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Bisphosphonates: an update on mechanisms of action and how these relate to clinical efficacy
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Russell R.G., Xia Z., Dunford J.E., Oppermann U., Kwaasi A., Hulley P.A., Kavanagh K.L., Triffitt J.T., Lundy M.W., Phipps R.J., et al. Bisphosphonates: an update on mechanisms of action and how these relate to clinical efficacy. Ann NY Acad Sci 1117 (2007) 209-257
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(2007)
Ann NY Acad Sci
, vol.1117
, pp. 209-257
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Russell, R.G.1
Xia, Z.2
Dunford, J.E.3
Oppermann, U.4
Kwaasi, A.5
Hulley, P.A.6
Kavanagh, K.L.7
Triffitt, J.T.8
Lundy, M.W.9
Phipps, R.J.10
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38
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33644976271
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Inhibition of the progression of aortic calcification by etidronate treatment in hemodialysis patients: long-term effects
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The effect of etridronate treatment on aortic calcification in hemodialysis patients was evaluated in this clinical study. The aortic calcification area in the etidronate treated group did not change significantly over 12 months indicating that etridronate inhibits the progression of vascular calcification and might improve the clinical prognosis in dialysis patients.
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Hashiba H., Aizawa S., Tamura K., and Kogo H. Inhibition of the progression of aortic calcification by etidronate treatment in hemodialysis patients: long-term effects. Ther Apher Dial 10 (2006) 59-64. The effect of etridronate treatment on aortic calcification in hemodialysis patients was evaluated in this clinical study. The aortic calcification area in the etidronate treated group did not change significantly over 12 months indicating that etridronate inhibits the progression of vascular calcification and might improve the clinical prognosis in dialysis patients.
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(2006)
Ther Apher Dial
, vol.10
, pp. 59-64
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Hashiba, H.1
Aizawa, S.2
Tamura, K.3
Kogo, H.4
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39
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0032079445
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Osteoprotegerin-deficient mice develop early onset osteoporosis and arterial calcification
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Bucay N., Sarosi I., Dunstan C.R., Morony S., Tarpley J., Capparelli C., Scully S., Tan H.L., Xu W., Lacey D.L., et al. Osteoprotegerin-deficient mice develop early onset osteoporosis and arterial calcification. Genes Dev 12 (1998) 1260-1268
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(1998)
Genes Dev
, vol.12
, pp. 1260-1268
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Bucay, N.1
Sarosi, I.2
Dunstan, C.R.3
Morony, S.4
Tarpley, J.5
Capparelli, C.6
Scully, S.7
Tan, H.L.8
Xu, W.9
Lacey, D.L.10
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40
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Osteoprotegerin inhibits vascular calcification without affecting atherosclerosis in ldlr(-/-) mice
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This study from the Demer group showed that recombinant osteoprotegerin treatment inhibits vascular calcification in diabetic ldlr(-/-) mice, fed an atherogenic diet. Subcutaneous injections of recombinant osteoprotegerin significantly reduced the calcified lesion areas and tissue levels of osteocalcin, a marker of mineralization, highlighting the protective role of OPN. Fc-OPG treatment affected neither plasma calcium and phosphate levels nor aortic tissue cytokine levels or atherosclerosis progression suggesting the effect was specific to calcification.
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Morony S., Tintut Y., Zhang Z., Cattley R.C., Van G., Dwyer D., Stolina M., Kostenuik P.J., and Demer L.L. Osteoprotegerin inhibits vascular calcification without affecting atherosclerosis in ldlr(-/-) mice. Circulation 117 (2008) 411-420. This study from the Demer group showed that recombinant osteoprotegerin treatment inhibits vascular calcification in diabetic ldlr(-/-) mice, fed an atherogenic diet. Subcutaneous injections of recombinant osteoprotegerin significantly reduced the calcified lesion areas and tissue levels of osteocalcin, a marker of mineralization, highlighting the protective role of OPN. Fc-OPG treatment affected neither plasma calcium and phosphate levels nor aortic tissue cytokine levels or atherosclerosis progression suggesting the effect was specific to calcification.
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(2008)
Circulation
, vol.117
, pp. 411-420
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Morony, S.1
Tintut, Y.2
Zhang, Z.3
Cattley, R.C.4
Van, G.5
Dwyer, D.6
Stolina, M.7
Kostenuik, P.J.8
Demer, L.L.9
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41
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Increased osteoprotegerin serum levels in men with coronary artery disease
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Schoppet M., Sattler A.M., Schaefer J.R., Herzum M., Maisch B., and Hofbauer L.C. Increased osteoprotegerin serum levels in men with coronary artery disease. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 88 (2003) 1024-1028
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(2003)
J Clin Endocrinol Metab
, vol.88
, pp. 1024-1028
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Schoppet, M.1
Sattler, A.M.2
Schaefer, J.R.3
Herzum, M.4
Maisch, B.5
Hofbauer, L.C.6
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42
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48249133229
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Chronic apoptosis of vascular smooth muscle cells accelerates atherosclerosis and promotes calcification and medial degeneration
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Clarke M.C., Littlewood T.D., Figg N., Maguire J.J., Davenport A.P., Goddard M., and Bennett M.R. Chronic apoptosis of vascular smooth muscle cells accelerates atherosclerosis and promotes calcification and medial degeneration. Circ Res 102 (2008) 1529-1538
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(2008)
Circ Res
, vol.102
, pp. 1529-1538
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Clarke, M.C.1
Littlewood, T.D.2
Figg, N.3
Maguire, J.J.4
Davenport, A.P.5
Goddard, M.6
Bennett, M.R.7
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