메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 5, Issue 1, 2009, Pages 84-94

1H NMR and GC/MS metabolomics of earthworm responses to sub-lethal DDT and endosulfan exposure

Author keywords

Alanine to glycine ratios; Eisenia fetida; Metabonomics; Principal component analysis

Indexed keywords

EISENIA FETIDA;

EID: 61849170023     PISSN: 15733882     EISSN: 15733890     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s11306-008-0122-6     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (90)

References (46)
  • 1
    • 0034666852 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Aging, bioavailability and overestimation of risk from environmental pollutants
    • doi: 10.1021/es001069+
    • Alexander, M. (2000). Aging, bioavailability and overestimation of risk from environmental pollutants. Environmental Science and Technology, 34, 4259-4265. doi: 10.1021/es001069+.
    • (2000) Environmental Science and Technology , vol.34 , pp. 4259-4265
    • Alexander, M.1
  • 2
    • 0037428247 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Low-frequency electromagnetic fields induce a stress effect upon higher plants, as evident by the universal stress signal, alanine
    • doi: 10.1016/S0006-291X(03)00194-3
    • Ben-Izhak Moselise, E., Parola, A. H., & Kost, D. (2003). Low-frequency electromagnetic fields induce a stress effect upon higher plants, as evident by the universal stress signal, alanine. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications, 302, 4427-4434. doi: 10.1016/ S0006-291X(03)00194-3.
    • (2003) Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications , vol.302 , pp. 4427-4434
    • Ben-Izhak Moselise, E.1    Parola, A.H.2    Kost, D.3
  • 3
    • 0019160829 scopus 로고
    • Persistence in earthworms and potential hazards to birds of soil applied DDT, dieldrin and heptachlor
    • doi: 10.2307/2402326
    • Beyer, W. N., & Gish, C. D. (1980). Persistence in earthworms and potential hazards to birds of soil applied DDT, dieldrin and heptachlor. Journal of Applied Ecology, 17, 295-307. doi: 10.2307/2402326.
    • (1980) Journal of Applied Ecology , vol.17 , pp. 295-307
    • Beyer, W.N.1    Gish, C.D.2
  • 4
    • 42049086298 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of sample preparation methods for nuclear magnetic resonance metabolic profiling studies with Eisenia fetida
    • doi: 10.1897/07-412.1
    • Brown, S. A. E., Simpson, A. J., & Simpson, M. J. (2008). Evaluation of sample preparation methods for nuclear magnetic resonance metabolic profiling studies with Eisenia fetida. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 27, 828-836. doi: 10.1897/07-412.1.
    • (2008) Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry , vol.27 , pp. 828-836
    • Brown, S.A.E.1    Simpson, A.J.2    Simpson, M.J.3
  • 5
    • 0036707692 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Metabonomic assessment of toxicity of 4-fluoroaniline, 3-5-difluroaniline and 2-fluoro-4-methylaniline to the earthworm Eisenia veneta (Rosa): Identification of new endogenous biomarkers
    • doi: 10.1897/1551-5028(2002)021<1966:MAOTOF>2.0.CO;2
    • Bundy, J. G., Lenz, E. M., Bailey, N. J., Gavaghan, C. L., Svendsen, C., Spurgeon, D., et al. (2002). Metabonomic assessment of toxicity of 4-fluoroaniline, 3-5-difluroaniline and 2-fluoro-4-methylaniline to the earthworm Eisenia veneta (Rosa): Identification of new endogenous biomarkers. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 21, 1966-1972. doi: 10.1897/1551-5028(2002)021<1966:MAOTOF>2.0.CO;2.
    • (2002) Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry , vol.21 , pp. 1966-1972
    • Bundy, J.G.1    Lenz, E.M.2    Bailey, N.J.3    Gavaghan, C.L.4    Svendsen, C.5    Spurgeon, D.6
  • 6
    • 0035968112 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An NMR-based metabonomic approach to the investigation of coelomic fluid biochemistry in earthworms under toxic stress
    • doi: 10.1016/S0014-5793(01)02582-0
    • Bundy, J. G., Osborn, D., Weeks, J. M., Lindon, J. C., & Nicholson, J. K. (2001). An NMR-based metabonomic approach to the investigation of coelomic fluid biochemistry in earthworms under toxic stress. FEBS Letters, 500, 31-35. doi: 10.1016/S0014-5793(01)02582-0.
    • (2001) FEBS Letters , vol.500 , pp. 31-35
    • Bundy, J.G.1    Osborn, D.2    Weeks, J.M.3    Lindon, J.C.4    Nicholson, J.K.5
  • 7
    • 14944364239 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Environmental metabonomics: Applying combination biomarker analysis in earthworms at a metal contaminated site
    • doi: 10.1007/s10646-003-4477-1
    • Bundy, J. G., Spurgeon, D. J., Svendsen, C., Hankard, P. K., Weeks, J. M., Osborn, D., et al. (2004). Environmental metabonomics: Applying combination biomarker analysis in earthworms at a metal contaminated site. Ecotoxicology (London, England), 13, 797-806. doi: 10.1007/ s10646-003-4477-1.
    • (2004) Ecotoxicology (London, England) , vol.13 , pp. 797-806
    • Bundy, J.G.1    Spurgeon, D.J.2    Svendsen, C.3    Hankard, P.K.4    Weeks, J.M.5    Osborn, D.6
  • 8
    • 4544326639 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of feeding and body weight loss on the 1H-NMR-based urine metabolic profiles of male Wistar Han rats: Implications for biomarker discovery
    • doi: 10.1080/13547500410001720767
    • Connor, S. C., Wu, W., Sweatman, B. C., Manini, J., Haselden, J. N., Crowther, D. J., et al. (2004). Effects of feeding and body weight loss on the 1H-NMR-based urine metabolic profiles of male Wistar Han rats: implications for biomarker discovery. Biomarkers, 9, 156-179. doi: 10.1080/13547500410001720767.
    • (2004) Biomarkers , vol.9 , pp. 156-179
    • Connor, S.C.1    Wu, W.2    Sweatman, B.C.3    Manini, J.4    Haselden, J.N.5    Crowther, D.J.6
  • 9
    • 0027939810 scopus 로고
    • The role of biomarkers in environmental assessment (2). Invertebrates
    • doi: 10.1007/BF00117081
    • Depledge, M. H., & Fossi, M. C. (1994). The role of biomarkers in environmental assessment (2). Invertebrates. Ecotoxicology (London, England), 3, 161-172. doi: 10.1007/BF00117081.
    • (1994) Ecotoxicology (London, England) , vol.3 , pp. 161-172
    • Depledge, M.H.1    Fossi, M.C.2
  • 10
    • 61849103915 scopus 로고
    • Effects of certain insecticides on earthworms
    • Doane, C. C. (1962). Effects of certain insecticides on earthworms. Journal of Economic Entomology, 55, 416-418.
    • (1962) Journal of Economic Entomology , vol.55 , pp. 416-418
    • Doane, C.C.1
  • 12
    • 14944354177 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pedological characterisation of sites along a transect from a primary cadmium/lead/zinc smelting works
    • doi: 10.1007/s10646-003-4472-6
    • Filzek, P. D. B., Spurgeon, D., Broll, G., Svendsen, C., Hankard, P. K., Kammenga, J. E., et al. (2004). Pedological characterisation of sites along a transect from a primary cadmium/lead/zinc smelting works. Ecotoxicology (London, England), 13, 725-737. doi: 10.1007/ s10646-003-4472-6.
    • (2004) Ecotoxicology (London, England) , vol.13 , pp. 725-737
    • Filzek, P.D.B.1    Spurgeon, D.2    Broll, G.3    Svendsen, C.4    Hankard, P.K.5    Kammenga, J.E.6
  • 13
    • 33846807587 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Increased alanine concentration is associated with exposure to fenitrothion but not carbamates in Chironomus riparius larvae
    • doi: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2006.10.015
    • Forcella, M., Berra, E., Giacchini, R., Rossaro, B., & Parenti, P. (2007). Increased alanine concentration is associated with exposure to fenitrothion but not carbamates in Chironomus riparius larvae. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 66, 326-334. doi: 10.1016/ j.ecoenv.2006.10.015.
    • (2007) Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety , vol.66 , pp. 326-334
    • Forcella, M.1    Berra, E.2    Giacchini, R.3    Rossaro, B.4    Parenti, P.5
  • 14
    • 0001501332 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 1H NMR spectroscopic investigations of tissue metabolite biomarker response to Cu(II) exposure in terrestrial invertebrates: Identification of free histidine as a novel biomarker of exposure to copper in earthworms
    • doi: 10.1080/135475097231526
    • 1H NMR spectroscopic investigations of tissue metabolite biomarker response to Cu(II) exposure in terrestrial invertebrates: Identification of free histidine as a novel biomarker of exposure to copper in earthworms. Biomarkers, 2, 295-302. doi: 10.1080/ 135475097231526.
    • (1997) Biomarkers , vol.2 , pp. 295-302
    • Gibb, J.O.T.1    Svendsen, C.2    Weeks, J.M.3    Nicholson, J.K.4
  • 16
    • 0001851284 scopus 로고
    • A comparison of laboratory methods for toxicity testing with earthworms
    • In C. A. Edwards & E. F. Neuhauser (Eds.) The Hague, The Netherlands: SPB Academic Publishing
    • Heimbach, F. (1988). A comparison of laboratory methods for toxicity testing with earthworms. In C. A. Edwards & E. F. Neuhauser (Eds.) Earthworms in waste and environmental management (pp. 329-335). The Hague, The Netherlands: SPB Academic Publishing.
    • (1988) Earthworms in Waste and Environmental Management , pp. 329-335
    • Heimbach, F.1
  • 17
    • 16544385856 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Metabolic profiling of the sink-to-source transition in developing leaves of quaking aspen
    • doi: 10.1104/pp. 104.044776
    • Jeong, M. L., Jiang, H., Chen, H.-S., Tsai, C.-J., & Harding, S. A. (2004). Metabolic profiling of the sink-to-source transition in developing leaves of quaking aspen. Plant Physiology, 136, 3364-3375. doi: 10.1104/pp. 104.044776.
    • (2004) Plant Physiology , vol.136 , pp. 3364-3375
    • Jeong, M.L.1    Jiang, H.2    Chen, H.-S.3    Tsai, C.-J.4    Harding, S.A.5
  • 18
    • 43049181666 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A metabolomics based approach to assessing the toxicity of the polyaromatic hydrocarbon pyrene to the earthworm Lumbricus rubellus
    • doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2007.08.056
    • Jones, O. A. H., Spurgeon, D. J., Svendsen, C., & Griffin, J. L. (2007). A metabolomics based approach to assessing the toxicity of the polyaromatic hydrocarbon pyrene to the earthworm Lumbricus rubellus. Chemosphere, 71, 601-609. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2007.08.056.
    • (2007) Chemosphere , vol.71 , pp. 601-609
    • Jones, O.A.H.1    Spurgeon, D.J.2    Svendsen, C.3    Griffin, J.L.4
  • 19
    • 0033015340 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Simultaneous determination of sugars, sugar alcohols, acids and amino acids in apricots by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry
    • doi: 10.1016/S0021-9673(99)00333-7
    • Katona, Z. F., Sass, P., & Molnar-Perl, I. (1999). Simultaneous determination of sugars, sugar alcohols, acids and amino acids in apricots by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Journal of Chromatography. A, 847, 91-102. doi: 10.1016/S0021-9673(99)00333-7.
    • (1999) Journal of Chromatography. A , vol.847 , pp. 91-102
    • Katona, Z.F.1    Sass, P.2    Molnar-Perl, I.3
  • 20
    • 33746598600 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Measurement of DDT fluxes from a historically treated agricultural soil in Canada
    • doi: 10.1021/es060216m
    • Kurt-Karakus, P. B., Bidleman, T. F., Staebler, R. M., & Jones, K. C. (2006). Measurement of DDT fluxes from a historically treated agricultural soil in Canada. Environmental Science and Technology, 40, 4578-4585. doi: 10.1021/es060216m.
    • (2006) Environmental Science and Technology , vol.40 , pp. 4578-4585
    • Kurt-Karakus, P.B.1    Bidleman, T.F.2    Staebler, R.M.3    Jones, K.C.4
  • 22
    • 20344368357 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 1H-NMR spectroscopy for the characterization of endogeneous metabolites in earthworms with biochemical biomarker potential
    • doi: 10.1007/s11306-005-4435-4
    • 1H-NMR spectroscopy for the characterization of endogeneous metabolites in earthworms with biochemical biomarker potential. Metabolomics, 1, 123-136. doi: 10.1007/ s11306-005-4435-4.
    • (2005) Metabolomics , vol.1 , pp. 123-136
    • Lenz, E.M.1    Weeks, J.M.2    Lindon, J.C.3    Osborn, D.4    Nicholson, J.K.5
  • 23
    • 33747815789 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Metabolomics: Methodologies and applications in the environmental sciences
    • doi: 10.1584/jpestics.31.245
    • Lin, C. Y., Viant, M. R., & Tjeerdema, R. S. (2006). Metabolomics: Methodologies and applications in the environmental sciences. Journal of Pesticide Science, 31, 245-251. doi: 10.1584/jpestics.31.245.
    • (2006) Journal of Pesticide Science , vol.31 , pp. 245-251
    • Lin, C.Y.1    Viant, M.R.2    Tjeerdema, R.S.3
  • 26
    • 33847356478 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Environmental metabolomics: A SWOT analysis (strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats)
    • doi: 10.1021/pr060623x
    • Miller, M. G. (2006). Environmental metabolomics: A SWOT analysis (strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats). Journal of Proteome Research, 6, 540-545. doi: 10.1021/pr060623x.
    • (2006) Journal of Proteome Research , vol.6 , pp. 540-545
    • Miller, M.G.1
  • 27
    • 0034651969 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bioavailability to earthworms of aged DDT, DDE, DDD and dieldrin in soil
    • doi: 10.1021/es9909879
    • Morrison, D. E., Robertson, B. K., & Alexander, M. (2000). Bioavailability to earthworms of aged DDT, DDE, DDD and dieldrin in soil. Environmental Science and Technology, 34, 709-713. doi: 10.1021/ es9909879.
    • (2000) Environmental Science and Technology , vol.34 , pp. 709-713
    • Morrison, D.E.1    Robertson, B.K.2    Alexander, M.3
  • 28
    • 0037226483 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Acute and sublethal effects of two insecticides on earthworms (Lumbricus terrestris L.) under laboratory conditions
    • doi: 10.1002/tox.10095
    • Mosleh, Y.Y., Paris-Palacios, S., Couderchet, M., & Vernet, G. (2003). Acute and sublethal effects of two insecticides on earthworms (Lumbricus terrestris L.) under laboratory conditions. Environmental Toxicology, 18, 1-8. doi: 10.1002/tox.10095.
    • (2003) Environmental Toxicology , vol.18 , pp. 1-8
    • Mosleh, Y.Y.1    Paris-Palacios, S.2    Couderchet, M.3    Vernet, G.4
  • 29
    • 4644333947 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Empirical and modeling evidence of regional atmospheric transport of current-use pesticides
    • doi: 10.1897/03-457
    • Muir, D. C. G., Teixeira, C., & Wania, F. (2004). Empirical and modeling evidence of regional atmospheric transport of current-use pesticides. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 23, 2421-2432. doi: 10.1897/03-457.
    • (2004) Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry , vol.23 , pp. 2421-2432
    • Muir, D.C.G.1    Teixeira, C.2    Wania, F.3
  • 30
    • 0031106147 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Changes in protein metabolism in hemolymph and fat body of the silkworm, Bombyx mori (Lepidoptera: Bombycidae) in response to organophosphorus insecticide toxicity
    • doi: 10.1006/eesa.1996.1504
    • Nath, B. S., Suresh, A., Varma, B. M., & Kumar, R. P. S. (1997). Changes in protein metabolism in hemolymph and fat body of the silkworm, Bombyx mori (Lepidoptera: Bombycidae) in response to organophosphorus insecticide toxicity. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 36, 169-173. doi: 10.1006/eesa.1996.1504.
    • (1997) Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety , vol.36 , pp. 169-173
    • Nath, B.S.1    Suresh, A.2    Varma, B.M.3    Kumar, R.P.S.4
  • 31
    • 0025205895 scopus 로고
    • Growth and reproduction of the earthworm Eisenia fetida exposed to sublethal concentrations of organic chemicals
    • doi: 10.1016/0038-0717(90)90083-C
    • Neuhauser, E. F., & Callahan, C. C. (1990). Growth and reproduction of the earthworm Eisenia fetida exposed to sublethal concentrations of organic chemicals. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 21, 175-179. doi: 10.1016/0038-0717(90)90083-C.
    • (1990) Soil Biology and Biochemistry , vol.21 , pp. 175-179
    • Neuhauser, E.F.1    Callahan, C.C.2
  • 32
    • 0003488241 scopus 로고
    • OECD. Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development
    • OECD. (1984). Guideline 207 for the testing of chemicals. Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development.
    • (1984) Guideline 207 for the Testing of Chemicals
  • 33
    • 0032839489 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of earthworms for assessment of sustainability and as bioindicators
    • doi: 10.1016/S0167-8809(99)00034-1
    • Paoletti, M. G. (1999). The role of earthworms for assessment of sustainability and as bioindicators. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, 74, 137-155. doi: 10.1016/S0167-8809(99)00034-1.
    • (1999) Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment , vol.74 , pp. 137-155
    • Paoletti, M.G.1
  • 34
    • 0028031482 scopus 로고
    • The role of biomarkers in environmental assessment (1). Introduction
    • doi: 10.1007/BF00117080
    • Peakall, D. B. (1994). The role of biomarkers in environmental assessment (1). Introduction. Ecotoxicology (London, England), 3, 157-160. doi: 10.1007/BF00117080.
    • (1994) Ecotoxicology (London, England) , vol.3 , pp. 157-160
    • Peakall, D.B.1
  • 35
    • 0021130805 scopus 로고
    • Relative toxicities of chemicals to the earthworm Eisenia foetida
    • doi: 10.1897/1552-8618(1984)3[67:RTOCTT]2.0.CO;2
    • Roberts, B. L., & Dorough, H. W. (1984). Relative toxicities of chemicals to the earthworm Eisenia foetida. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 3, 67-78. doi: 10.1897/1552-8618(1984)3[67:RTOCTT]2.0.CO;2.
    • (1984) Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry , vol.3 , pp. 67-78
    • Roberts, B.L.1    Dorough, H.W.2
  • 36
    • 20544466649 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Metabonomics in toxicology: A review
    • doi: 10.1093/toxsci/kfi102
    • Robertson, D. G. (2005). Metabonomics in toxicology: A review. Toxicological Sciences, 85, 809-822. doi: 10.1093/toxsci/kfi102.
    • (2005) Toxicological Sciences , vol.85 , pp. 809-822
    • Robertson, D.G.1
  • 37
    • 36049042571 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Variation of metabolites in normal human urine
    • doi: 10.1007/s11306-007-0091-1
    • Saude, E. J., Adamko, D., Rowe, B. H., Marrie, T., & Sykes, B. D. (2007). Variation of metabolites in normal human urine. Metabolomics, 3, 439-451. doi: 10.1007/s11306-007-0091-1.
    • (2007) Metabolomics , vol.3 , pp. 439-451
    • Saude, E.J.1    Adamko, D.2    Rowe, B.H.3    Marrie, T.4    Sykes, B.D.5
  • 38
  • 39
    • 1642424403 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A summary of eleven years progress in earthworm ecotoxicology
    • Spurgeon, D. J., Weeks, J. M., & Van Gestel, C. A. M. (2003). A summary of eleven years progress in earthworm ecotoxicology. Pedobiologia, 47, 588-606.
    • (2003) Pedobiologia , vol.47 , pp. 588-606
    • Spurgeon, D.J.1    Weeks, J.M.2    Van Gestel, C.A.M.3
  • 40
    • 0344945646 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A review of lysosomal membrane stability measured by neutral red retention: Is it a workable earthworm biomarker?
    • doi: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2003.08.009
    • Svendsen, C., Spurgeon, D. J., Hankard, P. K., & Weeks, J. M. (2004). A review of lysosomal membrane stability measured by neutral red retention: Is it a workable earthworm biomarker? Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 57, 20-29. doi: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2003.08.009.
    • (2004) Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety , vol.57 , pp. 20-29
    • Svendsen, C.1    Spurgeon, D.J.2    Hankard, P.K.3    Weeks, J.M.4
  • 41
    • 0037290663 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fish bioaccumulation and biomarkers in environmental risk assessment: A review
    • doi: 10.1016/S1382-6689(02)00126-6
    • van der Oost, R., Beyer, J., & Vermeulen, N. P. E. (2003). Fish bioaccumulation and biomarkers in environmental risk assessment: A review. Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology, 13, 57-149. doi: 10.1016/S1382-6689(02)00126-6.
    • (2003) Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology , vol.13 , pp. 57-149
    • van der Oost, R.1    Beyer, J.2    Vermeulen, N.P.E.3
  • 42
    • 0017741907 scopus 로고
    • Effects of soil pollution on earthworms
    • van Rhee, J. A. (1977). Effects of soil pollution on earthworms. Pedobiologia, 14, 201-208.
    • (1977) Pedobiologia , vol.14 , pp. 201-208
    • van Rhee, J.A.1
  • 43
    • 20344367794 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • NMR-derived developmental metabolic trajectories: An approach for visualizing the toxic action of trichloroethylene during embyrogenesis
    • doi: 10.1007/s11306-005-4429-2
    • Viant, M. R., Bundy, J. G., Pincetich, C. A., de Ropp, J. S., & Tjeerdema, R. S. (2005). NMR-derived developmental metabolic trajectories: An approach for visualizing the toxic action of trichloroethylene during embyrogenesis. Metabolomics, 1, 149-158. doi: 10.1007/s11306-005-4429-2.
    • (2005) Metabolomics , vol.1 , pp. 149-158
    • Viant, M.R.1    Bundy, J.G.2    Pincetich, C.A.3    de Ropp, J.S.4    Tjeerdema, R.S.5
  • 44
    • 0242628319 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • NMR-based metabolomics: A powerful approach for characterizing the effects of environmental stressors on organism health
    • doi: 10.1021/es034281x
    • Viant, M. R., Rosenblum, E. S., & Tjeerdema, R. S. (2003). NMR-based metabolomics: A powerful approach for characterizing the effects of environmental stressors on organism health. Environmental Science and Technology, 37, 4982-4989. doi: 10.1021/es034281x.
    • (2003) Environmental Science and Technology , vol.37 , pp. 4982-4989
    • Viant, M.R.1    Rosenblum, E.S.2    Tjeerdema, R.S.3
  • 45
    • 0033982341 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An NMR-based metabonomic investigation of the toxic effects of 3-trifluoromethyl-aniline on the earthworm Eisenia veneta
    • doi: 10.1080/135475000230541
    • Warne, M. A., Lenz, E. M., Osborn, D., Weeks, J. M., & Nicholson, J. K. (2000). An NMR-based metabonomic investigation of the toxic effects of 3-trifluoromethyl-aniline on the earthworm Eisenia veneta. Biomarkers, 5, 56-72. doi: 10.1080/135475000230541.
    • (2000) Biomarkers , vol.5 , pp. 56-72
    • Warne, M.A.1    Lenz, E.M.2    Osborn, D.3    Weeks, J.M.4    Nicholson, J.K.5


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.