The view of Jerusalem in the ethnographical introduction of chronicles (1 Chr 1-9)

Biblica

Volumn 83, Issue 4, 2002, Pages 556-562

  Kalimi, Isaac ^a  

^a DEPAUL UNIVERSITY   (United States)

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EID: 61949309837     PISSN: 00060887     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
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References (65)

1. These lists include the tribe of Simeon (1 Chr 4,24-43)
2. whose territory was within that of Judah (Josh 19,1), as well as other tribal elements such as the clans of the Kenites and Kenizzites (1 Chr 2,55
3. 4,13-15)
4. who all were assimilated into the tribe of Judah during the monarchic era, see I. KALIMI, "Three Assumptions About the Kenites", ZAW 100 (1988) 386-393
5. This chapter (as well as 4,1-23) is not a "late supplement to chapter 2" as suggested by W. RUDOLPH, Chronikbücher (HAT 21; Tübingen 1955) 1, 11, 26
6. See I. KALIMI, "A Transmission of Tradition: The Number of Jesse's Sons - Biblical Writings, Judeo-Hellenistic Arts, Rabbinic Literature and Medieval Christian Art", TZ 57 (2001) 1-9
7. See in detail I. KALIMI, Zur Geschichtsschreibung des Chronisten. Literarisch-historiographische Abweichungen der Chronik von ihren Paralleltexten in den Samuel- und Königsbüchern (BZAW 226; Berlin - New York 1995) 266-268, and also 194-195, 221-222
8. IDEM, The Book of Chronicles. Historical Writing and Literary Devices (The Biblical Encyclopaedia Library XVIII; Jerusalem 2000) 299-301, 215-216, 247-248 (Hebrew)
9. In both periods and places he reigned over all the Israelite tribes (1 Chr 3,4b
10. 1 Kgs 2,11)
11. see KALIMI, Zur Geschichtsschreibung, 20-21, 89-90
12. IDEM, Chronicles, 23-26, 97-98
13. Here she is named "Bath-Shu'a" (a variation arising from a phonetically interchanged letters of b and w), and her father is called "Am'mi-el", while in 2 Sam 11,3 he is named "Eliam" (that is, the two letters of the name reversed, either in Chronicles or in Samuel)
14. IDEM, Chronicles, 345-347
15. Cf. 1 Kgs 5,17-19
16. Excluding, of course, Jechoniah's / Jehoiachin's sons and grandsons who were born in his exile, in Babylon (1 Chr 3,17-19)
17. Jechoniah's seven sons are mentioned in 1 Chr 3,17-18 and by the Babylonian Chronicles, which mentions five sons only, see J.B. PRITCHARD (ed.), ANET, 308
18. Is the difference of the numbers is "perhaps the final two were born at a later date" (R. BRAUN, 1 Chronicles [WBC 14; Waco, TX 1986], 52), or perhaps due to number "seven" that the Chronicler constructed. Similarly, he listed "seven" sons for Jesse in contrast to "four / eight" sons in the book of Samuel. He also created "four" sons for Bath-Sheba in contrast to only one son that we know from Samuel
19. On issue see in detail, I. KALIMI, "Die Abfassungszeit der Chronik - Forschungsstand und Perspektiven", ZAW 105 (1993) 223-233
20. IDEM, "Könnte die aramäische Grabinschrift aus Ägypten als Indikation für die Datierung der Chronikbücher fungieren?", ZAW 110 (1998) 79-81
21. "The Date of Chronicles: The Biblical Text, the Elephantine Papyri and the El-Ibrahimia's Aramaic Grave Inscription", Hebrew Bible and Related Literature. S.J. Devries Commemorative Volume (eds. J.H. ELLENS - I. KALIMI - R.P. KNIERIM) (JSOTSS; Sheffield 2003)
22. On the differences between the two lists in Chronicles itself as well as between these both and the one in 2 Sam 5, see BRAUN, 1 Chronicles, 50
23. See P.[C.] BEENTJES, "Jerusalem in the Book of Chronicles", The Centrality of Jerusalem. Historical Perspectives (eds. M. POORTHUIS - Ch. SAFRAI) (Kampen 1996) 19 (and the earlier bibliographical references which were listed there in note 28)
24. Contra RUDOLPH, Chronikbücher, 26 who defined the list in 1 Chr 3 as late addition
25. There are several examples for the double usage of a text from Samuel-Kings by the Chronicler, for example: 2 Chr 1,14-16 and 9,25-28 (// 1 Kgs 10,26-28); 2 Chr 2,1 and 2,16-17 (// 1 Kgs 5,29-30)
26. IDEM, Chronicles, 279-308)
27. which is not the case in 1 Chr 3
28. and 14,4-7
29. See 1 Chr 15,1
30. 16,1.7
31. (verse 1 is parallel to 2 Sam 6,17)
32. 17,2.5 //
33. 2 Sam 7,2.6
34. 2 Chr 1,3
35. See also 1 Chr 16,4-7
36. This religious institution - the musical service in "the Tabernacle of the Tent of Meeting" - was actually created by the Chronicler himself, and has no basis in any other Biblical sources. According to him, the cultic activity, however, took place in Gibeon, see 1 Chr 16,39-42
37. 21,29
38. 2 Chr 1,3-6
39. Thus, one can not speak about "die gleiche Liste" as stated by H. BÜCKERS, Die Bücher der Chronik oder Paralipomenon (HBK IV 1; Freiburg im Br. 1952) 71
40. See J. GOETTSBERGER, Die Bücher der Chronik oder Paralipomenon (HSAT 4,1; Bonn 1939) 88-89
41. Williamson states somewhat differently (without referring to Goettsberger): "have drawn independently on a common source"; see H.G.M. WILLIAMSON, Ezra - Nehemiah (WBC 16; Waco, TX 1985) 348
42. M. NOTH, Überlieferungsgeschichtliche Studien (Tübingen 1957) 130-131
43. H. SCHNEIDER, Die Bücher Esra und Nehemia (HSAT 4,2; Bonn 1959) 42-43, 231
44. J.M. MEYERS, Ezra - Nehemiah (AB; Garden City, NY 1965) 185-186
45. F.C. FENSHAM, The Books of Ezra and Nehemiah (NICOT; Grand Rapids, MI 1982) 244
46. "Als Vorlage diente die Liste 1 Chr 9,2ff., an deren Wortlaut der Verfasser sich anlehnt, aber mit großer Freiheit variierend, kürzend, ergänzend"; see G. HÖLSCHER, "Die Bücher Esra und Nehemia", Die heilige Schrift des Alten Testaments (ed. E. KAUTZSCH - A. BERTHOLET; Tübingen 1923) II, 551
47. see also J. BLENKINSOPP, Ezra - Nehemiah. A Commentary (OTL; Philadelphia 1988) 323-324
48. This opinion is shared by many scholars; see, for example, L.W. BATTEN, A Critical and Exegetical Commentary on the Books of Ezra and Nehemiah (ICC; Edinburgh 1913) 267
49. W. RUDOLF, Esra und Nehemia (HAT 20; Tübingen 1949) 183
50. IDEM, Chronikbücher, 83
51. L.C. ALLEN, The First and Second Books of Chronicles. Introduction, Commentary and Reflections (The New Interpreter's Bible 3; Nashville, TN 1999) 362
52. For a survey of other opinions, see G.N. KNOPPERS, "Sources, Revisions, and Editions: The Lists of Jerusalem's Residents in MT and LXX Nehemiah 11 and 1 Chronicles 9", Textus 20 (2000) 141-168 esp. 141-145
53. From a literary view, the list in 1 Chr 9,3-34 is formed in inclusio: the list opens with the words "And in Jerusalem dwelt..." (verse 3a // Neh 11,4a)
54. IDEM, Chronicles, 304-305. Thus, Beentjes' discussion on "the relation between the tribe of Benjamin and Jerusalem" (pp. 21-22), which depends on 1 Chr 9,3a.34b, makes no sense, since the two phrases are meant to build the literary feature only
55. RUDOLF, Esra und Nehemia, 184 is of opinion that the words "Ephraim and Manasseh" appeared in the earlier text of Neh 11,4. There is, however, no textual evidence for such an argument
56. It appears also in the late prophetical texts such as Isa 48,2; 52,1 and Dan 9,24. See also Tob 13,9; Matt 4,5; 27,53; Rev 11,2 and later on in the Arabic al quds for Jerusalem
57. On this issue, see I. KALIMI, "The Representation of Jerusalem in the Chronistic Writing Compared with the Earlier and Later Jewish Compositions", Ralf W. Klein Festschrift (JSOTSS; Sheffield 2003)
58. Compare M. OEMING, Das wahre Israel. Die "genealogische Vorhalle" 1-9 (BWANT 128; Stuttgart - Berlin - Köln 1990) 209-210
59. The list of Benjaminites in Gibeon and Jerusalem (verses 35-38 // Neh 11,31-36)
60. provided here once again (see 1 Chr 8,29-32)
61. probably because they served in the Temple (Josh 9,23.27), and at least some of them lived in Jerusalem (8,32b // 9,38b). The genealogy of Saul (verses 39-44), is used here as an exposition to the story of Saul in 1 Chr 10
62. Contra Benzinger who is of the opinion that the Chronicler himself did not insert the list under consideration into his book, but someone else later on, an "Interpolator". See I. BENZINGER, Die Bücher der Chronik (KHKAT 20; Tübingen and Leipzig 1901) 35. Similarly, Galling considers 1 Chr 9,1-34 as a "late addition"
63. see K. GALLING, Die Bücher der Chronik, Esra, Nehemia (ATD 12; Berlin 1958) 38
64. IDEM, Chronicles, 263-278
65. On this issue see I. KALIMI, "The Capture of Jerusalem in the Chronistic History", VT 52 (2002) 66-79