Thermal structure of the North American uppermost mantle inferred from seismic tomography

Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth

Volumn 107, Issue 3, 2002, Pages

  Goes, Saskia ^a   van der Lee, Suzan ^a  

^a ETH ZURICH   (Switzerland)

Author keywords

Heat flow; Lithosphere; North America; P velocity; S velocity; Temperature

Indexed keywords

HEAT FLOW; P-WAVE; S-WAVE; SEISMIC TOMOGRAPHY; SEISMIC VELOCITY; THERMAL STRUCTURE; UPPER MANTLE;

NORTH AMERICA;

EID: 0037051482     PISSN: 21699313     EISSN: 21699356     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article

References (58)

1. Artemieva, I. M., Evolution of deep thermal regime of the Western U.S.A.: Evidence of Cenozoic magmatism, Eos Trans. AGU, 77(46), Fall Meet. Suppl., F666, 1996.
2. Artemieva, I. M., and W. D. Mooney, Thermal thickness and evolution of Precambrian lithosphere: A global study, J. Geophys. Res., 106, 16,387-16, 414, 2001.
3. Atwater, T., Plate tectonic history of the northeast Pacific and western North America, in The Geology of North America, vol. N, The Eastern Pacific Ocean and Hawaii, pp. 21-72, Geol. Soc. of Am., Boulder, Colo., 1989.
4. Bass, J. D., Elasticity of minerals, glasses, and melts, in Mineral Physics and Crystallography: A Handbook of Physical Constants, AGU Ref. Shelf, vol. 2, edited by T.J. Ahrens, pp. 45-63, AGU, Washington, D.C., 1995.
5. Benz, H. M., and G. Zandt, Teleseismic tomography: Lithospheric structure of the San Andreas Fault system in northern and central California, in Seismic Tomography: Theory and Practice, edited by H. M. Iyer and K. Hirahara, pp. 440-465, Chapman and Hall, New York, 1993.
6. Berckhemer, H., et al., Shear modulus and Q of forsterite and dunite near partial melting from forced oscillation experiments, Phys. Earth Planet. Inter., 29, 30-41, 1982.
7. Bijwaard, H., and W. Spakman, Non-linear global P-wave tomography by iterated linearized inversion, Geophys. J. Int., 141, 71-82, 2000.
8. Bijwaard, H., and W. Spakman, and E. R. Engdahl, Closing the gap between regional and global travel time tomography, J. Geophys. Res., 103, 30,055-30,078, 1998.
9. Braile, L. W., et al., Seismic properties of the crust and uppermost mantle of the conterminous United States and adjacent Canada, in Geophysical Framework of the Continental United States, edited by L. C. Pakiser and W.D. Mooney, Mem. Geol. Soc. Am., 172, 655-680, 1989.
10. Carlson, R. W., A. J. Irving, and B. C. Hearn Jr., Chemical and isostopic systematics of peridotite xenoliths from the Williams Kimberlite, Montana: Clues to processes of lithosphere formation, modification, and destruction, in Proceedings of the 7th International Kimberlite Conference, edited by J. J. Gurney et al., pp. 90-98, Red Roof Design, Cape Town, South Africa, 1999.
11. Chapman, D. S., Thermal gradients in the continental crust, in The Nature of the Lower Continental Crust, edited by J.B. Dawson et al., Geol. Soc. Spec. Publ., 25, 63-70, 1986.
12. Chulick, G. S., and W. D. Mooney, New maps of North American crustal structure, Seismol. Res. Lett., 69, 160, 1998.
13. Decker, E. R., Thermal regimes of the Southern Rocky Mountains and Wyoming Basin in Colorado and Wyoming in the United States, Tectonophysics, 244, 85-106, 1995.
14. Dickinson, W. R., and W. S. Snyder, Geometry of subducted slabs related to San Andreas Transform, J. Geol., 87, 609-627, 1979.
15. Dueker, K., E. Humphreys, and G. Biasi, Teleseismic imaging of the western U.S. upper mantle structure using the simultaneous iterative reconstruction technique, in Seismic Tomography: Theory and Practice, edited by H.M. lyer and K. Hirahara, pp. 265-298, Blackwell, Malden, Mass., 1993.
16. Dueker, K., H. Yuan, and B. Zurek, Thick-structure Proterozoic lithosphere of the Rocky Mountain region, GSA Today, 11(2), 4-9, 2001.
17. Dueker, K. G., New seismic images of the western U.S. from crust to 660 km, Seismol. Res. Lett., 70, 2, 1999.
18. Engdahl, E. R., R. D. van der Hilst, and R. P. Buland, Global teleseismic earthquake relocation with improved travel times and procedures for depth determination, Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am., 88, 722-743, 1998.
19. Goes, S., R. Govers, and P. Vacher, Shallow upper mantle temperatures under Europe from P and S wave tomography, J. Geophys. Res., 105, 11,153-11,169, 2000.
20. Grand, S. P., Mantle shear structure beneath the Americas and surrounding oceans, J. Geophys. Res., 99, 11,591-11,621, 1994.
21. Griffin, W. L., S. Y. O'Reilly, and C. G. Ryan, The composition and origin of subcontinental lithospheric mantle in Mantle Petrology: Field Observations and High-Pressure Experimentation: A Tribute to Francis R. (Joe) Boyd, edited by Y. Fei, Spec. Publ. Geochem. Soc., 6, 13-43, 1999.
22. Hammond, W. C., and E. D. Humphreys, Upper mantle seismic wave velocity: Effects of realistic partial melt geometries, J. Geophys. Res., 105, 10,975-10,986, 2000.
23. Henry, C. D., and J. J. Aranda-Gómez, The real southern Basin and Range: Mid-to late Cenozoic extension in Mexico, Geology, 20, 701-704, 1992.
24. Hirth, G., and D. L. Kohlstedt, Water in the oceanic upper mantle: Implications for rheology, melt extraction and the evolution of the lithosphere, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 144, 93-108, 1996.
25. Humphreys, E. D., and K. G. Dueker, Physical state of the western U.S. upper mantle. J. Geophys. Res., 99, 9635-9650, 1994a.
26. Humphreys, E. D., and K. G. Dueker, Western U.S. upper mantle structure, J. Geophys. Res., 99, 9615-9634, 1994b.
27. Iwamori, H., and D. Zhao, Melting and seismic structure beneath the northeast Japan arc, Geophys. Res. Lett., 27, 425-428, 2000.
28. Jordan, T. H., Mineralogies, densities and seismic velocities of garnet Iherzolites and their geophysical implications, in The Mantle Sample: Inclusions in Kimberlites and Other Volcanics, edited by F. R. Boyd and H. O. A. Myer, pp. 1-14, AGU, Washington, D.C., 1979.
29. Kaban, M. K., and W. D. Mooney, Density structure of the lithosphere in the southwestern United States and its tectonic implications, J. Geophys. Res., 106, 721-739, 2001.
30. Kane, M. F., and R. H. Godson, A crust/mantle structural framework of the conterminous United States based on gravity and magnetic trends, in Geophysical Framework of the Continental United States, edited by L. C. Pakiser and W. D. Mooney, pp. 383-403, Geol. Soc. of Am., Boulder, Colo., 1989.
31. Karato, S., Importance of anelasticity in the interpretation of seismic tomography, Geophys. Res. Lett., 20, 1623-1626, 1993.
32. Karato, S., and H. Jung, Water, partial melting and the origin of the seismic low velocity and high attenuation zone in the upper mantle, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 157, 193-207, 1998.
33. Karato, S., and H. A. Spetzler, Defect microdynamics in minerals and solid-state mechanisms of seismic wave attenuation and velocity dispersion in the mantle. Rev. Geophys., 28, 399-421, 1990.
34. Koper, K. D., et al., Constraints on the origin of slab and mantle wedge anomalies in Tonga from the ratio of P and S velocities, J. Geophys. Res., 104, 15,089-15,104, 1999.
35. Lachenbruch, A. H., and J. H. Sass, Heat flow and energetics of the San Andreas Fault zone, J. Geophys. Res., 85, 6185-6222, 1980.
36. Lachenbruch, A. H., and J. H. Sass, and P. Morgan, Thermal regime of the southern Basin and Range Province, 2, Implications of heat flow for regional extension and metamorphic core complexes. J. Geophys. Res., 99, 22,121-22,133, 1994.
37. Lowry, A. R., N. M. Ribe, and R. B. Smith, Dynamic elevation of the Cordillera, western United States, J. Geophys. Res., 105, 23,371-23,390, 2000.
38. McDonough, W. F., Constraints on the composition of the continental lithospheric mantle. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 101, 1-18, 1990.
39. McKenzie, D., and M. J. Bickle, The volume and composition of melt generated by extension of the lithosphere, J. Petrol., 29, 625-679, 1988.
40. Mooney, W. D., G. Laske, and T. G. Masters, CRUST5.1: A global crustal model at 5° × 5° J. Geophys. Res., 103, 727-747, 1998.
41. Morgan, P., and W. D. Gosnold, Heat flow and thermal regimes in the continental United States, in Geophysical Framework of the Continental United States, edited by L.C. Pakiser and W.D. Mooney, pp. 493-522, Am. Geol. Soc. of Am., Boulder, Colo., 1989.
42. National Geophysical Data Center, Digital relief of the surface of the Earth. Natl. Oceanic and Atmos. Admin., Boulder, Colo., 1988.
43. Nolet, G., and A. Zielhuis, Low S velocities under the Tornquist-Teisseyre zone: Evidence for water injection into the transition zone by subduction, J. Geophys. Res., 99, 15,813-15,820, 1994.
44. Nolet, G., C. Coutlee, and B. Clouser, Sn velocities in western and eastern North America, Geophys. Res. Lett., 25, 1557-1561, 1998.
45. Pollack, H. N., and D. S. Chapman, On the regional variation of heat flow, geotherms and lithospheric thickness, Tectonophysics, 38,279-296, 1977.
46. Pollack, H. N., S. J. Hurter, and J. R. Johnson, Heat flow from the Earth's interior: Analysis of the global data set, Rev. Geophys., 31, 267-280, 1993.
47. Roth, E. G., D. A. Wiens, and D. Zhao, An empirical relationship between seismic attenuation and velocity anomalies in the upper mantle, Geophys. Res. Lett., 27, 601-604, 2000.
48. Schmeling, H., Numerical models on the influence of partial melt on elastic, anelastic and electric properties of rocks, part 1, Elasticity and anelasticity, Phys. Earth Planet. Inter., 41, 34-57, 1985.
49. Simkin, T., and L. Siebert, Volcanoes of the World, 386 pp., Geoscience, Tucson, Ariz., 1994.
50. Sobolev, S. V., and A. Y. Babeyko, Modelling of mineralogical composition, density and elastic wave elocities in anhydrous magmatic rocks, Surv. Geophys., 15, 515-544, 1994.
51. Sobolev, S. V., et al., Upper mantle temperatures from teleseismic tomography of French Massif Central including effects of composition, mineral reactions, anharmonicity, anelasticity and partial melt, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 139, 147-163, 1996.
52. Sobolev, S. V., A. Gresillaud, and M. Cara, How robust is isotropic delay time tomography for anisotropic mantle, Geophys. Res. Lett., 26, 509-512, 1999.
53. Thompson, A. B., Water in the Earth's upper mantle, Nature, 358, 295-302, 1992.
54. van der Lee, S., and G. Nolet, Seismic image of the subducted trailing fragments of the Farallon plate, Nature, 386, 266-269, 1997a.
55. van der Lee, S., and G. Nolet, Upper mantle S velocity structure of North America, J. Geophys. Res., 102, 22,815-22,838, 1997b.
56. van der Lee, S., D. James, and P. Silver, Upper mantle S velocity structure of central and western South America, J. Geophys. Res., 106, 30,821-30,834, 2001.
57. Wessel, P., and W. H. F. Smith, New version of the generic mapping tools released, Eos Trans. AGU, 76, 329, 1995.
58. Zandt, G., and C. R. Carrigan, Small-scale convective instability and upper mantle viscosity under California, Science, 261, 460-463, 1993.