From lists to history: Chronological aspects of the Chronicler's genealogies

Journal of Biblical Literature

Volumn 123, Issue 4, 2004, Pages 601-636

  Levin, Yigal ^a  

^a BAR ILAN UNIVERSITY   (Israel)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 61949410533     PISSN: 00219231     EISSN: 19343876     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2307/3268462     Document Type: Review

References (177)

1. Leslie C. Allen, "The First and Second Books of Chronicles," NIB 3:299.
2. Kent H. Richards, "Introduction: The Persian Period: Coming of Age," in Second Temple Studies, vol. 2, Temple Community in the Persian Period [ed. T. C. Eskenazi and K. H. Richards; JSOTSup 175; Sheffield: Sheffield Academic Press, 1994], 13.
3. Yigal Levin, "Who Was the Chronicler's Audience? A Hint from His Genealogies," JBL 122 (2003): 229-30, 243-45 and esp. nn. 3 and 4.
4. Aaron Demsky, "Who Came First, Ezra or Nehemiah? The Synchronistic Approach," HUCA 65 (1994): 1-19.
5. Marshall D. Johnson, The Purpose of the Biblical Genealogies with Special Reference to the Genealogies of Jesus (SNTSMS 8; Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1969), 44-55;
6. H. G. M. Williamson, 1 and 2 Chronicles (NCB; Grand Rapids/London: Eerdmans, 1982), 12-15;
7. Sara Japhet, I & II Chronicles: A Commentary (OTL; Louisville: Westminster John Knox, 1993), 3-7;
8. Yigal Levin, "The Historical Geography of the Chronicler" (in Hebrew with English abstract) (Ph.D. diss., Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, 1999), 52-53.
9. Allen, "First and Second Books of Chronicles," 299.
10. Levin, "Who Was the Chronicler's Audience?" 229-45.
11. Jonathan E. Dyck (The Theocratic Ideology of the Chronicler [Biblical Interpretation Series 33; Leiden/Boston/Cologne: Brill, 1998], 109-17).
12. Peter R. Ackroyd, Exile and Restoration: A Study of Hebrew Thought of the Sixth Century B.C. (OTL; Philadelphia: Westminster, 1968), 31-38;
13. idem, Israel under Babylon and Persia (London: Oxford University Press, 1970), 19-34;
14. Daniel L. Smith, The Religion of the Landless: The Social Context of the Babylonian Exile (Bloomington, IN: Meyer Stone, 1989), 92-120;
15. Peter Ross Bedford, Temple Restoration in Early Achaemenid Judah (JSJSup 65; Leiden/Boston/Cologne: Brill, 2001), 41-83.
16. Thomas Willi ("Late Persian Judaism and Its Conception of an Integral Israel according to Chronicles: Some Observations on Form and Function of the Genealogy of Judah in 1 Chronicles 2.3-4.23," in Second Temple Studies, vol. 2, Temple Community in the Persian Period, ed. Eskenazi and Richards, 158-60)
17. Gary N. Knoppers ("Intermarriage, Social Complexity, and Ethnic Diversity in the Genealogy of Judah," JBL 120 [2001]: 15-30;
18. idem, "'Great among His Brothers,' but Who Is He? Heterogeneity in the Composition of Judah?" Journal of Hebrew Scriptures 3/4 [2001], www.jhsonline.org).
19. Aloo Osotsi Mojola, "The 'Tribes' of Israel? A Bible Translator's Dilemma," JSOT 81 (1998): 15-29.
20. Roland de Vaux, Ancient Israel: Its Life and Institutions (trans. J. McHugh; 2nd ed.; London: Darton, Longman & Todd, 1965), 20;
21. Lawrence E. Stager,"The Archaeology of the Family in Ancient Israel," BASOR 260 (1985): 1-35;
22. Hanoch Reviv, Society in the Kingdoms of Israel and Judah (in Hebrew) (Jerusalem: Bialik Institute, 1993), 47;
23. Shunya Bendor, The Social Structure of Ancient Israel: The Institution of the Family (Beit 'Ab) from the Settlement to the End of the Monarchy (Jerusalem: Simor, 1996), 98-107;
24. Joseph Blenkinsopp, "The Family in First Temple Israel," in Families in Ancient Israel (ed. Leo G. Perdue et al.; Louisville: Westminster John Knox, 1997), 49-57;
25. Avraham Faust, "The Rural Community in Ancient Israel During Iron Age II," BASOR 317 (2000): 29-32.
26. Bendor, Social Structure of Ancient Israel, 108-15.
27. Aaron Demsky, "The Genealogy of Gibeon (I Chronicles 9:35-44): Biblical and Epigraphic Considerations," BASOR 202 (1971): 18, 23.
28. Øystein Sakala LaBianca, "Salient Features of Iron Age Tribal Kingdoms," in Ancient Ammon (ed. B. MacDonald and R. W. Younker; Studies in the History and Culture of the Ancient Near East 42; Leiden/Boston/Cologne: Brill, 1999), 19-23.
29. Joseph Blenkinsopp, "Temple and Society in Achaemenid Judah," in Second Temple Studies 1: Persian Period (ed. P. R. Davies; JSOTSup 117; Sheffield: Sheffield Academic Press, 1991), 50-51;
30. Joel Weinberg, The Citizen-Temple Community (trans. D. L. Smith-Christopher; JSOTSup 151; Sheffield: Sheffield Academic Press, 1992)
31. Lizbeth S. Fried, "The Political Struggle of Fifth Century Judah," Transeu 24 (2002): 9-21;
32. Robert D. Miller II, "Popular, Ideological and Textual Dimensions of Postexilic Judean Culture," EstBib 60 (2002): 337-50.
33. Richard A. Horsley, "Empire, Temple, and Community - but no Bourgeoisie! A Response to Blenkinsopp and Petersen," in Second Temple Studies 1: Persian Period, ed. Davies, 163-74.
34. David Janzen "Politics, Settlement, and Community in Persian-Period Yehud," CBQ 64 [2002]: 492-97).
35. Oded Lipschits, "Judah, Jerusalem, and the Temple 586-539 B.C.," Transeu 22 (2001): 129-42;
36. idem, "Nebuchadrezzar's Policy in 'Hattu-Land' and the Fate of the Kingdom of Judah," UF 30 (1998): 473-76;
37. idem, "The History of the Benjamin Region under Babylonian Rule," TA 26 (1999): 155-90.
38. Morton Smith, Palestinian Parties and Politics That Shaped the Old Testament (New York: Columbia University Press, 1971; 2nd, corrected ed.; London: SCM, 1987), 83-85.
39. Avraham Faust, "Jerusalem's Countryside during the Iron Age II-Persian period Transition" (in Hebrew with English abstract), in New Studies on Jerusalem: Proceedings of the Seventh Conference (ed. A. Faust and E. Baruch; Ramat-Gan: Rennert Center for Jerusalem Studies, 2001), 83-89.
40. Adam C. Welch, Post-Exilic Judaism (Baird Lecture for 1934; Edinburgh/London: William Blackwood & Sons, 1935), 65-66.
41. Morton Smith Palestinian Parties and Politics, 107-15.
42. Daniel L. Smith, "The Politics of Ezra: Sociological Indicators of Postexilic Judaean Society," in Second Temple Studies 1: Persian Period, ed. Davies, 96.
43. Japhet, I & II Chronicles, 206;
44. eadem, The Ideology of the Book of Chronicles and Its Place in Biblical Thought (trans. A. Barber in 1989 from the original 1977 Hebrew edition; BEATAJ 9; Frankfurt am Main: Peter Lang, 1997), 369.
45. Magnar Kartveit, Motive und Schichten der Landtheologie in I Chronik 1-9 (ConBOT 28; Stockholm: Almqvist & Wiksell, 1989);
46. Roddy L. Braun, "1 Chronicles 1-9 and the Reconstruction of the History of Israel: Thoughts on the Use of Genealogical Data in Chronicles in the Reconstruction of the History of Israel," in The Chronicler as Historian (ed. M. Patrick Graham, Kenneth G. Hoglund, and Steven L. McKenzie; JSOTSup 238; Sheffield: Sheffield Academic Press, 1997), 93-105;
47. Benjamin E. Scolnic, Chronology and Papponymy: A List of the Judean High Priests of the Persian Period (South Florida Studies in the History of Judaism, 206; Atlanta: Scholars Press, 1999), 39-119;
48. Yigal Levin, "Understanding Biblical Genealogies," CurBS 9 (2001): 11-16;
49. Robert R. Wilson, Genealogy and History in the Biblical World (New Haven/London: Yale University Press, 1977).
50. Wilson, Geneaolgy and History, 13-18;
51. Bernhard Lang, "Anthropology as a Model for Biblical Studies (introduction)," in Anthropological Approaches to the Old Testament (ed. B. Lang; Philadelphia: Fortress; London: SPCK, 1985), 3-8;
52. Thomas W. Overholt, Cultural Anthropology and the Old Testament (Minneapolis: Fortress, 1996), 1-23.
53. Scolnic, Chronology and Papponymy, 50-78.
54. Laura Bohannan "A Genealogical Charter," Africa 22 [1952]: 301-15
55. John Middleton and David Tait, Tribes Without Rulers: Studies in African Segmentary Systems (London: Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1958).
56. Frank Crüsemann, "Human Solidarity and Ethnic Identity: Israel's Self-Definition in the Genealogical System of Genesis," in Ethnicity and the Bible (ed. M. G. Brett; Biblical Interpretation Series 19; Leiden: Brill, 1996), 60;
57. Jack M. Sasson, "A Genealogical 'Convention' in Biblical Chronography," ZAW 90 (1978): 171-85;
58. Abraham Malamat, "King Lists of the Old Babylonian Period and Biblical Genealogies," JAOS 88 (1968): 163-73;
59. Richard S. Hess, "The Genealogies of Genesis 1-11 and Comparative Literature," Bib 70 (1989): 241-54.
60. Braun, "1 Chronicles 1-9 and the Reconstruction of the History of Israel," 98-101.
61. Kartveit, Motive und Schichten, 110-17;
62. Levin, "Historical Geography of the Chronicler," 65.
63. August Klostermann, in Realencyklopädie für Protestantische Theologie und Kirche (ed. Albert Hauck; Leipzig: Hinrichs, 1898), 4:94;
64. Wilhelm Rudolph, Chronikbücher (HAT; Tubingen: Mohr-Siebeck, 1955), 68;
65. contra H. G. M. Williamson, "A Note on 1 Chronicles VII 12," VT 23 (1973): 375-79;
66. Edward Lewis Curtis and Albert Alonzo Madsen (A Critical and Exegetical Commentary on the Books of Chronicles [ICC; Edinburgh: T & T Clark, 1910], 145-49)
67. A.-M. Brunet ("Le Chroniste et Ses Sources," RB 60 [1953]: 485)
68. Yigal Levin, "The Territories of Ephraim and Manasseh According to Chronicles" (in Hebrew with English abstract), in Judea and Samaria Research Studies: Proceedings of the Third Annual Meeting 1993 (ed. Z. H. Ehrlich and Y. Eshel; Kedumim/Ariel: College of Judea and Samaria Research Institute, 1994), 55-64.
69. Willi, "Late Persian Judaism," 152-53.
70. Knoppers, "'Great among His Brothers,' but Who Is He?" 1.1; Manfred Oeming, Das wahre Israel: Die "genealogische Vorhalle" 1 Chronik 1-9 (BWANT 128; Stuttgart: Kohlhammer, 1990);
71. Simon J. De Vries, 1 and 2 Chronicles (FOTL 11; Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1989), 21-26;
72. William Johnstone, 1 and 2 Chronicles, vol. 1, 1 Chronicles 1-2 Chronicles 9: Israel's Place among the Nations (JSOTSup 253; Sheffield: Sheffield Academic Press, 1997), 37-39.
73. Williamson, 1 and 2 Chronicles, 46-47;
74. Aaron Demsky, "The Family of Saul and the el-Jib Handles" (in Hebrew), in Samaria and Benjamin: Researches in Historical Geography I (ed. Z. Ehrlich; Ophrah: Matteh Binyamin Regional Council, 1987), 22
75. idem, "The Genealogy of Asher (1 Chron. 7:30-40)" (in Hebrew with English abstract), ErIsr 24 (1993): 68;
76. Japhet, Ideology of the Book of Chronicles, 352-55;
77. Dyck, Theocratic Ideology of the Chronicler, 129.
78. Nadav Na'aman, "The Inheritance of the Sons of Simeon," ZDPV 96 (1980): 136-52;
79. Matthias Augustin, "The Role of Simeon in the Book of Chronicles and in Jewish Writings of the Hellenistic-Roman Period," in Proceedings of the Tenth World Congress of Jewish Studies, Division A: The Bible and Its World (Jerusalem: World Union of Jewish Studies, 1990), 137-38
80. Zecharia Kallai, "Simeon's Town List: Scribal Rules and Geographical Patterns," VT 53 (2003): 81-96.
81. Abraham Malamat Mari and the Early Israelite Experience [1984 Schweich Lecture; Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1989], 47-48).
82. Yuval Portugali, "'Arim, Banot, Migrashim and Haserim: The Spatial Organization of Eretz-Israel in the 12th-10th Centuries B.C.E. according to the Bible" (in Hebrew with English abstract), ErIsr 17 (1934): 282-90.
83. Jacob M. Myers, I Chronicles: Introduction, Translation, and Notes (AB 12; Garden City, NY: Doubleday, 1965), 31;
84. Yohanan Aharoni, The Land of the Bible (trans. A. F. Rainey; 2nd ed.; London: Burns & Oates, 1979), 218.
85. Brevard S. Childs, "A Study of the Formula, 'Until This Day'" JBL 82 (1963): 286.
86. Jeffrey C. Geoghegan, "'Until This Day' and the Preexilic Redaction of the Deuteronomistic History," JBL 122 (2003): 201-27.
87. Joseph Naveh, "The Aramaic Ostraca from Tel Arad," in Arad Inscriptions [ed. Y. Aharoni; Jerusalem: Israel Exploration Society, 1981], 176;
88. Israel Eph'al and Joseph Naveh, Aramaic Ostraca of the Fourth Century BC from Idumaea [Jerusalem: Magnes; Israel Exploration Society, 1996], 15-16).
89. Kenneth E. Pomykala, The Davidic Dynasty Tradition in Early Judaism: Its History and Significance for Messianism (SBLEJL 7; Atlanta: Scholars Press, 1995), 83-88;
90. Ran Zadok, "On the Reliability of the Genealogical and Prosopographical Lists of the Israelites in the Old Testament," TA 25 (1998): 247.
91. Piet B. Dirksen, "1 Chronicles 5:1-2," JNSL 25 (1999): 17-23
92. Peter J. Williams, "Israel Outside the Land: The Transjordanian Tribes in 1 Chronicles 5," in Windows into Old Testament History: Evidence, Argument, and the Crisis of "Biblical Israel" (ed. V. Philips Long et al.; Grand Rapids/ Cambridge: Eerdmans, 2002), 150-53.
93. Perhaps reflecting Num 32:33, in which the half-tribe of Manasseh joins the Reubenites' and Gadites' request to remain in Transjordan only after the completion of the latter's negotiations with Moses. If so, the Chronicler is once more making implicit reference to a historical event without actually mentioning the event itself.
94. Bustenay Oded, "The Settlement of the Tribe of Reuben in Transjordania" (in Hebrew with English abstract), in Studies in the History of the Jewish People and the Land of Israel I (ed. A. Gilboa et al.; Haifa: Haifa University Press, 1970), 11-36.
95. Johnson, Purpose of the Biblical Genealogies, 67.
96. Richard J. Coggins (The First and Second Books of the Chronicles [CBC; Cambridge/New York: Cambridge University Press, 1976], 50)
97. Demsky, "Family of Saul and the el-Jib Handles," 22.
98. Abraham Malamat, "Ummatum in Old Babylonian Texts and Its Ugaritic and Biblical Counterparts," UF 11 (1979): 536.
99. Levin, "Understanding Biblical Genealogies," 28.
100. F.-M. Abel, "Un Mention Biblique de Birzeit," RB 46 (1937): 217-24;
101. Zecharia Kallai, "The Settlement Traditions of Ephraim: A Historiographical Study," ZDPV 102 (1986): 68-74;
102. Demsky, "Genealogy of Asher"; Japhet, I & II Chronicles, 185-87;
103. Yigal Levin, "Joseph, Judah, and the 'Benjamin Conundrum,'" ZAW 116 (2004): 227-28
104. Nadav Na'aman ("Sources and Redaction in the Chronicler's Genealogies of Asher and Ephraim," JSOT 49 [1991]: 99-111)
105. Diana Edelman, "Saul's Journey through Mt. Ephraim and Samuel's Ramah (1 Sam. 9:4-5; 10:2-5)," ZDPV 104 (1988): 44-58;
106. eadem, "The Asherite Genealogy in 1 Chronicles 7:30-40," BR 33 (1988): 13-23.
107. Yigal Levin and Avraham Faust, "The Ties Between the Tribes Asher and Benjamin" (in Hebrew with English abstract), in Judea and Samaria Research Studies: Proceedings of the Seventh Annual Meeting 1997 (ed. Y. Eshel; Kedumim/Ariel: College of Judea and Samaria Research Institute, 1998), 225-31;
108. Myers I Chronicles, 54;
109. Demsky "The Genealogies of Manasseh and the Location of the Territory of Milkah the Daughter of Zelophehad" (in Hebrew with English abstract), ErIsr 16 [1982]: 70-71);
110. Edelman "The Manassite Genealogy in 1 Chronicles 7:14-19: Form and Source," CBQ 53 [1991]: 179-201).
111. Levin, "Territories of Ephraim and Manasseh according to Chronicles."
112. Antje Labahn and Ehud Ben Zvi, "Observations on Women in the Genealogies of I Chronicles 1-9," Bib 84 (2003): 457-78.
113. Gary A. Rendsburg, "The Internal Consistency and Historical Reliability of the Biblical Genealogies," VT 40 (1990): 194 n. 17.
114. Sara Japhet, "Conquest and Settlement in Chronicles," JBL 98 (1979): 205-18;
115. Gershon Galil, "The Chronicler's Genealogies of Ephraim," BN 56 (1991): 11-14.
116. Rendsburg, "Internal Consistency and Historical Reliability of the Biblical Genealogies," 194.
117. Aaron Demsky, "Geba, Gibeah, and Gibeon: An Historical-Geographical Riddle," BASOR 212 (1973): 26-31;
118. Yigal Levin, "'From Goshen to Gibeon' (Joshua 10:41): The Southern Frontier of the Early Monarchy," Maarav 10 (2003): 201-4.
119. Shmuel Yeivin, "The Benjaminite Settlement in the Western Part of their Territory," IEJ 21 (1971): 149-52.
120. Aaron Demsky, "The Boundary of the Tribe of Dan (Joshua 19:41-46)," in Sefer Moshe: The Moshe Weinfeld Jubilee Volume: Studies in the Bible and the Ancient Near East, Qumran, and Post-Biblical Judaism (ed. Chaim Cohen, Avi Hurvitz, and Shalom M. Paul; Winona Lake, IN: Eisenbrauns, 2004), 276-77.
121. Aharoni, Land of the Bible, 298-304;
122. Zecharia Kallai, Historical Geography of the Bible: The Tribal Territories of Israel (Jerusalem: Magnes; Leiden: Brill, 1986), 362-63, 458
123. Oded Lipschits, "The Origin of the Jewish Population of Modi'in and Its Vicinity" (in Hebrew with English abstract), Cathedra 85 (1997): 7-32.
124. Rudolph, Chronikbücher, 77;
125. Demsky, "Genealogy of Gibeon," 71.
126. Diana Edelman, "Did Saulite-Davidic Rivalry Resurface in Early Persian Yehud?" in The Land That I Will Show You: Essays on the History and Archaeology of the Ancient Near East in Honour of J. Maxwell Miller (ed. J. A. Dearman and M. P. Graham; JSOTSup 343; Sheffield: Sheffield Academic Press, 2001), 69-91;
127. Stanley D. Walters ("Saul of Gibeon," SJOT 52 [1991]: 61-76)
128. Shmuel Yeivin, The Israelite Conquest of Canaan (Istanbul: Nederlands Historisch-Archaeologisch Instituut in het Nabije Oosten, 1971), 101.
129. H. G. M. Williamson, "Sources and Redaction in the Chronicler's Genealogy of Judah," JBL 98 (1979): 351-59;
130. Gershon Galil, "The Genealogies of the Tribe of Judah" (in Hebrew) (Ph.D. diss., Jerusalem: Hebrew University, 1983);
131. Aaron Demsky, "The Clans of Ephrath: Their Territory and History," TA 13-14 (1986): 46-59;
132. Willi, "Late Persian Judaism"; Levin, "Historical Geography of the Chronicler," 72-92;
133. idem, "'Great among His Brothers,' but Who Is He?"
134. Pomykala, Davidic Dynasty Tradition in Early Judaism, 69-77, 88-111;
135. Gary N. Knoppers, "The Davidic Genealogy: Some Contextual Considerations from the Ancient Mediterranean World," Transeu 22 (2001): 35-50.
136. Eric M. Meyers, "The Shelomith Seal and the Judean Restoration: Some Additional Considerations," ErIsr 18 (1985): 33°-38°.
137. W. Boyd Barrick, "Genealogical Notes on the 'House of David' and the 'House of Zadok,'"; JSOT 96 (2001): 30-44.
138. NRSV; NJPS; Japhet, I & II Chronicles, 99-100;
139. Knoppers, "Davidic Genealogy", 41.
140. Levin, "'From Goshen to Gibeon,'" 204-11.
141. Sara Japhet "The Israelite Legal and Social Reality as Reflected in Chronicles: A Case Study," in Sha'arei Talmon: Studies in the Bible, Qumran, and the Ancient Near East Presented to Shemaryahu Talmon [ed. M. Fishbane and E. Tov; Winona Lake, IN: Eisenbrauns, 1992], 83
142. Aaron Demsky, "Tir'ataim, Shim'ataim, Sukkotaim" (in Hebrew), Encyclopedia Biblica (Jerusalem, 1982), 8:934-35;
143. idem, "Clans of Ephrath: Their Territory and History";
144. Yigal Levin, "The Burial Place of Joab son of Zeruiah, Chief of David's Hosts" (in Hebrew with English abstract), in Judea and Samaria Studies: Proceedings of the Fourth Conference (ed. Y. Eshel and Z.H. Ehrlich; Ariel: College of Judea and Samaria Research Institute, 1995), 53-58.
145. R. Christopher Heard, "Echoes of Genesis in 1 Chronicles 4:9-10: An Intertextual and Contextual Reading of Jabez's Prayer," Journal of Hebrew Scriptures 4/2 (2002), www.jhsonline.org.
146. Demsky "The Houses of Achzib: A Critical Note on Micah 1:14b," IEJ 16 [1966]: 214),
147. "Historical Geography of the Chronicler," 89-92
148. Williamson, 1 and 2 Chronicles, 68-76;
149. Antti Laato, "The Levitical Genealogies in 1 Chronicles 5-6 and the Formation of Levitical Ideology in Post-Exilic Judah," JSOT 62 (1994): 77-99;
150. Barrick, "Genealogical Notes on the 'House of David' and the 'House of Zadok,'" 44-58;
151. and Steven James Schweitzer, "The High Priest in Chronicles: An Anomaly in a Detailed Description of the Temple Cult," Bib 89 (2003): 388-402, who correctly notes that none of these lists are actually called "high priestly lists."
152. Chris Hauer, Jr., "David and the Levites," JSOT 23 (1982): 33-54
153. and Kallai, Historical Geography of the Bible, 447-59.
154. Nadav Na'aman, Borders and Districts in Biblical Historiography: Seven Studies in Biblical Geographical Lists (Jerusalem: Simor, 1986), 203-36
155. Gary N. Knoppers, "Hierodules, Priests, or Janitors? The Levites in Chronicles and the History of the Israelite Priesthood," JBL, 118 (1999): 49-72.
156. Wilhelm M. L. de Wette, A Critical and Historical Introduction to the Canonical Scriptures of the Old Testament (trans. Theodore Parker; Boston: C. C. Little and J. Brown, 1843), 277-82.
157. Paul D. Hanson, "1 Chronicles 15-16 and the Chronicler's Views on the Levites," in Sha'arei Talmon, ed. Fishbane and Tov, 71.
158. eadem, Ideology of the Book of Chronicles, 91-92.
159. Knoppers, "Hierodules, Priests, or Janitors," 50-54.
160. Cana Werman, "Levi and Levites in the Second Temple Period," DSD 4 (1997): 213.
161. James Kugel ("Levi's Elevation to the Priesthood in Second Temple Writings," HTR 86 [1993]: 1-64)
162. Hanson, "1 Chronicles 15-16 and the Chronicler's Views on the Levites," 74-77;
163. Bernard Gosse, "L'alliance avec Lévi et l'opposition royale et Sacerdotale à l'époque Perse." Transeu 10 (1995): 29-33.
164. Johnstone, 1 and 2 Chronicles, 118-19.
165. Gary N. Knoppers, "Sources, Revisions, and Editions: The List of Jerusalem's Residents in MT and LXX Nehemiah 11 and 1 Chronicles 9," Text 20 (2000): 141-68.
166. Panc Beentjes, "Jerusalem in the Book of Chronicles," in The Centrality of Jerusalem: Historical Perspectives (ed. M. Poorthuis and Ch. Safrai; Kampen: Kok Pharos, 1996), 15-28;
167. Yigal Levin, "Earthly Jerusalem in the Book of Chronicles: Contemporary or Historical?" in New Studies on Jerusalem: Proceedings of the Second Conference (ed. A. Faust; Ramat-Gan: Bar-Ilan University [The Ingeborg Rennert Center for Jerusalem Studies], 1996), 24°-44°;
168. Martin J. Selman, "Jerusalem in Chronicles," in Zion, City of Our God (ed. R. S. Hess and G. J. Wenham; Grand Rapids/Cambridge: Eerdmans, 1999), 43-56;
169. Gary N. Knoppers, "Jerusalem at War in Chronicles," in ibid., 57-76;
170. Isaac Kalimi, "The View of Jerusalem in the Ethnographical Introduction of Chronicles (1 Chr 1-9)," Bib 83 (2002): 556-62.
171. Curtis and Madsen, A Critical and Exegetical Commentary on the Books of Chronicles, 168;
172. Yehudah Keel, The Book of Chronicles I (in Hebrew) (Da'at Miqra; Jerusalem: Rabbi Kook Institute, 1986), 230;
173. Knoppers, "Sources, Revisions, and Editions," 141-45;
174. Kalimi, "View of Jerusalem," 559.
175. Janzen "Politics, Settlement, and Community in Persian-Period Yehud," 496-510.
176. Oded, "Settlement of the Tribe of Reuben in Transjordania," 11-36.
177. Wilson, Genealogy and History, 32-36.